SCL 90-R

Manual
 The SCL 90-R is a scale with ninety items for self-assessment of symptoms of
emotional maladjustment, developed by Lipman, Derogatis, and Covi (1973, cited in
Baptista, 1993). The SCL 90-R assesses psychopathology in terms of nine dimensions.
primary symptoms and three global indices.

APPLICATION:
The application of the SCL 90-R is simple, and the chosen location should be
application a well-lit, comfortable space free from noise sources or
disturbances from the outside.

APPLICATION TIME:
The application time is approximately 15 to 20 minutes.

PROCEDURE:
The examinee is asked to read the items carefully and to mark with a
X the degree to which each problem affected you in the last month, including the day of
today.

Each item of the SCL 90-R is evaluated by the subject on a five-point scale,
which can vary from zero "never" to four "extremely".

When the subject did not notice some items, the psychologist should be careful to
not to influence him. It should be neutral; sometimes it is enough to read the item again to the subject.

this understanding better.

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QUOTE:

The degree (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) marked by the subject with an X is placed in the grid.
answers, in the corresponding column for each item.

Each column of items corresponds to a scale.

The items are summed, resulting in the total value of the invoices that is divided by the
number indicated in the respective grid.

For example: in the somatization column, the total score is 20, which is divided by 12.
(convention) = 1.6; this is the value obtained by the subject on the somatization scale.

The same is done for all clinical scales.

In the additional scales, only the respective degree is included, and everything is summed up in order to

to obtain the total.

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 The three global items are summary measures of the disturbance that, despite
correlated, represent different aspects of psychopathology:

General Symptoms Index - combines the information of the number of symptoms with their
intensity; the total obtained in all scales is placed, summed up, and divided
total of the same for 90

Number of Positive Symptoms - reflects only the number of symptoms present;

the totals of the clinical scales (not divided) are summed, in which the number of items
have a score above zero (0), from low to extremely

Positive Symptoms Index - it is a measure of intensity adjusted for the number of

present symptoms; number of items with a score higher than zero (0), that is, it is counted
how many items had a grade from 1 to 4, and after obtaining the sum, it is divided
for the value found in the NSP

Example:
IGS = clinical scales + additional = 1.2
90

NSP = total (not divided) of all items

ISP = n.º de itens de 1 a 4 = 0,4

NSP

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BUILDING THE PROFILE:
The total values of the clinical scales and indices are transcribed on the sheet.
profile, in the upper frame.

Subsequently, to create the profile, it is necessary to place it in the frame.

infer a point at the corresponding value of each scale and finally make the union of
points. Thus, we have the profile of the subject.

CLINICAL SCALES:
The nine primary dimensions are:

Somatization - reflects the discomfort resulting from the perception of functioning

somatic, that is, complaints centered on the cardiovascular systems,
gastrointestinal, headaches, localized pain or discomfort in the muscles and
other somatic equivalents of anxiety;

Obsessive Compulsions - this dimension encompasses thoughts, impulses and

actions experienced as persistent and to which the individual cannot
resist. This scale is also a good indicator of the rigidity of thought;

Interpersonal Sensitivity - through this dimension, feelings are assessed.

of inferiority or personal inadequacy, particularly in comparisons with
others, their most characteristic manifestations being self-deprecation, the
shyness, embarrassment in relationships with others, and negative expectations
relativas a essas relações;

Depression - this scale includes items that aim to identify symptoms of affect.
dysphoric humor, signs of isolation, loss of interest, lack of motivation and
decrease in energy, with the loss of objectives also being considered
self-destructive ideation.

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Anxiety – reflects a set of symptoms and associated behaviors
with anxiety manifested through general indicators such as restlessness,
nervousness, tension and cognitive signs of anxiety. They are also found,
including symptoms of generalized anxiety and panic attacks;

Hostility - associated with aggression and anger as an affective state

negative, seeks to identify thoughts, feelings and characteristic actions to
this level, which in practice translates into irritability and resentment;

Phobic Anxiety - is defined as the response of persistent fear to a

subject, place, object or specific situation. It has an irrational character and is
disproportionate in relation to the triggering stimulus, leading the individual to
adopt escape or avoidance behaviors;

Paranoid Ideation - represents paranoid behavior, fundamentally,

as a disturbed way of thinking, which translates mainly into
level of projective thinking, hostility, egocentrism, fear of loss of
autonomy and delusions;

Psychoticism – this scale provides a graduated continuum from isolation

light interpersonal until the evidence of psychosis, including referents of
isolation and schizoid lifestyle and primary symptoms of schizophrenia.

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PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS:
In terms of psychometric characteristics, the SCL 90-R has shown levels
adequate both in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Studies about
the confirmatory factor structure confirmed the clinically derived dimensional structure and
they demonstrate their invariance through sex.

