UNIVERSITY OF THE ARMED FORCES 'ESPE'

STATISTICS
Nombre:Dayana Villamarín

NRC:5116

Fecha:29/12/20

PROBABILITIES

1- A student randomly answers two true or false questions. Write the

sample space of this random experiment.

The student having two true or false questions, the sample space is:

- true event and true event

- evento "verdadero" y evento "falso"

- false event and false event

- evento "falso" y evento "verdadero"

2- Another student randomly answers 4 questions of the same type as before.

a) Write the sample space

The student having four true or false questions, the sample space is:

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"

-event "false"- event "false"- event "false"- event "false"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "falso"- evento "falso"

-evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "falso"

-evento "falso"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"

-evento "falso"- evento "falso"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "falso"

-evento "falso"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"

b) Write the event to respond -false- to a single question.

-evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento

-evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"

c) Write the event to respond -true- to at least 3 questions.

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"- evento "verdadero"

-evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "verdadero"- evento "falso"

3- A rat is placed in a box with three buttons of red, blue, and white colors. If
press the levers randomly twice

a) What is the probability that I press the red button both times?

( , ) ( =) ( )
1 1
( , ) = ( )( )
3 3
1
( , ) = 0.11111111
9

What is the probability that I press the blue key for the first time or the second time or both?

P (A1Table A2 Table A1 y A2 =) ( ) + ( ) − ( )

1 1 1 1
P (A1Table A2 Table A1 y A2 =) ( )+ ( )− ( ∗ )
3 3 3 3
1 1 1
P (A1Table A2 Table A1 y A2 =
) ( )+ ( )− ( )
3 3 9
3+3-1
P (A1Table A2 Table A1 y A2 =
) ( )
9
5
P (A1Table A2 Table A1 y A2 =
) = 0.55555556
9
 In a subject, it has been decided to pass those who exceed one of the two.
partials. With this criterion, he approved 80%, knowing that he passed the first partial.
60% and the second 50%. What would have been the percentage of passers if it
Would I have required to pass both exams?

P (P1Table P2)= ( +
P1 ) P P2-
( P(P1
) y P2)

P (P1y P2 =) P1( + )P P2−( P(P1

) table P2)
60 50 80
P (P1Table P2)= + −( )
100 100 100
60 50 80
P (P1Table P2)= + −( )
100 100 100
30
P (P1Table P2)= = 30%
100
5- The probability of an event A is 1/2, the probability of B is 2/4 and that of the
intersection 3/8. Calculate:

a) The probability that one of the two events will occur.

( ) = ( ) + ( )− ( )
1 2 3
( ) = ( )+ ( )− ( )
2 4 8
4+4-3
( ) =( )
8
5
( ) = ( )0.625
8
b) The probability that A does not happen.

( )′ = 1 - P ( )
1
( )′ = 1 −( )
2
1
( )′ =
2

c) The probability that neither A nor B occurs.

( )′ = 1 - P ( ) ( ′)= 1 - P ( )
1 2
( )′ = 1 -( ) ( ′) = 1 − (4)
2
1 1
( )′ = ( ′) = 2
2
 ( ′ ′) ( ′() ) ′
=( )

′ ′)
1
( =()
4

d) The probability that A does not occur or that B does not occur.

′
( 0 B′ )= ( ′ )+ ( −′ ) ( ′
)′

′
1 1 1
( 0 B′ )= + −( )
2 2 4
′
3
( 0 B′ )=
4

6- In a urn, there are three white balls, two red ones, and one black one. Construct the space.
sample of the experiment to extract a ball, and calculate the probability of each one
the elemental events.

Ω= {blanca, blanca, blanca, roja, roja, negra}

White balls
3
( ) = = 0.5
6

Red balls
2
( ) = = 0.33333333
6
Black balls
1
( ) = = 0.16666667
6

7- Calculate the probability of getting at least one six when rolling 4 times.
dice.
1
( ) =0.04166667
24
 A merchant receives items monthly from two companies.
Distributors A and B, according to the following table:
No
Defective defective
A 20 130
B 10 110

If we choose an article at random, we obtain:

No
Defective defective TOTAL
A 20 130 150
B 10 110 120
TOTAL 30 240 270

a) The probability that said article comes from company A.

