MONITORED STUDY ACTIVITIES

DATA FROM OCTOBER 26 TO NOVEMBER 21/2020

SCHOOL:.................................................. PROFESSOR:.........................................
ALUNO:.......................................... ANO: 6ºTURMA:...... DISCIPLINA: Ciências

21st CLASS

Reading and understanding the text:

Let's learn who controls your body and the body of all animals!!
Most animals live in constant motion. At every moment, commands
are sent so that the body performs various actions. The control of actions exists to
maintain the functioning of the organism. Everything happens so quickly that the
consciousness cannot identify all the phases.
Nervous System
The Nervous System is responsible for controlling the functions of a body, it is the representation of a
communication network between organisms.
It is composed of a set of organs that have the function of capturing messages, stimuli and
understand each of them. By understanding these stimuli, the nervous system is able to store this
information and turn it into answers, whether movements, sensations, or observations.
There are two types of nervous system: Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

The Central Nervous System is composed of the brain and

through the spinal cord.

Brain: Weighs on average 1.5 kilograms; It is located in the

cranial cavity; It has three main organs:

Brainstem
Present in the lower region of the brain;
It directs the nerve impulses from the brain to the spinal cord, and the same happens in the opposite direction;
Responsible for the production of nerve impulses that control respiratory movements,
heartbeats and the reflexes that the body has, such as coughing, swallowing, and even sneezing.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum controls the indispensable movements of the body; It maintains the body's balance;
Responsible for regulating the degree of muscle contraction at rest.
Brain
The most important and voluminous organ of the nervous system; It occupies the largest space in the brain; It is
divided into two equal parts, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere; The cerebral cortex is the layer
external of the brain and contains several indentations, being responsible for vision, thought, touch, hearing,
speech, taste, writing, among others; It is in the brain that actions (conscious and unconscious), of memory,
reasoning, intelligence, and imagination are originated.
Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is located within the vertebral column; It is a cord of nerve tissue;
It is connected to the brainstem; It conducts nerve impulses; It coordinates involuntary actions,
also called reflections.
1
 The Peripheral Nervous System is composed of the nerves that derive from the brain and the spinal cord.
spinal. Its main function is to connect the central nervous system with the rest of the body.
The existing nerves are the cranial and spinal nerves:
Cranial Nerves
12 pairs that originate from the brain;
They transmit sensory or motor messages;
They mainly concentrate on the head and neck.
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs of nerves originate from the spinal cord;
They are composed of sensory and motor neurons.
The peripheral nervous system can be classified into the somatic nervous system, which regulates actions.
voluntary and autonomic nervous system, which is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Let's complete the questions to understand the content:

1 - What system is responsible for controlling the movements of the skeletal and muscular systems and all the
others actions do body human?
__________________________________________________________________
2 - What are the functions of the organs of the nervous system? _____________________________________________
3 - If you receive a caress, that touch will be perceived by your body. Which parts of the nervous system
Do you participate in the transmission of this information, which goes from your skin to the brain?
__________________________
4 - In which part of the body is the brain located?
_________________________________________________
5 - What is it, what is it? The largest organ of the nervous system, it occupies almost the entire cranial cavity.
6 - The nervous system is specialized in receiving and interpreting information from the environment controlling the
responses that vary significantly according to the type of stimulus.
In this system, the organ responsible for the maintenance of body equilibrium is called:
A) bulb.
B) cerebellum.
C) brain.
D) medulla.
7- This text serves only to show how our brain
can do amazing things! Look at this! At the beginning
it was a bit complicated, your mind will decipher the code almost
automatically, without needing to think much, right? Your ability
deserves, congratulations!

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

22nd CLASS

Let's understand a little more about the nervous system.

Nervous System
We all feel hunger, thirst, smells, sounds, pain. All
these sensations are produced from stimuli of a system
very important in our body, the nervous system. To hear the
like the sound of a singing bird, it is necessary for the ear to capture the
vibrations of this sound and send a nervous stimulus to the brain. There
it is decoded and interpreted. Thus, one hears the sound. But this
It happens in thousandths of a second, let's find out how?

