Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Ministry of Popular Power for Defense

National Experimental Polytechnic University

From the National Armed Forces

UNEFA

Sucre_Nucleus

REPORT ON

THE

STUDY TECHNIQUES

Professor:

XXXXXXXXX

High school graduate:

Sister Carla Maneiro

CI: 25.352.618

Cumana, April 2020

 INTRODUCTION

This program is designed to serve as a tool for development.

student's autonomy, so that they can orient and reflect on their status
Be aware of your strengths and know your weaknesses in the challenges you face.

In this age, it has been important to know how to study, but now it is
it is essential to think that education is a process like life itself that
we must be on a continuous advance, now that knowledge is increasing
speed, the important thing is to know how to connect knowledge, improve the way
to search for information, to know how to improve concepts and to know how to use strategies
to solve any problem.

The subject study techniques is important because the future scientist

in education, learn to use correctly the tools that it provides you
for good book management and study methods that facilitate its
learning and comprehension of reading, thus achieving young people
dynamic and researchers who serve the future for the Cruceña society and
national, if we always keep in mind the usefulness and importance of study to
to be excellent professionals and to live better, with this program we want
support you for what we ask you to let yourself be guided by the orientations and
activities that contains hoping it is of great importance suitable
for your study teaching process.

The student's personal organization on how to study and where to study

when studying, it allows for a good quality of learning this means a
true study process which can only be achieved through understanding
For the knowledge to do this, it is necessary for the student to have skills.
of study, that is to say, use good methods and study techniques as well as a good
Quality learning fosters very good quality students and
competitiveness.
 DEVELOPMENT

What are study techniques?

They are a series of strategies, procedures, or methods that are implemented

in practice to acquire learning, helping to facilitate the process of
memorization and study, to improve academic performance. Learning
it can be related to the management of theoretical content or the development of
skills to master an activity

It is essential to understand that there is no single study strategy.

and miraculous. Every person has to learn at their own pace.
and method. However, the studies conducted in this area have allowed
to know different techniques that, when put into practice, facilitate
considerably the apprehension of knowledge.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDY TECHNIQUES

The use of study techniques has always been important since the
antiquity. If we go back to primitive age, the ancient primates
they learned by observing nature, they learned by experimenting, throwing into
losing, making mistakes perfect their learning about the activities
work-related. They learned by imitating, feeling, smelling, touching, listening, seeing.
and doing. In those times there were no books. In other words, they learned without
method, and since they had no method it took them months, years to learn. Today
Nowadays, learning is much faster due to the existence and the
discovery of a variety of techniques. That is why there is much talk about that
knowledge has advanced by leaps and bounds. In the sacred scriptures already
it had been anticipated that during these times science would increase. And
How has human knowledge increased so quickly? With the use
suitable study techniques. Do you know how Abraham Lincoln
he learned to speak well in public. It was simple, he used five techniques at the same time.
time: experimentation, self-learning, exposure, signing up, the
reflection and reading aloud. When I was a child, I always read aloud. Already
when he was young, at a certain historical moment he was invited to give a speech
a speech before crowds on the abolition of black slavery
United States. Before this task, he knew that the memory of man
it was fragile, therefore, to build his message he had to reflect
every day and when a good idea arose while he was pasting his
livestock, I quickly noted it down on pieces of paper and kept it in my
top hat. He did not waste time. And when there was already a good amount
he assembled the messages on pieces of paper, classified them, and started to
write. And before appearing in public, he did it in front of his sheep. He would climb up
to a small mound of stones and began to give them a speech
burning to his pretty sheep. And that for what? To gain trust and
to become familiar and control your fear. And when the moment of truth arrived,
his messages reached the heart and mind of friends and enemies. A
good learning technique without a doubt, I use five study techniques: the
experimentation, self-learning, exposure, signing, reflection and the
reading aloud. Now to learn how to speak in public is not necessary
travel to our village and climb up the stones and give a speech to the
little lambs, otherwise this is learned in daily practice; with friends, in conversations,
seminars, debates, among others.

With the invention of the printing press in the late 15th century and with the first
there was a need and urgency to create learning techniques, because
if those first books were not difficult to understand. To write a news report and
to capture the attention of diverse audiences, the early journalists had
certain difficulty, at that time the techniques of journalistic titling did not exist,
or the techniques to grab attention with the first paragraph called the lead,
lead. In other words, both in journalism and in football,
gastronomy, in the construction of houses, war and love, etc.
techniques were imperfect or underdeveloped. The same happened in the
study techniques. But with the advancement of knowledge and logically of the
technology, the techniques also progressed and improved
widely.

