For 2024-2025

1. Write a short notes on Aesthetics in Civil Engineering. (5)

2. What is mortar? Explain its various functions. (5)

3. Explain characteristics of good building stones. (15)

4. Explain Construction Methods for various types of Structures. (15)

5. (a) What are the types of water supply systems? (8)

(b) What are the components of a water supply system? (7)

For 2023-2024

1. What are the different types of chimneys available? (5)

2. What are the selection criteria of repairing materials? (5)

3. (a) What are the different types of pavements? (5)

(b) What are the functions of transportation system? (5)
(c) What are the different forms of transportation system in India? (5)

4. (a) Why Intelligent Transport system is needed? (5)

(b) What are the factors that influence the pavement design? (5)
(c) Describe in brief about different types of concrete pavements? (5)

For 2022-2023

1. What are the features of LEED rating? (5)

2. What are the characteristics of good bricks? (5)

3. What are the different types of fluid based on viscosity? (5)

4. (a) What are the roles and responsibilities of architect in construction? (8)
(b) What are the civil engg. aspects of a smart city? (7)

5. (a) What are the properties of first class, second class and third-class bricks? (9)
(b) What are the characteristics of a good mortar? (6)

6. (a) What are the different methods of underground construction? (5)

(b) What are the requirements of a good water supply distribution system? (5)
(c) Write a short note on multi-purpose reservoir project (5)
Why Intelligent Transport system is needed?

 Safety Enhancement: Reduces crashes with real-time alerts, adaptive speed

limits, automatic incident detection, and driver assistance, preventing human
error.
 Reduced Congestion: Optimizes traffic flow through smart signals (green
waves), intelligent intersections, and route guidance, minimizing stop-and-go
traffic and wasted time.
 Environmental Sustainability: Lowers fuel consumption and emissions by
reducing idling and congestion, supporting greener cities.
 Improved Efficiency & Mobility: Makes public transport more reliable
(tracking, scheduling, priority) and logistics more productive (real-time
tracking), while helping drivers find parking faster.
 Better Traveler Experience: Provides real-time info on traffic, transit, and
parking via apps and displays, allowing users to make informed travel choices.
 Data-Driven Management: Generates vast amounts of data for better
planning, incident response, and infrastructure utilization.
Describe in brief about different types of concrete pavements? (5)
Here are the main types:
1. Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP):
 Description: Uses contraction joints (sawed or formed) to control where
cracks form, but lacks reinforcing steel for crack control.
 Use: Common for lighter traffic, municipal roads, and airports.
2. Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP):
 Description: Includes steel reinforcement (mesh or rebar) and
contraction joints, allowing for wider joint spacing and managing
cracking.
 Use: Offers better load transfer and longer life than JPCP, suitable for
higher traffic.
3. Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP):
 Description: Features continuous steel reinforcement and no
transverse joints; cracks form but are held tightly by the steel, distributing
load.
  Use: Ideal for heavy urban traffic, interstates, and long-life projects due
to excellent performance, though higher initial cost.
Other Key Types:
 Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) Pavement: A stiff, zero-slump concrete
placed and compacted with rollers, often used for industrial pavements, heavy-
duty pavements, and some roads.
 Precast Concrete Pavement: Pavement made of pre-formed panels that are
transported to the site and placed, offering faster construction.
 Pervious Concrete Pavement: Designed with interconnected voids to allow
water to filter through, reducing stormwater runoff.
 Concrete Overlays: A new layer of concrete placed over an existing pavement
(concrete or asphalt) to restore its surface and structural integrity.
What are the different methods of underground construction? (5)
Common Underground Construction Methods
1. Cut and Cover:
 How it works: Dig a trench from the surface, build the structure (tunnel,
basement), install supports, then backfill over the top.
 Best for: Shallow tunnels, underpasses, approach sections.
2. Bored Tunneling (TBM):
 How it works: A large Tunnel Boring Machine excavates and
simultaneously installs tunnel lining segments.
 Best for: Deep tunnels, busy urban areas, minimizing surface
disruption.
3. Drill and Blast:
 How it works: Drill holes, place explosives, blast rock, remove debris
(mucking), and install primary support (rock bolts, shotcrete).
 Best for: Hard rock conditions.
4. New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM):
 How it works: Flexible, staged construction using shotcrete, rock bolts,
and yielding supports that harness the ground's strength.
 Best for: Variable ground conditions, requiring flexibility.
5. Pipe Jacking / Box Jacking:
 How it works: Jacking precast pipes or box sections from an entry shaft
through the ground, often for utilities.
  Best for: Crossing under roads/railways without disruption.
6. Shaft Sinking:
 How it works: Vertical shafts are dug to access tunnel levels,
connecting to horizontal tunnel drives.
 Best for: Access, ventilation, and connecting deep structures.
7. Clay Kicking:
 How it works: An older, manual method using specialized tools (kicks)
to remove clay from tunnel faces.
 Best for: Soft clay soils, small-diameter tunnels.
8. Immersed Tube Tunnels:
 How it works: Pre-fabricated tunnel sections are floated into place in a
trench in a waterway and sunk to the bottom.
 Best for: Shallow water crossings (rivers, harbors).
What are the requirements of a good water supply distribution system? (5)
Here are 5 key requirements:
1. Adequate Pressure & Quantity: Must supply sufficient water at the right
pressure to all points, including firefighting needs, without excessive pressure.
2. Water Quality Protection: Prevents contamination and ensures treated water
quality isn't lost in pipes; pipes should be separate from sewers.
3. Reliability & Redundancy: A well-designed layout ensures no consumer is cut
off during pipe repairs, with interconnected lines providing backup.
4. Watertightness & Efficiency: Aims for minimum water loss from leaks,
requiring good materials and regular maintenance.
5. Economical & Flexible: Should be affordable to build and run, and flexible
enough for future growth and easy maintenance access.