Composition of a neuron

2
 Our nervous system is made up of nerve cells called neurons, which are composed
by
Dendrites: small filaments that receive impulses from other neurons;
•Axônio: filamento alongado e fino da célula. Transmite os impulsos nervosos;
• Cell body: where the cell nucleus is located;
•Myelin sheath: myelin is an insulating substance produced by the axon that serves to
increase the transmission speed of the impulses.
Between neurons, there is a small space called the synapse. When the nerve impulse reaches
the axon, there is the release of substances (neurotransmitters) at the synapses. These substances cause
changes at the ends of other cells, causing a new nerve impulse, passing quickly
from one cell to another.
There are three types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
association.
Sensory neurons receive stimuli from the sensory organs (sight, smell, hearing, taste
and takes them to the central nervous system to be decoded and interpreted. The neurons
motors take the responses of the central nervous system to the muscles or other organs to be
executed.

Activities:
Mark the correct alternative:
1) The cells have different shapes and structures for each type of cell specialty. Axon and
Dendrites are structures belonging to cells of the tissue:
A) muscular B) epithelial C) nervous D) bony
2) The region of interaction between neurons and between neurons and organs, where chemical transmission occurs.
electric impulses are called:
A) desmosomes B) axon C) myelin sheath D) synapse
3) The path that, in general, a nerve impulse follows along a neuron is:
A) dendrite ----> cell body -----> axon
B) cell body ----> axon ----> dendrite
C) axon ----> dendrite -----> cell body
D) dendrite ----> axon ----> cell body

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

23rd CLASS

1 - Read the text carefully and we will review the content of lessons 21 and 22 to complete the questions.

Diseases of the nervous system

There are some diseases that can affect the nervous system, causing various damages to it.
functioning of the organism. This happens because neurons do not divide. When they die, due to
from a trauma or due to the effect of toxins, are not replaced. This is why these diseases are
neurodegenerative calls.
Among the main diseases of the nervous system, we can mention Alzheimer, Parkinson, sclerosis.
multiple, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), epilepsy, and Huntington's disease, as well as neoplasms and
psychiatric dysfunctions. With the increase in the life expectancy of the population, the emergence of these
diseases must become increasingly greater.
The use of drugs directly affects the performance of the nervous system functions.
next class).

2 - Shall we remember??
A) What is the nervous system?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
B) What is the organ that controls the nervous system? Explain:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
C) What nerves make up the peripheral nervous system?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
D) What is the function of the central nervous system?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
E) What did you understand about the nervous systems (In your own words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

24ª AULA

Drugs are considered substances

psychoactive substances used to produce changes
Drug is anything and everything in sensations, in the degree of consciousness or in
substance, natural or emotional state, whether intentional or not.
synthetic, which, introduced Often, we consider drugs the
illegal products, such as marijuana, cocaine, and the
in the organism, modifies
crack; however, from a health perspective, many
suas funções legalized substances can also be
dangerous, like alcohol, cigarettes, and some others
medications.

Shall we start? Do you know any type of drug? If so, which ones?
_______________________________________________________________________

According to the criterion of legality, we can identify two large groups of drugs: legal ones
and illicit.

Effects of substances on the nervous system

Drugs can be depressants, stimulants, or disruptors of the nervous system's activity.
central, whose main organ is the brain.
Depressants - decrease brain activity, leaving the individual 'disconnected'. They reduce tension.
emotional, attention, concentration, memory, and intellectual capacity. They can cause drowsiness,
intoxication and even coma. Alcohol, barbiturates (sleeping pills), and anxiolytics (tranquilizers) are depressants.
4
the sedatives (calming agents), opium and morphine, syrups and cough drops, and inhalants or solvents (glues,
inks, removers). They are drugs Psychoactive substances that decrease mental activity. Such drugs affect
the brain, causing it to function more slowly. They decrease attention, concentration, the
emotional tension and intellectual capacity. Examples: anxiolytics (tranquilizers), alcohol, inhalants (glue)
narcotics (morphine, heroin).
Stimulants increase brain activity, making the person feel 'wired', 'electric'.
The main ones are amphetamines, nicotine (found in cigarettes), and cocaine, which typically inhibit
the sensations of hunger, tiredness, and sleepiness, which can produce states of excitement and increased anxiety.
Disturbing – also called hallucinogenic, they modify the quality of brain activity.
that start functioning abnormally. They alter perception and thought and produce hallucinations and
delusions. The main ones are marijuana, ecstasy, and LSD 25.
There are still anabolic steroids, used to increase muscle strength, which can cause
hypertension, liver tumors, impotence, baldness, heart attack.

Observe charges 1 and 2:

1 -Na charge qual a droga é considerada lícita e qual é considerada ilícita? _____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Which part of the nervous system is affected by drug use? Besides dependence, cite other harms.
caused by drug use:____________________________________________________________