Bhandari Public School 116

SOLUTIONS
STD 12 Chemistry
Assignment

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 9. 1 M, 2.5 litre NaOH solution is mixed with another 0.5 M, 3
litre NaOH solution. Then find out the molarity of resultant
1. “The importance of many pure substance in life depends solution
on their composition.” (a) 0.80 M (b) 1.0 M
Which of the following statement justify the above fact? (c) 0.73 M (d) 0.50 M
(a) 1 ppm of fluoride ions in water prevents tooth decay. 10. An X molal solution of a compound in benzene has mole
(b) 1.5 ppm of fluoride ions causes tooth decay. fraction of solute equal to 0.2. The value of X is
(c) Concentration above 1.5 ppm can be poisonous. (a) 14 (b) 3.2
(d) All of the above. (c) 1.4 (d) 2
2. Which of the following fluoride is used as rat poison? 11. The molarity of the solution containing 7.1 g of Na2SO4 in
(a) CaF2 (b) KF 100 ml of aqueous solution is
(c) NaF (d) MgF2 (a) 2 M (b) 0.5 M
3. Most of the processes in our body occur in (c) 1 M (d) 0.05 M
(a) solid solution (b) liquid solution 12. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at 25°C is 640 mm Hg
(c) gaseous solution (d) colloidal solution and that of solution of solute A is 630 mm Hg. The molality
4. The term homogenous mixtures signifies that of solution is
(a) its composition is uniform throughout the mixture. (a) 0.2 m (b) 0.4 m
(b) its properties are uniform throughout the mixture. (c) 0.5 m (d) 0.1 m
(c) both composition an d properties are un iform 13. 4.0 g of NaOH is dissolved in 100 ml solution. The normality
throughout the mixture. of the solution is
(d) neither composition nor properties are uniform (a) 0.1 N (b) 0.5 N
throughout the mixture. (c) 4.0 N (d) 1.0 N
5. Which of the following mixture is(are) called solution? 14. The molarity of pure water is
(i) water + ammonia (ii) water + acetone (a) 50 M (b) 18 M
(iii) acetone + alcohol (iv) hexane + water (c) 55.6 M (d) 100 M
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) 15. An aqueous solution of glucose is 10% in strength. The
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii) volume in which 1 g mole of it is dissolved, will be
6. Which of the following is a quantitative description of the (a) 9 litre (b) 1.8 litre
solution? (c) 8 litre (d) 0.9 litre
(a) Dilute (b) Concentrated
(c) Saturated (d) Molar 16. 10 g of NaCl is dissolved in 10 6 g of the solution. Its
7. When a solute is present in trace quantities the following concentration is
expression is used (a) 100 ppm (b) 0.1 ppm
(a) Gram per million (b) Milligram percent (c) 1 ppm (d) 10 ppm
(c) Microgram percent (d) Parts per million 17. On adding a solute to a solvent having vapour pressure
8. Molarity of liquid HCl will be, if density of solution is 0.80 atm, vapour pressure reduces to 0.60 atm. Mole fraction
1.17 gm/cc of solute is
(a) 36.5 (b) 32.05 (a) 0.25 (b) 0.75
(c) 18.25 (d) 42.10 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.33

