Blood Flow Analysis Using Poiseuille's Law
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsBlood Flow Analysis Using Poiseuille's Law
Translated by
ScribdTranslations1
INVESTIGATION OF BLOOD FLOW
By:
Alain Quintero Guerra
Alexis Rosero
Andrés Mauricio Ramírez García
Álvaro Eduardo Ocampo Paz
ANTONIO JOSÉ CAMACHO UNIVERSITY INSTITUTION
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Santiago de Cali
2019
2
INVESTIGATION OF BLOOD FLOW
By:
Alain Quintero Guerra
Alexis Rosero
Andrés Mauricio Ramírez García
Álvaro Eduardo Ocampo Paz
INTEGRAL CALCULUS PROJECT
PROFESSOR
Héctor Gabona
ANTONIO JOSÉ CAMACHO UNIVERSITY INSTITUTION
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Santiago de Cali
2019
3
Table of contents
[Link]ón..................................................................................................................................... 4
2 Statement of the problem.......................................................................................................... 5
2. Background .................................................................................................................................. 6
3. Justification
4. Objectives...........................................................................8
5. Theoretical Framework.................................................................9
6. methodological framework………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11
7. References.................................................................15
4
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this document is to explain what it is and how the calculation of
blood flow in an artery that transports the largest amount of
blood, or in the small vessels, which are responsible for carrying the blood to
the extremities of the body.
The main characteristics of blood flow that we will find with the law of
Poiseuille is the description of fluid flow under conditions of fluidity in the
laminar flow and allows for the calculation of flow rate demonstrating the dependence on the radius
and the dependence on length.
To analyze this issue, it is also necessary to mention resistance.
viscous, illustrated by the comparison of fluid resistance and the resistance in
series of vases.
All this is analyzed to detect any arterial occlusion since a
minimal occlusion can have dramatic effects.
5
Problem Statement.
Blood flow is one of the most important parameters of function.
cardiovascular, the relative changes in blood flow have been used to
clinical and physiological diagnoses associated with vascular problems or
degenerative diseases, or to study the response of certain organs
a mechanical or pharmacological intervention. For this reason, there have been
developed different techniques to obtain flow measurements and one of these
it is through the law of laminar flow that we will see in this project, since in
physiological conditions is the type of majority flow, where the fluid moves
in coaxial sheets where all particles move without exception
parallel to the vascular axis.
There are three types of vessels: Arteries, veins, and capillaries. In this case, we will analyze the
arteries, which are the ones that carry the blood that leaves the heart to the different
body parts, but in order to measure this flow we must validate what others
variables come into play, such as, for example: The difference in pressure,
speed, viscosity and length of the vessel that is going to be measured.
One of the factors that determines the resistance to the movement of fluids is
the friction forces between the contiguous parts of the fluid, the forces of
viscosity.
Viscosity (η) is defined as the property of fluids, primarily of the
liquids, to resist the tangential displacement of layers of
molecules. According to Newton, it results from the quotient between the propulsion tension (τ) or
shear force or constant stress and the velocity gradient (Δν) between
the different layers of liquids.
The units of η are Pascals/second.
Newtonian or homogeneous fluids are those that exhibit a viscosity
constant, like water, or electrolyte solutions; on the contrary, the
non-Newtonian fluids, the heterogeneous ones, exhibit variable viscosity, it is the
case of the blood that is modified depending on the dimensions of the tube and of
type of flow. When the speed of the blood increases, viscosity
decreases.
6
Background.
In other studies, they carry out the process, but with the derivation of the formula.
for the volumetric flow of blood through a blood vessel. This formula
it is also applicable to most types of fluids and it is assumed that the
the container is simply a circular tube with a length much greater than the
diameter. The derivation is very similar to other derivations when applied
integrals, since we first take a small subsection, in this case a
ring, and then we determine the volumetric flow rate or the volume of blood that
flows per unit time when summarizing and taking the limit to obtain the integral.
The formula is known as Poiseuille's Law, but it is also known as the
Hagen-Poiseuille equation. Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille obtained
he experimentally derived the formula in 1838 and published it in 1840 and 1846. But
approximately at the same time in 1839, Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen
he experimentally deduced that the pressure difference is proportional to the fourth
power of the radius of the tube, which is the main part of the formula.