DISTINCTION BETWEEN STUDY STRATEGY AND TECHNIQUE

STUDY.

The following are:

A study strategy is a behavior plan to do

in front of the material we need to study.
A technique is a tool to continue with that plan.

For example: if we were to take a trip to cross the country, our

strategy would be the travel plan; where we are going to pass, in which cities or
we are going to stop, what are we going to do when we get there and the
the path we are going to take to get to that place.

While techniques would be our instruments to undertake that journey.

what we have planned; our car that allows us to reach a city, the
mountain bike that allows us to take that excursion, or that bus to
return home when we cannot take the car.

IMPORTANCE OF STUDY TECHNIQUES.

Study techniques are important because they are used to

to design all the strategies that a student of any education level
can be carried out to achieve the best results in your studies.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY TECHNIQUES

Provide the student with basic techniques that will help them when it comes to
to study and present their work, with the aim of improving their performance
academic. Allow the student to evaluate their current study techniques and
present new strategies that are useful for studying.

BENEFITS OF STUDYING TECHNIQUES

They will go through their academic life with the assurance that they will learn and
They will pass their exams. It doesn't matter at what level they are.

They will become excellent researchers because they will have a technique
very well tested to do it.

They will enjoy their studies because they will gain possession of the information.
that they are exposed to and will know how to apply them in their daily lives.

Conflicts with your teachers and with you as parents will be avoided because
they will know how to fulfill their roles as disciplined and organized students.

5.- They will manage the latest and most modern learning strategies and
all available means to learn. (In other words,
THEY WILL LEARN TO LEARN.

They will successfully face exams and academic presentations. (including

materias difíciles que consideran ( " su coco " ) matemáticas, química, física
.etc.

7.- They will learn to use their 9 intelligences and to plan their study times.
They will learn the difference between learning and studying.

They will know how to work in a team and solve problems of all kinds.
9.- It will provide you with Pride and Happiness for all the satisfactions that come from being
owner of the knowledge and information they are exposed to.

10.- They will be competent in KNOWING WELL, DOING WELL, AND BEING WELL.

WHAT ARE THE MAIN REASONS THAT LEAD YOU TO

STUDY?

Obligation or external pressure from someone.

Get good grades.
Not wanting to get you to work so soon.
For not having anything better to do; if you didn't study, you would be bored.
Get a profession where you earn a lot of money.
Society needs well-trained individuals to transform it and
improve it.
Vocation for a profession that you like and excites you.
As a general rule or routine, almost everyone does it.
Certain recognition and social prestige
Feeling good about yourself and not like a failure
Society or the system is organized like this.
Affection
Among others.

TYPES OF STUDY TECHNIQUES.

We will mention 12 common study techniques that are:

1. Underline the important:

This is one of the most well-known study methods. You should emphasize
the most significant parts of the text using colors, a highlighter, markers,
etc. Before doing the underlining, you must read and understand the text.

2. Take your own notes:

This is one of the most well-known study habits. It is about

summarize the most important points in our own words to remember them.
Keep in mind that you must not leave out any key data. You can do it by
traditional way with pencil and paper or use online tools that allow you to
make digital notes such as: Quickoffice, Penultimate, Squid, Simplenote
y Moleskine Journal.
3. Mind maps:

This is a very effective technique on how to study better that you

they teach in school. A mind map summarizes and organizes our ideas. If it
we do well, it can save us many hours of study and ensure us
get a good grade on the exam. You can elaborate it yourself by hand or
use digital tools like Mindmanager, XMind, Coggle, Freemind,
Goconqr, among others.

4. Study cards:

If you want to assimilate concrete data such as dates, numbers, or vocabulary

you must follow this learning method. It is useful to use them in subjects that
includes the use of numbers or learning another language. Here a process is carried out
of memorization but fun. Flashcards can be made manually
or through apps like Cram, Quizlet, Flashcard Machine, etc. that can
develop from your mobile or PC.

5. Exercises and practical cases:

Has it ever happened to you that you didn't understand the theory or technique of any
subject just by reading it?