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 EBD_7207
DPP
256 SOLUTIONS
18. 2.5 litres of NaCl solution contain 5 moles of the solute. N N N
What is the molarity? 29. If 50 ml H2SO4, 30 ml HNO3, 10 ml HCl is mixed
10 3 2
(a) 5 molar (b) 2 molar and solution is made to 1L. Then normality of resultant
(c) 2.5 molar (d) 12.5 molar solution is
19. The mole fraction of the solute in one molal aqueous
N N
solution i (a) (b)
20 40
(a) 0.009 (b) 0.018
(c) 0.027 (d) 0.036 N
(c) (d) N
20. 5 ml of N HCl, 20 ml of N/2 H2SO4 and 30 ml of N/3 HNO3 50
are mixed together and volume made to one litre. The 30. A solution made by dissolving 40 g NaOH in 1000 g of water
normality of the resulting solution is is
N N (a) 1 molar (b) 1 normal
(a) (b) (c) 1 molal (d) None of these
5 10
31. Which of the following concentration terms is/are
N N independent of temperature?
(c) (d)
20 40 (a) Molality only
21. 25ml of a solution of barium hydroxide on titration with a 0.1 (b) Molality and mole fraction
molar solution of hydrochloric acid gave a titre value of 35 (c) Molarity and mole fraction
ml. The molarity of barium hydroxide solution was (d) Molality and normality
(a) 0.07 (b) 0.14 32. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g NaOH in 1250 mL
(c) 0.28 (d) 0.35 of a solvent of density 0.8 mL/g. The molality of the solution
22. Mole fraction of the solute in a 1.00 molal aqueous solution in mol kg–1 is
is (a) 0.25 (b) 0.2
(a) 0.1770 (b) 0.0177 (c) 0.008 (d) 0.0064
(c) 0.0344 (d) 1.7700 33. Which of the following units is useful in relating
23. What is the normality of a 1 M solution of H3PO4 ? concentration of solution with its vapour pressure?
(a) 0.5 N (b) 1.0 N (a) mole fraction (b) parts per million
(c) 2.0 N (d) 3.0 N (c) mass percentage (d) molality
24. The volume of 4 N HCl and 10 N HCl required to make 1 litre 34. For mixture containing “four” components which of the
of 6 N HCl are following is correct in term of mole fraction?
(a) 0.75 litre of 10 N HCl and 0.25 litre of 4 N HCl (a) x1+ x2+ x3+ x4
(b) 0.50 litre of 4 N HCl and 0.50 litre of 10 N HCl n3
(b) x3
(c) 0.67 litre of 4 N HCl and 0.33 litre of 10 N HCl n1 n 2 n 3
(d) 0.80 litre of 4 N HCl and 0.20 litre of 10 N HCl
n1 n1
25. Molarity of H2SO4 is 18 M. Its density is 1.8 g/ml. Hence (c x1
molality is n1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n
(a) 36 (b) 200 (d) n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 = 1
35. Which of the following concentration unit is independent
(c) 500 (d) 18
of temperature ?
26. 200 ml of water is added to 500 ml of 0.2 M solution. What is
(a) Normality (b) Molarity
the molarity of this diluted solution ?
(c) Formality (d) Molality
(a) 0.5010 M (b) 0.2897 M
36. Which of the following factor do not affect solubility of
(c) 0.7093 M (d) 0.1428 M
solid solute in liquid ?
27. How many grams of concentrated nitric acid solution should
(a) Temperature (b) Pressure
be used to prepare 250 mL of 2.0M HNO3 ? The concentrated
(c) Nature of solute (d) All of these
acid is 70% HNO3
37. When a solid solute is added to the solvent, some solute
(a) 90.0 g conc. HNO3 (b) 70.0 g conc. HNO3
dissolves and its concentration increases in solution. This
(c) 54.0 g conc. HNO3 (d) 45.0 g conc. HNO3 process is known as ______. Some solute particles in
28. For preparing 0.1 N solution of a compound from its impure solution collide with the solid solute particles and get
sample of which the percentage purity is known, the weight separated out of solution. This process is known as
of the substance required will be ______.
(a) Less than the theoretical weight (a) Crystallization, dissolution.
(b) More than the theoretical weight (b) Dissolution, saturation.
(c) Same as the theoretical weight (c) Saturation, crystallization.
(d) None of these (d) Dissolution, crystallization.