The SCL 90-R was evaluated in Portugal by Baptista (1993), with the results
media found:

POP. NORMAL
SCL 90-R MEDIA D.P. LIMIT VALUE
(mean + standard deviation)

Somatization 0.55 0.48 1.03

Obs. Compulsions 0.98 0.53 1.51
Interpersonal Sensitivity 0.73 0.54 1.27
Depression 0.65 0,45 1.10
Anxiety 0.67 0.48 1.15
Hostility 0.79 0.60 1.39
Phobic Anxiety 0.29 0.38 0.67
Paranoid Ideation 0.94 0.56 1.50
Psychoticism 0.40 0.42 0.82

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Name Data

INSTRUCTIONS: Below is a list of problems or symptoms that people sometimes experience.

Indicate in one of the spaces to the right of each symptom, the one that best describes THE DEGREE
COM
THAT EACH PROBLEM AFFECTED OR
DURING
INCLUDING TODAY. For each problem or symptom, mark only one space.
com
a cross (X). Do not leave any question unanswered.

Never Little Moderate - Quite Extrema-

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS DISTURBED BY mind mind

FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS 0 1 2 3 4
Headaches
Nervousness or inner tension
3. Unpleasant repetitive thoughts that do not leave your mind
4. Feelings of faintness or dizziness
5. Loss of interest or sexual pleasure
Feeling criticized by others
7. To have the impression that someone can control your thoughts
8. To have the impression that others are to blame for most of your problems
9. Difficulty in remembering things
10. Worried about dirt or lack of care
11. Feeling easily irritated or angry
12. Pain in the heart or chest
Fear of the street or open spaces
14. Lack of strength or slowness
15. Thoughts of ending life
16. Hearing voices that other people do not hear
17. Shivers
Feeling that most people are not trustworthy
19. Lack of appetite
20. Easy Choro
21. To feel shy or uncomfortable in front of the opposite sex
22. Having the impression of feeling trapped or caught out
23. Sudden fear without apparent reason
24. Temperament impulses that you cannot control
25. Feeling afraid to leave the house alone
26. Feelings of guilt
27. Pain in the lower back (crosses)

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28. Feeling blocked to finish your tasks
Never Little Moderate - Quite Extrema
TO WHAT EXTENT WAS DISTURBED BY mind mind
FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS 0 1 2 3 4
29. Feeling lonely
30. Feeling sad
31. Too worried
32. Not being interested in anything
33. To feel scared
34. To be easily offended
35. To have the impression that other people know your thoughts.
36. Feeling that others do not understand you or do not live your problems
37. Feeling that other people are not your friends or do not like you
38. Doing things very slowly to make sure they are done well
39. Palpitations or rapid heartbeats
40. Nausea or discomfort in the stomach
Feeling inferior to others
42. Feel pain in the muscles
43. To feel that one is being observed or commented on by others

44. Difficulties in falling asleep

Feel the need to check several times what you are doing
Difficulties in making decisions
Fear of traveling by bus, subway, or train
48. Difficulty breathing (feeling of shortness of breath)
49. Flashes or chills
50. Avoid certain places or activities because they cause you fear
51. Sensation of an empty head
52. Numbness or tingling (pins and needles) in the body
53. It is in the throat

54. Feeling hopeless about the future

55. Difficulties in concentration
56. Sensations of weakness in some parts of the body
Feeling tense or distressed
58. Feeling the legs or arms heavy
59. Thinking about death or that one will die

60. Eating too much

61. Not feeling comfortable when being observed or talked about.
62. Having thoughts that are not your own
63. To have impulses to hit, offend, or hurt someone

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 Never Little Moderate - Quite Extrema

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS DISTURBED BY mind mind

FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS 0 1 2 3 4
Waking up very early in the morning
65. To have to repeat the same actions multiple times, such as touching, counting, or washing.
it
I am agitated or disturbed.
67. To have impulses to destroy or break things
68. Having thoughts or beliefs that others do not share
Feeling very embarrassed in front of other people
Feeling bad in the middle of crowds, such as in stores or at the cinema
Feeling that everything is an effort
72. Terror or panic attacks
Feeling uncomfortable when eating or drinking in public places
74. Frequently engage in discussions
Feeling nervous when being alone
Feeling that people do not give due value to your abilities
Feeling alone even when being with people
Feeling so restless that you can't sit still or quiet
Feeling useless or worthless
80. To have the feeling that something bad is about to happen
81. Shouting or throwing things

Fear of fainting in public

Feeling that if one allowed it, other people would take advantage of them.
84. To have thoughts about sex that bother you a lot.
85. To have the idea that one should be punished for their sins
86. Thoughts or images of a frightening nature
To have the idea that something serious is happening in your body
88. Never feel 'close' to another person
89. Feelings of guilt
To have the idea that something is not working well in your mind

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