Doing exercises or solving practical cases are very useful for

to simplify a theory in a more straightforward way. This especially applies in
courses related to Finance, Accounting, Statistics, Business, Physics
and all those that show problems and numbers. By solving them, we will be able to
understand the application of the theory.

6. Test:

Taking tests in the days leading up to the exam is an excellent way to

review and prepare for the big day. Here we will be able to check in which area
we are good and which ones we need to learn. We can also share tests
with our colleagues and discover important details that we have omitted.

7. Brainstorming:

Hold a group meeting and brainstorm about a

the determined topic is one of the most useful study methods at the moment
to carry out group work. Having different ideas and perspectives helps to
resolve doubts and get to the bottom of the subject if you are preparing
For an exam. This technique is highly recommended.

8. Mnemonic Rules:

If you want to memorize lists and sets, you will like this technique. Only
you have to associate concepts with others that are more familiar to you. For
For example, the word CHON is used to remember the following elements of the
tabla periódica: Carbono, Hidrógeno, Oxígeno y Nitrógeno.

9. Organize the study:

Another technique you can use to learn to study better is

develop a calendar and take into account your objectives and the time you have
available. You can schedule it on your own phone, link it to Google
Calendar with alerts or simply make one by hand and put it in a place.
visible from your desktop.

10. Image-based methods:

The method for memorizing with drawings consists of using your own
drawings to visually represent your ideas. The created images
they must be incorporated as mental images that will guide the memory of
the elements that express and can be:

The figurative representation (for concrete ideas: the heart is

represent it by drawing it schematically.

La relación semántica (para ideas abstractas): defensa se puede

represent with a shield.

The linguistic similarity: rate is represented by drawing a cup.

The relationship by free or spontaneous association: Peru can be

represent by drawing the citadel of Machu Picchu.

Sometimes it is easier to associate concepts with images or drawings. If

If this is easy for you, you can make it one of your study habits.

11. Create online forums to prepare for the exam:

 Another way to learn to study using new technologies would be
through the virtual campuses of the institutions or web spaces like
Blogger (by Google) or Facebook, the student can create forums to propose
different questions about the subject that will be tested and to encourage that the
the rest of the students participate to give the best answer.

COGNITIVE SKILLS AND STUDY TECHNIQUES

A work technique is associated with a learning strategy.

previously considering different factors that intervene; it is sought
Obtain a strategic, effective, and appropriate action. There is no study technique.
perfect; a technique is a specific tool and, before applying it, one must
It is necessary to identify the cognitive skill to be developed.

10. TECHNIQUES THAT LEAD TO KNOWLEDGE

Types of observation and techniques to apply:

a) Self-observation (subject and object focus on oneself).

b) Direct observation (the fact or element is observed in its natural place)

of action).

c) Indirect observation (the observations of other people are taken advantage of or

records).

MEMORIZATION-BASED METHODS: ESSAY AND

MACHINE LEARNING

One of the most basic strategies for learning anything

information is simply repeating it over and over again. It generally includes,
read the notes or a textbook and rewrite the first ones.

METHODS BASED ON COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Skills such as reading, listening, and visualizing. The weakness of

mechanized learning implies passive reading or listening style
passive. Educators like John Dewey have argued that students
they need to learn to use critical thinking - to question and weigh
evidences as they learn. This can be done during attendance at
conferences or when books are read.
 POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES OR FACTORS THAT INTERVENE IN
STUDY TECHNIQUES

The noise: The place chosen for studying must be as free as possible
possible distractions and of course noises; it must be the room
the quietest room in the house; if this is not possible, a solution could be
the one of going to a public library where, in addition to silence, there
You can find all the necessary support material.
The study area requires minimal furniture:
1. The study table: Essential for studying, the more
great, better. It allows us to do active study, taking notes,
which favors attention and reinforces learning. About it
will orderly place all the material to be used during the
study time and everything that can be removed from the table will be
distract and hinder.
2. The study chair: It is advisable that it is made of a rigid metal.
(wood or iron), with a straight backrest and a height proportionate to
the table to avoid back leaning and achieve a
appropriate distance of the book from our eyes.
3. The shelf: Books and other items should be placed on it.
study materials, to have everything organized and at hand
material.
A bulletin board: Located in a very visible place, where it can be found
all the information that is usually needed: class schedule, dates
of evaluations, commitments with friends, etc.
5. The temperature: Neither too cold nor too hot. The ideal range is from 20 to 22º C.
that neither intense cold nor high heat facilitate studying. Any
extreme negatively affects performance.
6. Ventilation: Closed and poorly ventilated spaces decrease
the mental effectiveness as a charged atmosphere dulls and produces
headache. Good ventilation is important, which is why it
recommend, whenever possible, to study by the window
open or slightly open.
7. The lighting: Our eyes lose some of their effectiveness when
The hours of study pass. Their effort depends greatly,
measure of the lighting used. The best lighting is the
natural. If artificial light is unavoidable, it is preferable that it be
indirect, that is, reflected from any screen. Artificial light
directly on the page creates an excessive contrast between light and shadows
and provokes a reflection on the eyes that produces an intense
fatigue.
 STUDY PLANNING IN STUDY TECHNIQUES