150
( )= 0.5555555555
270

The probability that it is defective.

30
( ) 0.111111
=
270
c) The probability that it is defective and is from company B.
10
( ) 0.037037
=
270

d) The probability of being defective if we know it is from company B.

10
( ) 0.08333
=
120
e) The probability of being from A given that it is defective.

20
( ) = 0.074074
=
270
f) The probability of being A or being B.

( ) = ( ) + ( )

150 120 270

( ) = + = =1
270 270 270
g) The probability of being B or being non-defective.

( ) ( )= ( + ) − ( )

120 240 120 240

( ) += −( ∗ )
270 270 270 270
76
( ) 0.9382716
=
81

In a family of four siblings, it seems more likely that there are three.
siblings of the same sex that there are two men and two women, but
It really is like that. Answer if this statement is correct.
["brother","brother","brother","brother"]
["sister","brother","brother","brother"]

["brother","sister","brother","brother"]

["brother","brother","sister","brother"]

brother, brother, brother, sister

sister, sister, sister, sister
["brother","sister","sister","sister"]
{hermana, hermano, hermana, hermana}
["sister","sister","brother","sister"]
sister, sister, sister, brother
["brother","brother","sister","sister"]

["sister","sister","brother","brother"]

["brother","sister","brother","sister"]

{hermana, hermano, hermana, hermano}

{hermano, hermana, hermana, hermano}
["sister","brother","brother","sister"]

8
P( 3 ) =16 = 0.5

6
P( 2 ) = 0.375
16
 10- 5 students are waiting for the date of a job interview with the company.
announces that it will hire only 1 of the 5. The group is made up of Helen,
Alan, Jhon, Simon, Walter, Bob. What is the probability that Walter or Jhon
they are chosen.

( ) = ( )+ ( )
1 1
( ) = +
5 5
2
( ) = = 0.4
5

11- An inspector from a company has the task of purchasing the reliability of 2
pumping stations. Each station is susceptible to 2 types of failures which are
malfunction in pumping and leaks. When one of the two or both occur, the
the station should stop. Based on the data in the table, which station has the highest probability
to stop.

P(FAILURE
STATION BOMBING P(FUGA) AMBAS
1 0.07 0.1 0
2 0.09 0.12 0.06

The second one is more likely to stop since it has a higher probability of failing in
pumping and leakage and in both according to the table unlike the first station.

12- The odds that a husband and wife will be alive in 20 years
are given by 0.8 and 0.9 respectively. Find the probability that in 20
years.

Both live.

( ) ( = ) ∗ ( )
( ) = 0.8 * 0.9
( ) = 0.72
None lives.
Probability that they do not live:

Husband = 1-0.8 = 0.2

Wife = 1 - 0.9 = 0.1

( ) ( =) ′ ∗ ( ′)
( ) = 0.2 * 0.1
( ) 0.02
At least one lives.

( ) ( = ) ( )+ − ( ∗ )
( ) = 0,8 + 0,9 − (0,72)
( ) 0.98
13- A box in a warehouse contains 4 bulbs of 40 watts, 5 bulbs of 60 watts, and 6 bulbs.
of 75 watts. Suppose that 3 bulbs are chosen at random.

3 15! 3
= = 455
15 3!(15−3 !) 15
3 3
= 455 = 20
15 6

a) What is the probability that exactly 2 of the selected bulbs are 75?
watts?
20
P (75 ) = 0.043956
455
b) What is the probability of selecting 1 bulb of each type?
3 3
=3 P (40w=) 4550.00879
4
3 10
= 10 P (60w=) 4550.02197
5
P ( 40wTable 60W Table 75W) = 0,00879 + 0,02197 + 0,043956 = 0,074716
c) What is the probability that the 3 selected bulbs are of the same type?
1
=4 P ( 40wy 60w y 75w =)4 * 5 * 6 = 120
4
1 120
=5 P ( 40wy 60w y 75w =) 0.2637
5 455

