Experiment IV
Conductometric titration
Analytical Chemistry lab
Instructor:
Dr. H. Obeid
Students:
Qamar serhan 100411
Mohammad el Harke 104276
Aim:
In this experiment, we are going to measure the conductance in order to determine the
equivalence point. the classical titration method is not only applicable to acid/base titration but
also to other types of titration such as redox. Shows that measuring the conductance allows the
monitoring of variation during the reaction allowing the determination of the equivalence point.
Theory:
1. Definitions:
Electrolyte: a solution that conducts electric current due to the presence of ions Current
in an electrolyte under the effect of an electric field, the mobile ions migrate creating
current and contributing to current transport through the electrolyte. This is called ionic
conduction.
Conductimetric Titration: is the substitution of ions of one mobility by ions of different
mobilities
2. Principle:
Conductometric titration is a volumetric method based on the measurement of the
conductance of the solution during titration. The conductivity of a solution depends on
the number of ions (concentration) and their mobility. The titrant is added from the buret
and the conductivity readings are plotted against the volume of the titrant. The plots
consist of 2 lines that intersect at a particular point known as the EQUIVALENCE POINT.
symbol formula SI unit
conductivity
σ σ=1/p=Gd/A S/m
=GKcell
G: conductance
P: resistivity
Experimental:
[Link] 1:
conductometric titration of a weak acid (CH3COOH) with a strong base (NaOH).
The titration reaction is written as:
CH3COOH + [ Na+ + OH- ] ⟶ [ CH COO- + Na+ ]+ H2O
Materials
20ml CH3COOH
Distilled water
0.2 NaOH
Pipet 10ml
Beaker
Conductometer and electrode
Buret
Procedure
1. Pipet 10 ml CH3COOH
2. Add the necessary amount of distilled water
3. Titrate with 0.2 M NaOH.
4. Plot the curve while carrying out the titration.
B. Experiment 2:
conductometric titration of a strong acid and weak acid mixture (HCL + CH3COOH) with a
strong base (NaOH).
The reactions are:
H3O+ +OH- ⟶ H2O
CH3COOH + OH- ↔ H2O + CH3COO-
Materials
10 ml (HCL+CH3CO0H)
Distilled water
0.2 M NaOH
Pipet 10 ml
Beaker
Conductometer and electrode
Procedure
1. Pipet 10 ml of (HCL+CH3 COOH)
2. Add the necessary amount of distilled water.
3. Titrate with 0.2 M NaOH.
4. Plot the curve while carrying out the titration.
Results:
Experiment 1 Experiment 2
Volume of NaOH in X Volume of NaOH in X
ml (conductivity in mS) ml (conductivity in mS)
0 0.29 0 6
0.2 0.238 1 5.08
0.4 0.254 2 4.18
0.6 0.274 3 3.34
0.8 0.311 4 2.46
1 0.369 5 1.879
2 0.600 6 1.800
3 0.791 7 1.946
4 1.055 8 2.10
5 1.223 9 2.30
6 1.422 10 2.45
7 1.604 11 2.6
8 1.812 12 3.10
9 2.10 13 3.55
10 2.71 14 4.00
11 3.47 15 4.57
12 3.8 16 4.99
13 4.34 17 5.40
14 4.77 18 5.80
15 5.41
16 5.84
17 6.24
Observation & Calculation
1. Experiment 1 : CH3COOH + [ Na+ + OH- ] ⟶ [ CH COO- + Na+ ]+ H2O
Experiment 2: [H3O+ + Cl-] +[Na+ + HO- ] ⟶ [Na+ + Cl- ]+ 2H2O
CH3COOH + [Na+ + HO-] ⟶ [CH3COO- + Na+ ] + H2O
2. Experiment 1: Equivalence point (9 ml; 2.10 ms/cm )
Experiment 2: Equivalence point 1 (5ml; 1.9 ms/cm)
Equivalence point 2 (11ml; 2.6 ms/cm)
3. Experiment 1:
at the beginning of the experiment we observe a curve due to the slight decrease
in the conductance then it increases, this curve occurs when HCL is neutralized
which first comes from adding water to CH3COOH to immerse the electrode before
the equivalence point is reached [CH3COO-] will increase so the conductance will
increase too but after the equivalence point is reached we observe that the curve is
still increasing but with a higher slope.
Experiment 2:
first the curve is decreasing due to the decrease in the concentration of H3O+ and then
increases due to the increase in the concentration of CH3COO- and continues
increasing after reaching the second equivalence point but with a higher slope due to
the excess of OH added from the buret.
4. Veq is obtained from the intersection of the 2 lines.
Experiment 1: At equivalence point: n(HO-)added = n(CH3COOH)
[CH3COOH] = [HO-] x Veq / V
[CH3COOH] = 0.2 x 9/ 10 = 0.18 M
Experiment 2: At eq1 : n(OH-)added = n(H3O+)
[H3O+] = [HO-] x Veq / V
[H3O+] = 0.2 x 5 /10 = 0.1 M
At eq2: [HO-] x (Veq2 – Veq1 ) =[CH3COOH] x V
[CH3COOH] = 0.2 x 6 / 10 = 0.12 M
5. Some of the advantages of conductometry are as follows:
- In this method, as conductance is measured by conductivity meter indicator is not
required.
- It can be carried out in dilute solution even for very low concentration acid/base
whereas PH-meter is only effective for concentration of acid and base well
known(known in which domain) not highly concentrated and not highly diluted.
-The equivalence point in the titration by conductometry is more precise than the
equivalence point corresponding in the pH meter.
- Suitable for both weak acid as well as weak base.
-conductometry can be used in the titration of any type of ions.
Some of the disadvantages of conductometry are as follows:
-Sometimes the salt level increases in the solution(the mobility will decrease) which
masks the conductivity and does not give accurate results.
-Sometimes high concentration of ions masks the conductivity and hence do not give
accurate results
Some of the advantages of a pH-meter are as follows:
- Gives numerical values.
- Gives the idea of how acidic or basic the substance is.
Some of the disadvantages of a pH-meter are as follows:
- PH-meter is only effective for acid/base titration where the concentration of acid and
base is well known(known in which domain) not highly concentrated and not highly
diluted.
-Too expensive -pH meters need to be calibrated