7
Justification.
As mentioned earlier, blood flow is one of the parameters
most important of the cardiovascular function, the relative changes in flow
Blood samples have been used for clinical and physiological diagnostics associated
with vascular problems or degenerative diseases, or to study the
response of certain organs to some mechanical or pharmacological intervention. By
for this reason, different techniques have been developed to obtain measurements of
flow and one of these is through the law of laminar flow that is dealt with in this
project, since under physiological conditions it is the type of flow that is predominant, where
the fluid moves in coaxial sheets where all the particles are
move without exception parallel to the vascular axis. Examine how they look
applied derivatives and integrals in nature, is also what gives the
impulse for the realization of this project, since mathematics
applied are more understandable.
8
Objectives.
Explain how blood flow works through the study of the law.
from laminar flow to then arrive at Poiseuille's law.
Establish the blood flow of a vessel according to its diameter and
length replacing the values in the formula.
To make known how derivatives and integrals are applied in flow.
blood or any other viscous liquid that circulates within a tube.
Understand how the application of derivatives and integrals can help to
determine the cardiovascular health status of a patient.
9
Theoretical framework.
This equation is called Poiseuille's Law. It shows that the flow velocity is
proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the blood vessel (or any other
tube filled with liquid.
This equation is not accurate near the entrance of the vessel or
pipeline
The equation fails at very low viscosities, wide pipe lengths
and / or short.
Low viscosity or a wide pipe can lead to a flow.
turbulent, so it is necessary to use more complex models,
like the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
Short pipes can result in low flows.
physical quantities calculated using the Poiseuille's Law.
Research was conducted on viscosity, which is an important part of the procedure.
it is the dynamic (shear) viscosity of blood
η is the Greek letter eta
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to
gradual deformation by shear stress (tear) or tension
(traction).
The units η in the International System of Units are 1 Pa ∙ s
If a fluid is placed between two plates with a distance of one
metro, and a plate is pushed laterally with a shear force
of one pascal, and moves at x meters per second, then it has
a viscosity of 1 / x Pascal. second.
10
For example, honey has a much higher viscosity than water.
Viscosity is measured using various types of viscometers and rheometers.
A fluid with zero viscosity is an ideal fluid that has no resistance to
shear
This is only observed at very low temperatures in 'superfluids'
Superfluidity is a state of matter in which the matter is
it behaves like a fluid with zero viscosity.
Superfluids seem to self-propel and travel in a way
that defies all forces of gravity and surface tension.
Superfluids are found in astrophysics (study of
nature of matter in space), high energy physics and the
theories of quantum gravity.
11
Methodological framework.
Law of laminar flow:
Where:
v is the speed of blood flowing through a blood vessel
R is the radius of the blood vessel
L is the length of the blood vessel
ΔP is the pressure difference between the ends of the container
The resistance to the flow of a pipe is defined as the relationship
Where F is the volumetric flow rate through the tube.
Under laminar flow conditions in a viscous fluid, the velocity increases in
direction to the center of the tube because it has less resistance at the center due to
the little friction.
12
Now, to calculate the blood flow rate, or the volumetric flow rate or flow
(volume per unit of time), we consider smaller radii, likewise
spaced r1, r2,….rn.
The area of the ring (or washer) with internal radius ri-1 and external radio ries:
13
If Δr is small, then the velocity is almost constant throughout this ring and
it can be approximated by v (ri).̅
Therefore, the blood volume per unit of time, Qithat flows through the
the ring is approximately:
The total volume of blood flowing through a cross-section is
unit of time is approximately:
14
This approach is illustrated below:
Note that the speed (and thus the volume per unit of time)
increases towards the center of the blood vessel.
This approach improves as n increases.
When we take the limit, we obtain the exact value of the volumetric flow rate, Q,
(also known as flow or discharge), which is the volume of blood that passes
a cross-section per unit of time:
15
Bibliographic references.
[Link]
Poiseuille's Law
[Link]
[Link]