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Class 12 Vector Math Formulas Guide

The document outlines essential formulas related to vector mathematics for Class 12, covering topics such as vector basics, direction cosines, addition and subtraction of vectors, scalar and vector products, and various projection and distance formulas. It also includes equations for lines and planes, as well as methods to calculate angles between lines and planes. Each section provides key mathematical expressions and definitions necessary for understanding vector operations.

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13 views2 pages

Class 12 Vector Math Formulas Guide

The document outlines essential formulas related to vector mathematics for Class 12, covering topics such as vector basics, direction cosines, addition and subtraction of vectors, scalar and vector products, and various projection and distance formulas. It also includes equations for lines and planes, as well as methods to calculate angles between lines and planes. Each section provides key mathematical expressions and definitions necessary for understanding vector operations.

Uploaded by

bhavishyachoudhary20210
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 12 Vector Mathematics – All Important Formulas

1. Vector Basics

• Vector a■ = (a■, a■, a■)

• Magnitude: |a■| = √(a■² + a■² + a■²)

• Unit Vector: a■ = a■ / |a■|

2. Direction Cosines & Ratios

• If direction cosines are l, m, n then: l² + m² + n² = 1

• Direction ratios (a, b, c): l = a/√(a²+b²+c²), etc.

3. Addition & Subtraction

• a■ + b■ = (a■+b■, a■+b■, a■+b■)

• a■ – b■ = (a■-b■, a■-b■, a■-b■)

4. Scalar (Dot) Product

• a■ · b■ = a■b■ + a■b■ + a■b■

• a■ · b■ = |a■||b■| cosθ

• Two vectors perpendicular ⇒ a■ · b■ = 0

5. Vector (Cross) Product

• a■ × b■ = (a■b■ – a■b■, a■b■ – a■b■, a■b■ – a■b■)

• |a■ × b■| = |a■||b■| sinθ

• Direction perpendicular to both vectors

6. Scalar Triple Product

• [a■ b■ c■] = a■ · (b■ × c■)

• Volume of parallelepiped = |[a■ b■ c■]|

7. Vector Triple Product

• a■ × (b■ × c■) = (a■ · c■)b■ – (a■ · b■)c■


8. Projection Formula

• Projection of a■ on b■: (a■·b■)/|b■|

• Vector projection: [(a■·b■)/|b■|²] b■

9. Section Formula (Internal)

• Point dividing A(x■,y■,z■) & B(x■,y■,z■) in ratio m:n:

((mx■ + nx■)/(m+n), (my■ + ny■)/(m+n), (mz■ + nz■)/(m+n))

10. Distance Between Two Points

• √[(x■-x■)² + (y■-y■)² + (z■-z■)²]

11. Line Equation

• Vector form: r■ = a■ + λb■

• Cartesian: (x-x■)/a = (y-y■)/b = (z-z■)/c

12. Angle Between Two Lines

• cosθ = (a■a■ + b■b■ + c■c■) / √(a■²+b■²+c■²)√(a■²+b■²+c■²)

13. Angle Between Line & Plane

• sinθ = |ax + by + cz| / √(x²+y²+z²)

14. Plane Equation

• General: ax + by + cz + d = 0

• Vector form: r■·n■ = d

15. Distance of Point From Plane

• |ax■ + by■ + cz■ + d| / √(a²+b²+c²)

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