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Viscous Damping in Mechanical Vibrations

The document discusses free vibration with viscous damping, outlining three cases: underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped systems. It explains concepts such as logarithmic decrement, energy dissipation in viscous damping, and specific damping capacity, along with equations governing these phenomena. Additionally, it includes an example problem related to a spring mass system to illustrate the application of these concepts.

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8 views14 pages

Viscous Damping in Mechanical Vibrations

The document discusses free vibration with viscous damping, outlining three cases: underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped systems. It explains concepts such as logarithmic decrement, energy dissipation in viscous damping, and specific damping capacity, along with equations governing these phenomena. Additionally, it includes an example problem related to a spring mass system to illustrate the application of these concepts.

Uploaded by

aaqib.khursheed.abbasi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME)

Mechanical Vibrations ME-421

Dr. Mian Ashfaq Ali


Free Vibration with Viscous Damping

General solution for viscous damped system.

Three cases were studied:


Case 1: Underdamped:

Case 2: Critically damped

Case 3: Overdamped
Free Vibration with Viscous Damping (cont’d.)
Free Vibration with Viscous Damping (cont’d.)

The nature of the roots with


varying values of damping can be
shown in a complex plane. The
semicircle represent the locus of
the roots for different values of
damping ratio in the range of 0 to 1
Free Vibration with Viscous Damping (cont’d.)
A critically damped system will have
the smallest damping required for
aperiodic motion: hence the mass
returns to the position of rest in the
shortest possible time without
overshooting
The figure represent the phase plane or
state space of a damped system
Logarithmic Decrement

Represents the rate at which the amplitude of a free damped


vibration decreases. It is defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio
of any successive amplitude

x1 X 0 e − nt1 cos(d t1 − 0 )


=
x2 X 0 e − nt2 cos(d t 2 − 0 )

d d
Now
t 2 = t1 + τ d
where, period of damped
vibration is
τ d = 2 / d
Hence,
cos(d t2 − 0 ) = cos(2 + d t1 − 0 ) = cos(d t1 − 0 )
Logarithmic Decrement (cont’d.)
Ratio for two successive decrements can now be written as:
x1 e − nt1
= − n (t1 + d ) = e n d
x2 e
Logarithmic decrement δ, now is given by:

For small damping , above equation will be:

  2 if   1

Damping ratio can be calculated from above equation as


Energy Dissipated in Viscous Damping

The rate of change of energy with time is given

The negative sign denotes that energy dissipate with time. Assuming a simple
harmonic motion

x(t ) = X sin d t

Now, energy dissipated in a complete cycle is given by

2
( 2 /  d )  dx  2
W =  c  dt =  cX 2d cos2 d t  d (d t )
t =0
 dt  0

W = cd X 2
Energy Dissipated in Viscous Damping (cont’d.)

The fraction of the total energy of the vibrating system that is dissipated in each cycle
of motion is called the specific damping capacity

Another quantity used to compare damping capacity of engineering materials is


called loss coefficient and is define as the ratio of energy dissipated per radian and
the total strain energy
Torsional Systems with Viscous Damping
Viscous damping torque is given by:

Equation of motion can now be written as:

As in the linear case; for the underdamped


system frequency of damped vibration is
given by

Where ωn and ζ are given by


FV Viscous Damping: Example Problems

1. Consider a spring mass system with m = 49.2 x 10-3 kg and k =


857.8 N/m, if c = 0.11 kg/s. Determine the damping ratio of the
spring mass system.
12
Solution

13
Natural Frequency and Equation of Motion

14

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