1
=6
6

14- A and B play twelve games of chess, of which A wins 6, B wins 4, and 2 end in a draw.
tables. They agree to play a tournament of three games. Find the probability of:

a) A wins 3 matches:
6 1 1 1 1
( )= = ( ) = ∗ 2∗ 2
12 2 2
1
( ) =
8

b) 2 terms in tables:
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
( )= = P (2 ) = 3[(1 −(2+ 3)) ∗ (1 − (2+ 3))] ∗ (2+ 3)
12 3
 1 1 5
P (2 ) = 3[( )∗ ( )] ∗
6 6 6
5
P (2 ) = 0.069444
72
c) 2 terms in tables:
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
( )= = P (2 ) = 3[(1 -(2+ 3)) ∗ (1 −(2+ 3))] ∗ (2+ 3)
12 3

1 1 5
P (2 ) = 3[( )∗ ( )] ∗
6 6 6
5
P (2 ) = 0.069444
72

d) B wins at least one game:

′
( ) = 1 −′ p(B1, B2, B′3)
2 2 2
( ) = 1 - (∗ ∗)
3 3 3
19
( ) =
27
15- If two flies land on an orange. Calculate the probability that both do
locate points belonging to the same hemisphere.
2 4!
( )
6
= = =1
4 2!(4−2 !) 6

2
=6
4
16- When Mike asked out 5 different women. Calculate the probability that he
except one I accepted.
P (1=′ ) 1 - P(1) ′)
P (1=) 1 − P 1 to( the power of 5
′ 1 1024
P (1=) 1 − (5) P (1=) 1 −3125 ∗
4
P (1=′ ) 5
P (10.6723
)

17- One bag contains 4 white balls and 2 black; another bag contains 3 white balls and
5 black balls. A ball is drawn from each bag. Determine the probability that the
two are white.

( ) ( = ) ∗ ( )
4 3
( ) = ∗
6 8
1
( ) = = 0.25
4
 18- Find the probability of getting at least 1 by rolling a die twice.

P (1=′ ) 1 - P(1) ′)
P (1=) 1 - P 1 (∗P(1) ′

1 5 5
P (1=′ ) 1 − (6) P (1=) 1 -6∗ 6
5
P (1=′ ) 6
P (10.305555
)

19- In a box there are 9 balls numbered from 1 to 9. If two are drawn at random, what is the
probability of getting two odd numbers?

Número impares: 1-3-5-7-9

5
P (2 ú ) = = 0.5555
9

20- In how many ways can 3 men be chosen from a group of 15?
one of them must appear in each selected group.

3 15!
=
15 3! ( 15- 3 ! )
3
= 455
15
21- From a box that contains 2 red balls, 3 white balls, and 4 blue balls, a ball is drawn.
chance. Find the probability that it is white.
3
( ) = = 0.33333
9

22- 35% of the members of a health club are women. 60% of the
Members are under 30 years old. 80% of women are under 30 years old.
What is the probability that a randomly selected club member is a woman?
under 30 years old?
80% (X<30)

35% WOMEN

CLUB 20% (X>30)

(X<30)

65% MEN
(X>30)

( X <) 30 = 80% of 35%

( X <) 30 = 28%

23- Out of 80 people applying for a job, 20 are not high school graduates. If one is chosen at random...
a person. What is the probability that they are not a graduate?
20
( ℎ) =
80
 1
( ℎ) = 0.25
4
24- In the last working days, Juan has been sick for 120 days. What is the
probability of being sick today?

120
( ) =
365
( ) = 0.3287

25- Of 1000 people aged 18, 800 are high school graduates, 600 are employed, and 400 of
high school graduates work. If a graduate is chosen at random, what is the probability of
Does he/she have a job?

400
( ℎ ) = 0.4 =
1000

26- A box contains 4 red balls and 8 green ones. If two are taken without replacement, what
What is the probability that the first one is red and the second one is green?

4 4 8
( ) = = 0.333 ( ) ∗12=
12 12
8 2
( ) = = 0.6666 ( ) = = 0.2222
12 9