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SOLUTIONS 257 DPP
38. At the state of dynamic equilibrium, for 43. The statement “If 0.003 moles of a gas are dissolved in 900
solute + solvent solution. g of water under a pressure of 1 atmosphere, 0.006 moles
(a) Rate of dissolution = Rate of unsaturation. will be dissolved under a pressure of 2 atmospheres”,
(b) Rate of dissolution = Rate of unsaturation. illustrates
(c) Rate of dissolution = Rate of saturation (a) Dalton’s law of partial pressure
(d) Rate of crystallization = Rate of saturation. (b) Graham’s law
39. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (c) Raoult’s law
(a) A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved (d) Henry’s law
at the same temperature and pressure is called a 44. According to Henry’s law, the amount of gas that will
saturated solution. dissolve in blood plasma or any other liquid is determined
(b) An unsaturated solution is one in which more solute by which of these factor?
can be dissolved at the same temperature. (a) Solubility of the gas in the liquid.
(c) The solution which is in dynamic equilibrium with (b) The total pressure of the gas mixture .
undissolved solute is the saturated solution.
(c) pH of the liquid.
(d) The minimum amount of solute dissolved in a given
(d) The osmotic pressure of the gas mixture.
amount of solvent is its solubility.
40. On dissolving sugar in water at room temperature solution 45. Henry’s law constant of oxygen is 1.4 × 10–3 mol. lit–1. atm–1
feels cool to touch. Under which of the following cases at 298 K. How much of oxygen is dissolved in 100 ml at 298
dissolution of sugar will be most rapid ? K when the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.5 atm?
(a) Sugar crystals in cold water. (a) 1.4 g (b) 3.2 g
(b) Sugar crystals in hot water. (c) 22.4 mg (d) 2.24 mg
(c) Powdered sugar in cold water. 46. At equillibrium the rate of dissolution of a solid solute in a
(d) Powdered sugar in hot water. volatile liquid solvent is ______.
41. The solubility of a solid in a liquid is significantly affected (a) less than the rate of crystallisation.
by temperature changes. (b) greater than the rate of crystallisation.
Solute + Solvent Solution. (c) equal to the rate of crystallisation.
The system being in a dynamic equilibrium must follow (d) zero
Le-chatelier’s principle. Considering the Le-chatelier’s 47. A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’. Precipitation
principle which of the following is correct? of substance ‘A’ takes place when small amount of ‘A’ is
(a) added to the solution. The solution is ______.
sol > 0; solubility ; temperature
(a) saturated (b) supersaturated
(b) sol < 0; solubility ; temperature
(c) unsaturated (d) concentrated
(c) sol > 0; solubility ; temperature 48. Maximum amount of a solid solute that can be dissolved in
(d) a specified amount of a given liquid solvent does not depend
sol < 0; solubility ; temperature
upon __________.
42. W1 (a) Temperature (b) Nature of solute
Piston W1 W2 W3 (c) Pressure (d) Nature of solvent
49. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of
people living at high altitude is due to _________.
(a) low temperature
(a) (b) (b) low atmospheric pressure
On the basis of the figure given above which of the (c) high atmospheric pressure
following is not true? (d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure
(a) In figure (a) assuming the state of dynamic equilibrium 50. Value of Henry's constant KH _______.
rate of gaseous particles entering and leaving the (a) increases with increase in temperature.
solution phase is same. (b) decreases with increase in temperature.
(b) In figure (b) on compressing the gas number of (c) remains constant.
gaseous particles per unit volume over the solution
(d) first increases then decreases.
increases.
51. The value of Henry's constant KH is _______.
(c) Rate at which gaseous particles are striking the
solution to enter it, decreases. (a) greater for gases with higher solubility.
(d) Rate at which gaseous particles are striking the (b) greater for gases with lower solubility.
solution to enter it, increases. (c) constant for all gases.
(d) not related to the solubility of gases.

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 EBD_7207
258 SOLUTIONS
52. Which of the followingfactor(s) affect the solubility of a 59. Iodine and sulphur dissolve in
gaseous solute in the fixed volume of liquid solvent ? (a) water (b) benzene
(i) Nature of solute (ii) Temperature (iii) Pressure (c) carbon disulphide (d) ethanol
(a) (i) and (iii) at constant T 60. The liquids at a given temperature vapourise and under
(b) (i) and (ii) at constant P equilibrium conditions the pressure exerted by the vapours
(c) (ii) and (iii) only of the liquid over the liquid phase is called
(d) (iii) only (a) osmotic pressure (b) atmospheric pressure
53. Which of the following graph is a correct representation of (c) hydrostatic pressure (d) vapour pressure
Henry’s law? 61. The vapour pressure of the solution at a given temperature
(a) is found to be …………… than the vapour pressure of the
(b) Partial pressure of gas
Partial pressure of gas

pure solvent at the same temperature.

(a) higher (b) lower
(c) equal (d) can't calculate
62. The decrease in the vapour pressure of solvent depends
on the
Mole fraction of gas
(a) quantity of non-volatile solute present in the solution
Mole fraction of gas
in solution in solution (b) nature of non-volatile solute present in the solution
(c) molar mass of non-volatile solute present in the
(c) (d)
Partial pressure of gas
Partial pressure of gas

solution
(d) physical state of non-volatile solute present in the
solution
63. A plot of p1 or p2 vs the mole fractions x1 and x2 is given
as.

