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Engine Valve Distribution System Explained

The document outlines the distribution system in four-stroke engines, detailing its components such as valves, camshaft, pushers, and push rods, which regulate gas entry and exit. It describes the function of each component and the methods of controlling the distribution system, including gears, chains, and timing belts. The document emphasizes the importance of these elements in synchronizing valve operation with the crankshaft rotation.

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9 views12 pages

Engine Valve Distribution System Explained

The document outlines the distribution system in four-stroke engines, detailing its components such as valves, camshaft, pushers, and push rods, which regulate gas entry and exit. It describes the function of each component and the methods of controlling the distribution system, including gears, chains, and timing belts. The document emphasizes the importance of these elements in synchronizing valve operation with the crankshaft rotation.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Distribution system

Distribution

The distribution can be defined as the


set of elements needed for
regulate the entry and exit of gases from the
cylinder of four engines
times. To achieve this, it acts by opening and
closing the valves at the times of
synchronized intake and exhaust
with the crankshaft rotation.
Components

The elements that make up the distribution are the following: -


Valves
Levers.
Pushers
Rocking chairs.
Push barrels
Valves

The valves of the engines


internal combustion are the organs
that control the admission and the
escape of gases in the chamber
of combustion through its
opening and closing.
The valves during their
functioning is subject to
withstand the generated temperatures
during combustion and a
average working temperature of
about 700º to 800º C in the valve of
escape from about 200º to 300º C in the
intake valve.
Camshaft

The camshaft or cam axis is the


engine component that controls the
opening and closing of the valves of
admission and escape.
It is made up of a steel shaft
forged and cemented carbon in
the cam shafts that are machined
for the opening of the valves and
others to give movement to others
organs.
The camshaft receives motion
from the crankshaft.
The speed of the tree's rotation
the lever is less than that of the crankshaft, in
general media return every two
turns in a complete cycle.
Pushers

It is one of the elements


interposed between the lever and the
valve stem.
The pushers too
called taqués, are some glasses
cylinders that have the mission
to transform the movement
camshaft rotor in
rectilinear motion
moving the direct valve or
indirectly through
auxiliary mechanisms.
Balancers

They have the mission to transform the


linear movement of the pusher
or in its case, the circular of the lever,
in an oscillatory movement with
the one who acts directly the
valve.
They are generally built
in steel or aluminum alloy.
At one of its ends
there is normally a device
that allows the regulation of
valve game. The rocking balance is the one usually used.
when the camshaft is located in the block.
Swinging rockers or semi-rockers are used
when the camshaft is located in the cylinder head.
Push rods

The push rod is a


intermediate element that is
mount between the pusher and the
rocking chair; its mission is to transport
the linear motion of
pusher to the rocker
for it to transform it into
oscillatory.
They are built of steel.
carbon or included in
special alloys with
titanium, in order to lighten its
weight and avoid inertia.
Distribution controls

The distribution command system essentially depends on the


situation of the camshaft, of the constructive possibility and of the space
Physical. The systems used in the engines are:
Of gears.
Of chain.
Of toothed belt.
By gears

In gear systems, a
solidarity gear to the crankshaft and at least one more
solidarity to the camshaft that has a double number
of teeth than that of the crankshaft. It can also be
to use a gear kinematic chain,
this is sometimes used to give movement to
different auxiliary organs (oil pump,
power steering pump, fuel injection pump
diesel engines, etc.).
By chain

The command system of distribution by chain


rollers are used to transmit the movement to
camshaft, to better adapt to the physical space
of the engine besides being able to operate various components
auxiliares a la vez. Cuando la longitud de la cadena
it is relatively long, a tensor is fitted for
maintain a constant operating voltage.
The chain is tensioned by an adjustable spring or
through the pressure of the lubricant (tension)
hydraulic)
By timing belt

The timing belts were


introduced by their greater simplicity of
construction and for the reduced noise of
operation.
They are made of printed neoprene
with internal reinforcement of fibers and coated with
a fabric resistant to abrasion.
The fibers ensure stability
longitudinal, neoprene constitutes the part
tooth elastic, while the
The coating serves to protect the belt.

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