Module 2
Lesson 1: Kinetic particle model of matter
1. Lesson content:
- Session 1: States of matter
- Session 2: Kinetic model
- Session 3: Gases and the absolute scale of temperature
2. Material: Summary notes of PMT, textbooks, online resources.
3. Learning objectives and special requirements:
Learning objectives Requirements
Know the distinguishing properties of Can find a table that
solids, liquids and gases. distinguishes the
three states.
Describe the particle structure of solids, Can find some gifs to
liquids and gases in terms of the illustrate the motions
arrangement, separation and motion of of the particles and
the particles, and represent these their distance in each
states using simple particle diagrams state.
Session 1:
States of Know that the forces and distances
matter between particles (atoms, molecules,
ions and electrons) and the motion of
the particles affects the properties of
solids, liquids and gases
Know the terms for the changes in state Can find an image
between solids, liquids and gases (gas that depicts all terms
to solid and solid to gas transfers are for the changes in
not required) state.
Examples:
Session Learning objectives Requirements
2: Kinetic Know that the random motion of For the random motion:
model microscopic particles in a can give some examples
suspension is evidence for the of how particles move
kinetic particle model of matter rapidly and randomly
(e.g. an ink droplet can
spread in all directions if
being dropped in a water
beaker) this is
Brownian motion and this
gives evidence for the
kinetic particle model of
matter.
Can find some images or
gifs to illustrate
Describe and explain this motion
(sometimes known as Brownian For Brownian motion:
motion) in terms of random clarify the definition,
collisions between the microscopic show gifs of particles
particles in a suspension and the having Brownian motion
particles of the gas or liquid (liquids and gases)
Know that microscopic particles
may be moved by collisions with
light fast-moving molecules and
correctly use the terms atoms or
molecules as distinct from
microscopic particles
Describe the pressure and the For the pressure of the
changes in pressure of a gas in gas: Gases exert pressure
terms of the motion of its particles on a container due to
and their collisions with a surface collisions between gas
molecules… (cái này
trong phần 2.1.3 của PMT
nhưng nên xếp vào
session 2: particle model
vì sẽ chính xác hơn là
ghép vào session 3).
Learning objectives Requirements
Describe the relationship Can find some gifs to
between the motion of particles illustrate that lower
and temperature, including the temperature leads to lower
idea that there is a lowest kinetic energy.
possible temperature (−273 °C),
known as absolute zero, where
the particles have least kinetic
energy
Convert temperatures between Can note students that a
kelvin and degrees Celsius; change in Kelvin equals that
recall and use the equation T (in of Celsius (∆T=∆θ)
K) = θ (in °C) + 273
Describe qualitatively, in terms Can find some gifs to
of particles, the effect on the illustrate that:
pressure of a fixed mass of gas - For a constant
Session 3:
of: volume, increasing
Gases and
- a change of temperature temperature will make
the
at constant volume particles move faster,
absolute
- a change of volume at then they will collide
scale of
constant temperature with the container wall
temperat
harder and more
ure
frequently, which
makes the pressure
increase.
- For a constant
temperature,
increasing volume will
make particles collide
less frequently with
the container wall,
which makes the
pressure decrease.
Recall and use the equation pV The graphical representation
= constant for a fixed mass of is a curved line. Make sure
gas at constant temperature, students understand the
including a graphical relationship of p and V by
representation of this looking at the graph.
relationship.