DETAILED LESSON PLAN

School Bagamanoc Central Elementary Grade Level 4

School
Teacher Bianca A. Bernardo Learning Area Science
Time & 9:00 – 10:30am Quarter Fourth Quarter
date

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards
The learners demonstrate understanding of the different
types of soil and their properties, and their role in
supporting plant growth.

B. Performance Standards The learners should be able to observe and investigate soil
samples to identify their types based on characteristics.

C. Learning Competencies /
objectives. Write the LC (LC Code: S4ES-IVa-1) Compare and contrast the
code for each. characteristics of different types of soil.

At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:

C- Identify and contrast the properties (particle size,

texture, and water drainage) of sand, clay, silt, and loam.
P-Differentiate the four soil types through hands-on
observation and testing.
A- Appreciate the importance of soil as a natural resource
by demonstrating care in handling samples and explaining
how proper soil selection contributes to successful
gardening and food security.

II. CONTENT
Theme: -Investigating the Natural World.
Lesson Focus: -Properties and characteristics of different types of soil
( Sand, clay, silt, loam).

III. LEARNING
A. References

1. Teacher’s Guide pages Science Grade 4 Teacher’s Guide (2015), Pages 290, 297

2. Learner’s Materials pages Science Grade 4 Learner’s Material (2015), Pages 249-
250

3. Textbook pages K-12 Basic Education Curriculum, Science 4 Learners

Material
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4. Additional materials from DepEd LR Portal, Lesson Guide on Soil Types (S4ES-Iva-
learning resources (LR) 1)
portal
B. Other Learning Resources •Science 4 Learner's Material (for reference/reading)
•Picture of plants thriving/struggling in the four kinds of
soil (Sand, Clay, Silt, Loam).
•A real sample of plants that are in the different soils (for
initial observation).
•Real-life samples of the 4 different soils (Sand, Clay, Silt,
Loam) in labeled cups.
•Water (in a container/sprayer).
•Paper and pen (for written activity).

IV. PROCEDURES Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. Reviewing the
previous lesson Good morning class! Good morning teacher!
or presenting the
new lesson How are you today? Were fine teacher

Great. Now let’s stand and pray

Are you all ready? Okay. “Yes, we are ready!

Before we start our lesson, I would like

you to know our classroom rules. Let
us read them together.

1. Listen carefully to the teacher.

2. Raise your hand if you want to
answer.
3. Keep quiet and be respectful.
4. Do not talk to your seatmate
while the lesson is going on.
Yes, Ma’am
Can I count on you to follow these
rules in our classroom?

Okay now let’s do a short recap of

what we’ve learned last meeting

• What is the material that covers earth

‘s surface where plants grow? “Soil! Ma’am/ Sir”

“ It helps plant grow, its

• Why soil is important to us?
where we build house,”
etc…
“Very Good!”

Shows pictures or real plants grown in

[Link] a different kinds of soil.
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purpose for the

lesson "Okay (Class), look at these plant
samples.

“What do you notice about the plants?”

- “Some plants look

“Which plant looks healthy? Which healthy, and some look
looks weak?” weak.”

“Why do you think some plants grow -“The healthy plant is

better than others?” green and tall.”

- “Because they are

planted in different kinds
“Very good!” okay. of soil.”
“Plants grow differently because they
are planted in different kinds of soil.
Today, our lesson is about the different
types of soil—sand, clay, silt, and
loam. We will learn how to identify
their characteristics and find out which
soil is best for growing plants.”

-Students listen and

“To help us understand this better, let prepare for the next
us observe and touch different soil activity.
samples in our next activity.”

[Link] •(Show the four labeled cups of soil:

examples / sand, clay, silt, loam)
instances of the
new lesson Figure1. Sand
Figure2. Clay
Figure3. Silt
Figure4. Loam

“We have four (4) different types of

soil here. We will learn to tell them (Listening)
apart using our senses, just like real
scientists!”

-Our lesson today is “The different

types of soil.”

“Today, you will become Soil

D. Discussing new Detectives. You will use your hands
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concepts and and eyes to discover the different kinds

practicing new of soil.”
skills #1

"But first, let's read the description of

sand, clay, silt and loam in your - All students are
Science Learner's Material." reading the description of
the different kinds of soil
Short descriptions:

Sand – “Sand has large particles. It

feels rough and gritty when touched,
and water passes through it quickly.”

Clay – “Clay has very small particles.

It feels sticky when wet and can hold a
lot of water.”

Silt – “Silt has fine particles. It feels

smooth and soft like powder when
touched.”

Loam – “Loam is a mixture of sand,

silt, and clay. It feels crumbly and is
good for growing plants.”

“Okay class, I will group you into 4

groups, we will have a short activity
entitled Flash Cards Up! I will give
each group four flash cards labeled
sand, clay, silt, and loam. Once the
members of each group have touched
and observed the material on the table,
they should immediately return to their
group and raise the flash card with the
correct answer.

