Modular Arithmetic AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025
Integer Part and Fractional Part Practice Problems
Last update: July 30, 2025
1. Solve in real numbers the equation
⌊x3 ⌋ + ⌊x2 ⌋ + ⌊x⌋ = {x} − 1.
Kiev Mathematical Olympiad 1972
2. Solve in real numbers the equation
⌊x2 − x − 2⌋ = ⌊x⌋.
h
3. Solve in real numbers the equation
25x − 2 13x + 4
= .
at
4 3
Titu Andreescu, Problem 1252, Revista Matematică din Timişoara 3/1972
4. Find the minimum natural number n such that the equation
has integer solutions.
n
10
x
eM
= 1989
S. Gashkov - All Russian Mathematical Olympiad 1989
om
92 92
5. Solve the equation x + = ⌊x⌋ + .
x ⌊x⌋
All Russian Mathematical Olympiad 1992
6. For how many positive integers n is it true that n < 1000 and that ⌊log2 n⌋ is a positive even integer?
es
AIME 1996
7. Find the positive integer n for which
⌊log2 1⌋ + ⌊log2 2⌋ + ⌊log2 3⌋ + . . . + ⌊log2 n⌋ = 1994.
Aw
AIME 1994
8. Find a positive number such that its fractional part, its integer part and the number itself form a
geometric progression
Canada Mathematical Olympiad 1975
9. Prove that for all x ∈ R the following identity holds:
x+3 x+4 x+5 x+1 x+1
− + = − .
6 6 6 2 3
Cristinel Mortici, Romania Mathematical Olympiad District Round 2002
1
Modular Arithmetic AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025
10. Suppose r is a real number for which
19 20 21 91
r+ + r+ + r+ + ... + r + = 546.
100 100 100 100
Find ⌊100r⌋.
AIME 1991
11. How many of the first 1000 positive integers can be expressed in the form
⌊2x⌋ + ⌊4x⌋ + ⌊6x⌋ + ⌊8x⌋,
h
where x is a real number?
AIME 1985
at
12. Let a > 0 such that {a−1 } = {a2 } and 2 < a2 < 3. Find the value of a12 − 144a−1 .
AIME 1997
⌊x + 1⌋ + x +
1
2
+ x+
eM
13. Consider the natural numbers m, n, where n ≥ 1. Find all real numbers x such that
1
3
+ ... + x +
1
n
= m.
Mircea Becheanu - Romania Mathematical Olympiad 1988
14. How many different integers are there in the sequence
om
2 2
19802
1 2
, , ..., ?
1980 1980 1980
Saint Petersburg Mathematical Olympiad 1980
15. Find
√ the total number of integers n between 1 and 10000 (both inclusive) such that n is divisible by
⌊ n⌋.
es
Singapore Mathematical Olympiad 2000
16. Is there a real number h such that ⌊h · 1969n ⌋ is not divisible by ⌊h · 1969n−1 ⌋ for any positive integer
Aw
n?
Moscow Mathematical Olympiad 1969
17. Find all numbers a such
that, positive integer N , all numbers ⌊a⌋, ⌊2a⌋, . . . , ⌊N a⌋ are distinct
for a fixed
1 2 N
and all numbers , ,..., are distinct.
a a a
Moscow Mathematical Olympiad 1955
√
18. Prove that there are infinitely positive integers n for which ⌊n 2⌋ is a power of 2.
Italy Team Selection Test 1993
19. Do there exist irrational numbers a and b such that a > 1, b > 1 and ⌊am ⌋ = ⌊bn ⌋ for no positive
integers m and n?
2
Modular Arithmetic AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025
V. Senderov, A. Spivak - Tournament of Towns 2002
√
20. Prove that ⌊(2 + 3)n ⌋ is an odd integer.
21. Let n be a positive integer. Prove that
√ √ √
⌊ n + n + 1⌋ = ⌊ 4n + 2⌋.
Putnam Competition 1948
22. Prove that for all positive integers n,
n2 n√ o
X n2 − 1
k ≤ ,
h
2
k=1
where {x} denotes the fractional part of x.
at
A. Hrabrov, All Russian Mathematical Olympiad 1999
23. For a positive real number α define
S(α) = {⌊nα⌋ : n = 1, 2, 3, . . .}.
24. Find the largest natural number n such that the sum
√ √
eM
Prove that the set of the positive integers cannot be expressed as the disjoint union of three sets S(α),
S(β), S(γ).
Putnam Competition 1995
om
√
⌊ 1⌋ + ⌊ 2⌋ + . . . + ⌊ n⌋
is a prime number.
Patrik Bak - Czech-Slovakia Mathematical Olympiad 2018
n j k
X n
25. Find all positive integers n such that is an even integer.
es
k
k=1
Dorin Andrica - Problem O349, Mathematical Reflections 5/2015
26. (Eisenstein’s Lemma) If (a, b) = 1 and a, b are odd, prove that
Aw
b−1 a−1
2 j 2
X na k X nb (a − 1)(b − 1)
+ = .
n=1
b n=1
a 4
27. Prove the identity
2
n 2 n
X n X n
= √ .
k2 k
k=1 k=1
Titu Andreescu - Problem O:48, Gazeta Matematică 6/1979
28. (Dirichlet’s Hyperbola Method) Let d(n) be the number of positive divisors of a positive integer n.
Prove that X X j x k √ 2
d(n) = 2 − x .
√ n
n≤x n≤ x