The study planning Each person must find their method

study staff, for this, it must have good planning.
Some key ideas for daily planning are:

the study, like any work, must be planned

conveniently for it to be effective.
With good planning, learning is more effective and takes less time.
In life, time must be allocated to everything.
d) The available time for studying has to be determined.
e) Time must be allocated according to the difficulty or importance of the
task.
f) Time has to be reserved for friends and other activities.

It's about achieving maximum performance in the shortest time possible,

at the right moment and with minimal effort and energy loss. For
Hello, we cite some useful ideas:

a) Remove from the work table everything that could distract or hinder.
b) Examine the tasks to be performed (work, studies...).
c) Make an approximate calculation of the time that each one may need
they
d) Start with the most difficult tasks and leave the easier ones for last.
e) Do not study subjects that may interfere with each other, for example: two languages.
followed.
f) Seek to relate similar studies.

It is already known that a good study plan must be:

a) Realistic: adapted to the person and the available time.

b) Flexible and revisable, that can be modified.
c) Made to fit each person.
Simple and practical, that helps to study clearly.

STUDY METHOD IN STUDY TECHNIQUES.

The steps to follow to study effectively and learn

they are the following:
 [Link]: Almost everything that is learned is through reading, hence the
the importance of knowing one's own limitations when it comes to
to read.

Phases that should be carried out while reading:

a) Recognition: It is the understanding of the meaning of each one of the

words of the text. This phase should be done with the dictionary nearby and
search for the words that are not known.
b) Organization: Once the meaning of the words is known,
phrases, etc., should be organized conveniently to understand the
content of what is written.
c) Elaboration: It is to recreate what has been written according to our way of
think. Try to ensure that when read, it makes complete sense.
d) Evaluation: It consists of making an assessment between what the topic says and
what the text says that has been prepared, rectifying what is considered
that has flaws.

When studying, reading should be done in two stages:

a) Quick reading: To understand what it is about and it will also serve as

preheating. It serves to obtain a general idea of the text.
b) Close reading: formulating questions for each section and seeking
in the dictionary2 the vocabulary that you do not know. It serves to extract the
basic ideas, relate them and capture the important.

One must learn to read quickly, but above all understanding what
it is read.

When reading, one must separate 'the wheat from the chaff', that is
main idea of the secondaries. In each paragraph there is usually an idea.
mainly, which summarizes what we want to convey, along with that, normally,
the 'important details' appear, which are phrases that support, deny,
complete, enrich, etc., the main idea.

it is essential to have a dictionary on the study table,

since there may be technical terms that we do not understand. It's interesting to go
taking note of these words, as we will probably return to
find them, and in addition, this way a
personal dictionary.

Reading has two basic objectives:

Understanding what is read.

Do it in the shortest time possible.

There are some causes that hinder good reading:

Vocalization: This defect consists of moving the lips, pronouncing words.
while reading silently. It's not about reading words, but ideas.
This habit can be corrected by placing a pencil or pen between the lips.

Mental repetitions: It consists of mentally repeating the words that are

To correct it, it is necessary to read as quickly as possible, in a way
so that the mind doesn’t have time to repeat the words.

Regressions: It consists of frequently going back to see

new what has been read. To correct it, it is advisable to cover it with a card or
line up the lines from left to right as you read.

2. UNDERLINE: It is defined as: "to highlight the most important of a

written", achieving a synthesis of the main and secondary ideas for
facilitate their study.

WHY SHOULD IT BE UNDERLINED?