Do you understand? “Yes, teacher!”

Okay before we start the activity lets

have a quick review

-Which soil do you think feels rough? Rough and gritty – Sand

-Which soil do you think is best for Sticky when wet – Clay
plants?
Smooth and soft – Silt

Crumbly and balanced –

Loam
Very good! I can see that you really
listened carefully. Good job!
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“In your groups, carefully touch the -Students touch the soil
soil samples in the labeled cups and samples and make
raise your flash cards” guesses.

-Touch each soil carefully.

-Close your eyes while touching the

soil.
Students share their
-Guess the soil type based on how it answers with the group.
feels.

-Check the label to see if your guess is

correct.

Item 1 Picture ning clay

Item 2 Picture ning slit
Item 3Picture ning loam
Item 4 Picture ning Sand

“Which soil do you think will absorb

E. Discussing new water the fastest?”
concepts and
practicing new “I will pour the water and same
skills #2 amount on each sample cups of
different soils and try to observe and
count slowly 1 to 10 and after
observing write what you observe in
each cups.”
-“Water passes quickly –
Sand”
-“Water stays and
becomes sticky – Clay”
-“Water is absorbed well –
Loam”

(Pupils listen and answer)

F. Developing • Connecting Size and Drainage:
mastery (leads to
Formative “If Sand has huge gaps between ("The water rushes out
Assessment 3) particles, what happens to water quickly!" / "Water
retention?” retention is very poor.")

• Connecting Clay and Drainage:

("The roots can drown

“If Clay has tiny particles, how does it because they can't get
affect plant roots if it holds too much enough air (oxygen)."
water?”
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• Synthesis: Teacher confirms:

“So, Sand is bad because plants dry (Students nod,

out, and Clay is bad because plants can understanding the
drown,” extremes.)

[Link] (clay problem):

G. Finding practical
applications of "Imagine your family wants to plant a
concept and skills mango tree, but the soil in your (Pupil’s Answer)
in daily living backyard is pure Clay.

- What problem will the clay soil ("The water won't drain,
cause?" and the roots might rot.")

2. Solution:

- "What could you add to the sticky

clay soil to help it drain better?"

( "We could add Sand or

compost.")

3. Farmer's Choice:

- "Why would spending more money

for Loam soil be a better choice for a
vegetable garden than using free,
nearby Sand?" ("Loam soil is better
because the plants will
grow taller and we won't
have to water them
constantly.")

H. Making
generalizations
and skills in daily
living “Based on our tests, what is the main
difference between sand and clay?”
(Pupil’s Answer)

“Look back at the plant samples and

the picture. Why did the plant in the
sandy soil look weak, while the one in
the loam looked strong?”
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How can particle size, texture, and

water drainage help us identify
different types of soil?

Why do sand, clay, silt, and loam drain

water differently?

How does proper soil selection help in

successful gardening and food
security?

If a farmer uses only clay soil for all

plants, what problems might happen
and why?

What is the 4 different types of Soil?

I. Evaluating Directions: Read each question

learning carefully. Choose the best answer.
Write the letter of your answer on your
answer sheet.
Questions:

1. Which soil type has the largest particles

and allows water to pass through very C
quickly?
A. Clay
B. Silt
C. Sand
D. Loam
2. Which soil feels sticky when wet and holds B
water for a long time?
A. Sand
B. Clay
C. Silt
D. Loam
3. Which soil has medium-sized particles and
feels smooth like flour when rubbed between
fingers?
B
A. Sand
B. Silt
C. Clay
D. Loam
4. Why is loam soil considered best for
gardening?
C
A. It only has sand
B. It only has clay
C. It has a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay
D. It drains water too quickly
5. During a hands-on test, a student squeezes
wet soil and it forms a ball but breaks easily.
Which soil is this? C
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A. Sand
B. Clay
C. Silt
D. Loam
6. If water drains very quickly from a soil
sample during a test, which soil is it likely? B
A. Clay
B. Sand
C. Silt
D. Loam
7. Which activity helps students best identify
soil types? A
A. Observing texture and drainage
B. Guessing by color
C. Copying definitions from the board
D. Smelling the soil
8. How should students handle soil samples
properly during a hands-on activity? C
A. Mix them together
B. Throw them away after use
C. Handle carefully and return to proper
containers
D. Step on them
9. Why is choosing the proper soil important
for planting?
A. It makes plants grow slower B
B. It helps plants grow healthy and productive
C. It makes soil heavier
D. It changes soil color
10. How does understanding soil properties B
contribute to food security?
A. It prevents planting mistakes
B. It helps select soil that supports healthy
crop growth
C. It reduces soil use
D. It avoids farming
DETAILED LESSON PLAN