Anesthesia Machine

Elián Bobadilla1Andrés Sarmiento1.

1
Electronic Engineering.

Summary- The following work is a compilation of they provide the exact amount of these gases and
data that will help to understand generalities of a they guarantee the health of patients by keeping them
anesthesia machine, its components and regulations to alive and safe [3].
the time to manipulate this Bioengineering device.
Being important in modern medicine as a It also has a screen that allows you to view
basic element in operating rooms or surgery rooms. patient parameters such as: oxygenation,
electrocardiography, non-invasive blood pressure
Keywords –Bioengineering, Machine of temperature, capnometry and capnography [4].
Anesthesia, Medicine.

Abstract- The following work is a compilation of data

that will serve to understand generalities of an
anesthesia machine, its components and regulations
when handling this Bioengineering device.
Being important in modern medicine as a basic
element in operating rooms or operating rooms.

Keywords - Bioengineering, Anesthesia Machine,

Medicine.

I. INTRODUCTION.
Until the mid-18th century, the people who were
subjected to a surgical intervention were undergoing
due to extreme pain because they Figure 1 Physical Anesthesia Machine.
they practiced directly without any analgesic,
so it was a difficult task for whoever was doing it B. General characteristics.
the operation as for whom it was received. In 1846, it
began to desensitize patients with Ether and A source of O2 (Dioxygen or gaseous oxygen)
Chloroform [1]. and a way of removing CO2.

A source of liquids or gases for anesthesia

Currently and due to the great advances
A inhalation system to administer the
scientists have verified the use of gases such as
anesthetic mixture to the respiratory tracts of the
Nitrous oxide to be used in these
patient through cylinders, yokes, valves,
procedures, mixed with technology that
flow meters, pressure gauges, and others.
allow control ensuring the well-being of the
patients [2].
C. Basic components.
II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
- Flow meters: They are devices responsible for measuring
the amount of a gas in motion; in the machine
A. What is an Anesthesia machine? of anesthesia have the function of quantifying the
exact amount of anesthetic gases administered to you
Anesthesia machines are medical equipment of supplied to the patient, the unit of measurement is
high precision that combines details of mechanics, liters or cubic centimeters per second. The
engineering and electronics, to achieve supply
the most known and the most used flow meter is the
anesthetic gases to the patients in the
surgical procedures that require it, of variable aperture, is made of a glass tube
Additionally, the breathing is monitored during whose caliber increases from bottom to top with a
the entire process; These are fundamental in the level float that moves from one end to the other
medical centers y hospitality because of the tube [5].
 Figure 4 Aneroid Barometer.

Figure 2 Flowmeter. Yokes: It is used to secure gas cylinders

to the anesthesia machine or to the regulator; it has
Vaporizers: Their function is to provide circular or rectangular shape made of metal with
vaporization of volatile liquids inside a adjustable zipper; on its inner part it has
adjustable concentration, in the machine of a coupling that is fixed to the corresponding part of the
anesthesia is used to facilitate the transition of a cylinder, with a security system based on
liquid anesthetic to its vapor phase and add a spikes and holes called 'females' and 'males'
controlled amount of this vapor to the gas flow respectively and a different placement for
that reaches the patient [5]. each gas at the bottom of the central spike
to avoid errors in the placement of the gas
(called pin index system) [5].

Figure 3 Example of Vaporizer.

Manometers: They are used to measure pressure of the

gases in the anesthesia equipment and protect the
Figure 5 Cylinder Holder.
patient with excessive increases in pressure;
There are two types of manometers, one for pressure Respiratory circuit: it has the function of
high that is the bourdon tube calibrator that supply the patient with gases and vapors
handles pressures from 10 to 2000 psi and one of pressure mixed with low resistance so that they can be
what is the aneroid that is generally used in inhaled and exhaled with ventilatory effort
the exit, the respiratory circuit and sites of minimum, the main components of this
fan [5]. sound circuit: breathing tubes, valves
respiratory, reservoir bag, container of
CO2 absorption, a site for flow entry
of fresh gas, a click valve for the
gas excess, a Y piece, elbow and mask
[5].
 - ¿When should it be reviewed?
Before any surgical intervention, be
Whether necessary or not, its use should always be reviewed.

- How must to be revised?

Sequentially and systematically, without omitting
at least elements that potentially will not go to
to be used.
Figure 6 Components of the Respiratory Circuit In case of any breakdown, what to do?
Do not authorize the procedure for the patient until
the equipment has been adjusted, repaired and checked
D. Operation.
again, in case it is not possible to equip with
The anesthesia machine performs its function an additional machine or directing the surgery to a
starting from a gas supply source operating room equipped with good equipment
compressed, after this they are measured and conditions.
they control certain gas parameters with the help of
At the end of the operation, what to do?
flowmeter and the manometer and a mixture is created of
At the end of the anesthetic procedure, the ...
gas of known volume and composition. This passes
correct closure of flow meters and vaporizers,
through a vaporizer, where it incorporates a
in addition to leaving the oxygen sensor of the circuit
percentage of anesthetic gas. The gas that results
exposed to ambient air sealing its opening with
this union is sent to the anesthetic circuit
the cover corresponding.
where later the patient will be passed to Turn off the entire pneumatic system of the machine and
middle of the respiratory circuit [6].
to organize connection cables for
prevent possible breakdowns.

III. CONCLUSIONES

With the bibliographic review completed, we can

to assert that the use of anesthesia machines
always taking care and making adjustments
relevant) they help the specialist in
anesthesiology to administer controlled doses of
Figure 7 Scheme of a Basic Respiratory Circuit gases for the insensitization of patients, to
time during which parameters of the same are monitored.
E. Regulations. Highlighting that vital signs are good and being
alert in case of any complications.
In order for there to be harmony among staff In this way, practices that were becoming
person in charge, patients, and machine exist a sufferable for those who were undergoing surgery.
regulations to be complied with that without a security of the
it is not advisable to use this IV. References
device [7].

Review of the machine and each of its [1] BBC, "4 chilling facts about how..."
components. they performed the operations in hospitals 200 years ago
This must undoubtedly be a tiresome task of the years," 19 6 2017. [Online]. Available:
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anesthesiologist or anesthesiology resident
in charge since if there is any failure the [2] genteUp, 'The history of anesthesia,' June 3, 2017.
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[4] G. E. Álvarez-Reséndiz, G. Ochoa-Gaitán, J. G.
Velazco-González, C. L. Gutiérrez-Porras and E.
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[5] H. G. d. Culiacán, "THE MACHINE OF
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The equipment
anesthesia percent, pressure
3n y inhalation system
3n.
[6] X. Pardell and N. Llahí, 'Notes of'
Electromedicine, January 15, 2021. [Online].
Available: [Link]
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anesthesia receives, exact gas of anesthetic
volatile ester..
[7] Javeriana University, "MINIMUM STANDARDS
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documents/[Link].