You save a lot of time and avoid distractions.

Do active study.
Facilitates understanding.
It helps the scheme because it allows for very good synthesis.

How should you underline?

Highlighting what is wanted.

Con una raya por debajo.
Closing in a circle what matters.
Pointing with a line at the margin.
With fluorescent markers.

WHAT SHOULD BE UNDERLINED?

The main ideas, the secondary ones, the data, dates, and names
important and technical terms.
The answers to the questions of the preliminary exam.

WHEN SHOULD YOU UNDERLINE?

After carefully reading each paragraph.

 In summary, everything important should be underlined, but only that
important.
Everything underlined can be read with a sense and relationship to each other.
even if it's like a telegram.

3. THE SCHEME: A scheme will be well done when it gathers the ideas
most important aspects of a topic in an organized and structured way to facilitate its
summary and memorization, with the minimum of words.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO MAKE SCHEMES?

It facilitates the understanding of the text.

Forces active studying.
Ayuda a ir a lo esencial y a exponer de manera sencilla lo complejo.
Helps with visual and tactile memory.
Help to review.
It provides us with synthesis and analysis of the contents.

WHAT SHOULD A SCHEME OFFER?

A quick and global overview of the topic.

The structure of the lesson is clear.
Organized ideas, presented concisely and, if possible,
with keywords.
Sufficient information.
It helps us understand, assimilate, and review the content of a
text.

STEPS TO FOLLOW TO MAKE A SCHEME

After reading the text, understanding its meaning and underlining the ideas.
main and secondary, it should be:

1. Study the relationships between these ideas.

2. Add subtitles to each subset of ideas.

3. Find the most suitable graphic form or type of scheme.

4. MEMORIZE, PRACTICE, REVIEW: The fourth step of a good method
from study is to memorize. Once the outline has been made, after having done
Reading and underlining is necessary to take ownership of the information and assimilate it.

When it comes to memory, it is known that what is remembered best is what

it is understood, what is selected and organized, what is related.

Within the memorization process, there are two clear moments:

1) Memorization of the scheme. This scheme is made:

a) Relating the title of the topic to the different headings or questions.

b) Relating the headings to each other.
c) Relating each heading to its content.

2) Presentation of the reading. Once the outline has been memorized, you must present it.
the complete theme, as follows:

a) Developing the scheme headline by headline.

b) Developing the complete scheme.

OTHER USEFUL ISSUES WHEN STUDYING

The practices reinforce the information.

Once the outline has been memorized and after having presented the topic
corresponding, the information has been assimilated, it has become one's own, it has
filed in memory. From now on, it must be avoided that the
lack of use of that information leads to its forgetting. An effective way to
avoiding it is through practice, that's why it's usual that after the explanation
On a topic, a series of exercises are practiced to reinforce their learning.

When faced with any type of exercise, one must take into account the
next

1. Read the text of the proposed exercise carefully.

2. Try to have enough information to be able to solve it well.
exercise.
3. Look at the type of exercise that needs to be done.
4. Check the solution of the exercise as soon as possible.
 CONCLUSION

To do the study well, just as to do anything well

To work, three things are needed: power, desire, and knowledge of how to do that work.
study.
To be able to study is to have intelligence and the rest of the human faculties.
It is undeniable that intelligence is closely related to academic success. In
equality of conditions a "smart" student gets better grades than their peers.
companions.
The desire to study is to have the wish and determination to acquire some
knowledge. There are students who, with normal intelligence, achieve
good results based on personal effort and dedicating the necessary time.
As important or more than intelligence is motivation or the desire to study.
Many students fail not due to lack of intelligence but due to disinterest, due to
apathy, for leaving work until the last moment, that is, due to lack of
motivation.

Knowing how to study is the third important factor to achieve good results.
performance. It may happen that a student has enough intelligence and
I dedicated a lot of time to studying, but the results are low and even
he/she fails. It is probably due to using poor study techniques.
Hence the gap between work and performance.

Study techniques are a set of actions and strategies that

the student carries out to understand and memorize concepts and contents of
the various subjects. These actions and strategies are the ones that are usually
to utilize the students who achieve good academic results.

To learn how to study, it is not enough to know the described techniques and
Others that are related in the courses need to be put into practice.
daily in all possible subjects until forming the habit of
apply them naturally. The combination of theory and practice will make me improve
his study performance.