Structural Masonry: History & Benefits
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ScribdTranslationsStructural Masonry: History & Benefits
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsStructural Masonry
Masonry
It is called masonry
traditional system of
construction that consists of
erect walls and partitions,
for various purposes, through the
manual placement of the
elements or the materials that
the components (called
mampuestos)
Bricks.
Concrete blocks
prefabricated.
Stones, carved into shapes
regular or not.
To join the pieces, it is generally used
a mortar or cement and sand mixture
with the addition of a suitable amount
of water.
Advances in Masonry History
[Link] of the mortar of
Man decided clay, which did not allow
stack stones to not just stack, but arrange
to form a place or settle with more
where to take shelter. ease, and at greater height,
the irregular stones
natural.
EGYPT AND GREECE
In Egypt, it was possible to choose and was preferred for the
great works the rock brought from the mountains to the
length of the Nile. Limestones, sandstones, granites,
basalts and alabasters were exploited in the
state quarries; there, the blocks were
detached piercing holes in which
then they introduced metal wedges.
Greece adopted a luxurious architecture and
exteriors and, although it lacked the rich
Egyptian quarries had the best.
marbles to carry it out. They served
to cover its thick stone masonry
Limestone set with lime mortars.
ROME
Cases used the stone from their deposits of
limestone and the masonry of clay bricks. To this
technology contributed a new rationality
constructive and the invention of cement mortar
and of the concrete.
The new rationality mainly consisted of
the development of different systems for the
construction of walls, which were more
economic and easy to lift, particularly
using the new lime mortar.
Beginnings of Structural Masonry
Brunel, the illustrious engineer
British, proposed in 1813
the reinforcement of a
chimney under construction
with reinforced masonry
with iron bars
forged. However, it was
with the construction of
tunnel under the Thames, in
1825, which applied for
first time said material.
In 1889, the engineer
French Paul Cottancin
patented a method
to strengthen and build
buildings of
masonry.
In 1920, it
they built several
masonry works
reinforced in India.
Japan and the United States
they promoted the
research.
Between the years 1889 - 1891, it was built in
Chicago (Illinois, U.S.A.), the building
Monadnock in which its designer used
the most modern criteria of engineering
achieved up to that moment that included the
application of horizontal forces and the
determination, with empirical criteria, of
thickness of the masonry walls in
function of height.
Structural masonry
Masonry is the union
of blocks or bricks of
clay or concrete with a
mortar for shaping
monolithic systems type
wall, which can withstand
actions produced by the
gravity loads or the
earthquake or wind actions
(horizontal loads).
Regulations
Type of labor.
Civil Engineer or Architect.
(When the project requires it).
Construction Technicians.
Masonry officials.
Experienced assistants.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
It takes into account the horizontal forces
provoked by winds and dynamic forces
produced by earthquakes.
It is duly regulated by the NSR-10.
They support and transmit vertical loads and forces.
horizontals.
Little to no tendency to cracking
Adequately solve the problem of the
non-structural elements (partition walls).
According to the needs, it can be more
more economical than traditional methods.
Combines masonry as an aesthetic factor and
structural element that guarantees stability
of the construction.
The speed of execution, the harmony of the ensemble
of the different elements, the ending of the
surfaces or faces of the walls, entails the
removal of the plaster or render, decrease in
the use of formwork or molds, make of the
structural masonry a faster system and
more economical than the traditional ones.
Due to their consistency and resistance, the blocks
structural masonry has a lower
waste that any of the others
elements used for lifting
conventional, constituting another of the
economic and advantageous factors in the
construction projects.
Job generation, high demand for
method.
Disadvantages
The elements are immovable, that is, they are not
allowed that once finished the
construction should remove a wall to connect
two interior spaces.
The walls cannot be modified to
installing pipes.
The system requires prior personnel
instructed and prepared in block lifting
structural.
It is not advisable to combine it with others.
flexible structural systems because it is the
combined behavior under earthquakes
requires taking high-cost precautions.
Requires permanent technical supervision.
Bibliography.
Masonry Structures, H. Gallegos
O. Ramírez de Alba.
Masonry
Colombian Earthquake Resistant Standard 2010.
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