Flow Profiles in Channel Hydraulics
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ScribdTranslationsFlow Profiles in Channel Hydraulics
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ScribdTranslationsCHARACTERISTICS AND
CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FLOW PROFILES
CHANNEL HYDRAULICS
Professor: Jorge Antonio Rodríguez Martínez.
Degree: Civil Engineering 5th Semester.
Students:
Muñoz González Luis Antonio.
Muñoz Herrera José Paz.
GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE FLOW
GRADUALLY VARIED.
UNIFORM FLOW IS CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING A CONSTANT VELOCITY
ALONG THE CHANNEL, WHICH IS ONLY ACHIEVED BY HAVING A
SECTION AND CONSTANT BEAM.
ANY OTHER FLOW THAT DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THIS BECOMES VARIED
WITHIN A SECTION OF A CHANNEL OR THROUGHOUT ITS LENGTH, AND IT CAN BE
PRODUCE IN ONE OR SEVERAL SECTIONS BEFORE OR AFTER THE UNIFORM, THIS
IT IS DUE TO CHANGES IN ROUGHNESS, SLOPE, DIMENSIONS OF THE
SECTION, GATES OR SPILLWAYS.
•THE GRADUALLY VARYING FLOW OCCURS IN A SPENDING CHANNEL AND
IT IS GREATLY RELATED TO THE LOSS OF FRICTION.
BASED ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FLOW PROFILES.
The profile that the free surface of the water adopts at any.
flow condition in a channel is known as flow profile or
hydraulic profile.
The classification of varied flow profiles is based on the
depending on the channel and the area where the profile is located.
The shape that the flow profile takes is directly
associated with the slope of the template s0y with the values;
Sfy F2.
AREA WHERE THE PROFILE IS DISTANCED
Regardless of the slope, the expenditure, and the section of the channel, the lines that
they indicate the height of the normal and critical stays with respect to the template,
They divide the space in which the flow profile can develop into three zones,
calls:
Zone 1. The space above the upper line.
Zone 2. The space between the two lines.
Zone 3. The space below the bottom line.
CONSIDERATIONS
The slope of the template, sIt is positive if it descends in the direction of the flow,
negative if it rises and zero if it is horizontal.
We know that the equation of gradually varied flow is:
Also that Manning's equation, the friction slope is:
And that the formula for the number is Froude:
To identify the qualitative form that the flow profile adopts, it is necessary to consider the
signs of the numerator and denominator of the equation:
And of these the one for dy/dx, in order to know the increase or decrease of 'y' in the direction of
flow.
• 0the profile of the free surface diverges from the template.
• = 0the free surface profile is parallel to the template.
• < 0the free surface profile converges with the template.
A uniform flow of tension andit can only be established on a slope
positiva, por lo que dicha pendiente y los perfiles del flujo resultantes se
designed as:
•Subcritical yes andnycM-type profiles.
•Criticism if yÎ = ycC-type profiles. Positive Pendants
Supercritical yes andn < ycS-type profiles.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TYPE "M" PROFILE
The presence of control structures, such as weirs and gates, or other accidents
natural features such as constrictions and bends raise the water surface in a channel or
river and a profile of the MI type can be extended several kilometers into the water
above, where it is asymptotic to the uniform flow profile. The M2 profile occurs when the depth
decreases, for example, before a change from subcritical to supercritical slope, from a
narrowing of the section or near a drop. The M3 profile is located
downstream of a change from supercritical to subcritical flow, or after the
the discharge of a gate and its length is governed by the downstream conditions, already
which normally ends in a hydraulic jump. The M2 and M3 profiles are shorter in
comparación con el M1.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE 'S' PROFILE
The S1 profile is produced before a control structure, such as a dam or a gate.
located in a steep channel. It begins after a hydraulic jump and ends in
the obstruction. The S2 profile is generally very short and is common at the entrance of a channel
of high slope or after a change from subcritical to supercritical slope. The S3 profile
it occurs downstream of a gate in a steep channel, or downstream of
its intersection with another of lower slope.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE 'C' PROFILE
As the normal and critical straps coincide, there are only two profiles. These are
approximately horizontal and the inherent instability of the critical state is
manifests in the form of a noticeable surface wave.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TYPE 'H' PROFILE
The normal strap is infinite and only profiles H2 and H3 are formed. Profile H2 is produced
after a subcritical slope channel changes to horizontal. The H3 profile occurs
after a gate or a change from supercritical slope to horizontal.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE 'A' PROFILE
The negative slope in a channel is uncommon. The normal water depth does not exist and the
The profiles that are formed have the same trends as the H2 and H3. The A2 profiles and
A3s are extremely short.