Understanding the Deductive Method
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding the Deductive Method
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsGEORG KERSCHENSTEINER INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Mazatenango Suchitepequez
COURSE: Communication and Language
Professor: Moises Xalú
Theme:
Deductio Method
STUDENTS:
Luis Antonio Mateo
Luis Fernando Ambrosio
Degree
5th Year of High School
AREA
Joinery
INTRODUCTION
The deductive method is a reasoning strategy used to deduce
logical conclusions from a series of premises or principles.
In this sense, it is a thinking process that goes from the general to the particular.
According to the deductive method, the conclusion is found within the premises themselves.
referred to or, in other words, the conclusion is a consequence of these.
This is why in the present research we show the elements of this
method, showing its composition and how it is used.
DEDUCTIVE METHOD
We explain what the deductive method is and the ways it can be used.
In addition, examples and what the inductive method is.
Deductive method
The deductive method draws logical conclusions from a set of premises.
What is the deductive method?
The deductive method or reasoning is an argument in which the conclusion is
It necessarily infers from the premises. For example:
The human being has the capacity to reason.
Pedro is a human being.
Pedro has the capacity to reason.
For formal logic, deduction consists of a sequence that contains
certain amount of premises and a conclusion. From the truth of the premises
derive and guarantee the truth of the conclusion.
The deductive method goes from the general to the particular. The inductive method, to
Opposite, it goes from the particular to the general. Deductive reasoning is deductive.
The descending is and the inductive is ascending.
Characteristics of the deductive method
Some characteristics of the deductive method are:
Moves from the general to the particular.
Use top-down reasoning.
Its conclusion is contained in advance in its own premises.
If the premises are true, the conclusion will be true.
Uses of the deductive method
The deductive method can be used in two ways:
Direct. It starts from a single premise that is not contrasted with others.
around. This premise is considered an axiom. An axiom is the point
on the part of a scientific theory whose truth is shared by all the
academic community. An example of this is the law of gravity: that everyone
objects fall to the ground is an indisputable axiom.
Indirect. It starts from a couple of premises: the first contains a
universal affirmation and the second a particular one. From the contrast between both.
the conclusion is reached. This is what is considered as reasoning
traditional logic or syllogism and it is the way to guarantee the permanence of
la validez del razonamiento. La validez de las premisas determina la validez
from the conclusion. This does not determine the character of truth or falsehood of the
argument. It is possible to start from false premises and deduce conclusions.
true or false, without making the logic of reasoning invalid.
On the other hand, deductive reasoning paves the way for two more complex methods:
Axiomatic-deductive method. A set of theorems is extracted.
propositions from a given set of axioms (premises)
in advance, using a series of logical reasoning.
Hypothetical-deductive method. Based on the observation of a phenomenon, one
state an interpretative hypothesis that is then subjected to comparison by
logical reasoning deductive method. This is the method used by the
scientific knowledge.
Examples of the deductive method
Many syllogisms use the deductive method. For example:
Premise 1. All dogs are mortal.
Premise 2. Pluto is a dog.
Conclusion. Pluto is deadly.
Premisa 1. Las vacas no vuelan.
Premise 2. Animals that fly have wings.
Conclusion. Cows do not have wings.
Premise 1. Venezuelans are Caribbean.
Premise 2. María is Venezuelan.
Conclusion: María is Caribbean.
Premise 1. The planets are round.
Premise 2. The Earth is a planet.
Conclusion. The Earth is round.
Premise 1. The killer was a man.
Premise 2. Marta is a woman.
Conclusion. Marta is not the killer.
In all these deductive reasoning, the validity of the argument is maintained.
beyond the truth or falsehood of the premises. This is due to the fact that the
deductive reasoning focuses on the formal aspect of the argument and not on its
content. If the content of each proposition is replaced by a
generalization, the formal aspect of the argument is obtained.
Premise 1. All X is Y
Premise 2. A is X
Conclusion. A is Y
What is the inductive method?
The inductive method is a reasoning process that is opposed to the
deduction. Inductions go from the most particular to the most general.
Induction uses observation, recording, and contrasting of information.
to build general premises that can serve as support or explanation for
the proposed generalization. It is often said that in an induction there is a leap of faith
regarding what is stated, since general conclusions are induced based on
a particular observation, which sometimes leads to an incorrect conclusion. For
example:
Premise 1. The washing machine broke.
Premise 2. The toaster broke.
Conclusion. All appliances break down.
CONCLUSION
The deductive method is the opposite of the inductive method, since while the
The deductive method seeks to go from the general to the particular, the inductive method
proceed in reverse: starting from specific premises, the goal is to reach
general conclusions. It starts from the observation, recording, and analysis of the
information for, based on it, to formulate general premises.
Logic is a science that analyzes the structure of human thought and that
seeks to establish principles or laws that allow for the attainment of truths. For this reason,
It is said that the deductive method uses logic to carry out its
reasoning, since its purpose is to obtain valid conclusions that can
become truths.