Mole fraction of gas Mole fraction of gas

in solution in solution
p2 III p2°
54. Which is an application of Henry’s law? = p1 +
Vapour pressure

p Total II
(a) Spray paint (b) Bottled water p1° p2
(c) Filling up atire (d) Soft drinks (soda)
55. Scuba divers may experience a condition called ______.
p
To avoids this, the tanks used by scuba divers are filled 1
I
with air diluted with _____ .
(a) Migrains, Hydrogen (b) Cramps, Nitrogen x1 = 1 Mole fraction x1 = 0
(c) Nausea, Oxygen (d) Bends, Helium x2 = 0 x2 x2 = 1
56. People living at high attitudes often reported with a problem
In this figure, lines I and II pass through the point for
of feeling weak and inability to think clearly. The reason for
which.
this is.
(a) x1 1; x2 = 1 (b) x1 = x2 1
(a) at high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less
(c) x1 = 1; x2 d) x1 = x2 = 1
than at the ground level.
64. The vapour pressure of two liquids ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are 80
(b) at high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is more
and 60 torr, respectively. The total vapour pressure of
than at the ground level.
solution obtained by mixing 3 mole of P and 2 mole of Q
(c) at high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is equal
would be
to at the ground level.
(a) 72 torr (b) 140 torr
(d) None of these.
(c) 68 torr (d) 20 torr
57. ____ a contemporary of Henry concluded independently
65. 18 g of glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g of water. The
that solubility of a gas in a liquid solution is a function of
vapour pressure of water for this aqueous solution is
____ of the gas.
(a) 76.00 torr (b) 752.40 torr
(a) Mosley, temperature
(c) 759.00 torr (d) 7.60 torr
(b) Dalton, temperature
66. PA and PB are the vapour pressure of pure liquid components,
(c) Dalton, partial pressure
A and B, respectively of an ideal binary solution. If XA
(d) Mosley, partial pressure represents the mole fraction of component A, the total
58. Raoult’s law becomes a special case of Henry’s law when pressure of the solution will be.
(a) K H = p ° (b) K H > p ° (a) PA + XA (PB – PA) (b) PA + XA (PA – PB)
1 1
(c) PB + XA (PB – PA) (d) PB + XA (PA – PB)
(c) K H < p1° (d) K H ³ p1°

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SOLUTIONS 259
67. A mixture of ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol has a vapour 76. Which one of the following is non-ideal solution
pressure of 290 mm Hg at 300 K. The vapour pressure of (a) Benzene + toluene
propyl alcohol is 200 mm Hg. If the mole fraction of ethyl (b) n-hexane + n-heptane
alcohol is 0.6, its vapour pressure (in mm Hg) at the same (c) Ethyl bromide + ethyl iodide
temperature will be (d) CCl4 + CHCl3
(a) 360 (b) 350 77. Mixtures of ethanol and acetone show positive deviation.
The reason is
(c) 300 (d) 700
(a) In pure ethanol, molecules are hydrogen bonded.
68. Two liquids X and Y form an ideal solution. At 300 K, vapour
(b) In pure acetone, molecules are hydrogen bonded
pressure of the solution containing 1 mol of X and 3 mol of (c) In both molecules are hydrogen bonded
Y is 550 mm Hg. At the same temperature, if 1 mol of Y is (d) None of these
further added to this solution, vapour pressure of the 78. A mixture of components A and B will show –ve deviation
solution increases by 10 mm Hg. Vapour pressure ( in mm when
Hg) of X and Y in their pure states will be, respectively (a) Vmix > 0
(a) 300 and 400 (b) 400 and 600 (b) Hmix < 0
(c) 500 and 600 (d) 200 and 300 (c) A – B interaction is weaker than A – A and B – B
69. The vapour pressure of two liquids X and Y are 80 and 60 interactions
torr respectively. The total vapour pressure of the ideal (d) A–B interaction is stronger than A–A and B–B
solution obtained by mixing 3 moles of X and 2 moles of Y interactions.
would be 79. Which of the following liquid pairs shows a positive
(a) 68 Torr (b) 140 Torr deviation from Raoult’s law ?
(c) 48 Torr (d) 72 Torr (a) Water - Nitric acid
70. The vapour pressure of pure benzene and toluene at a (b) Benzene - Methanol
particular temperature are 100 mm and 50 mm respectively. (c) Water - Hydrochloric acid
(d) Acetone - Chloroform
Then the mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase in
80. A solution of acetone in ethanol
contact with equimolar solution of benzene and toluene is
(a) shows a positive deviation from Raoult’s law
(a) 0.67 (b) 0.75 (b) behaves like a non ideal solution
(c) 0.33 (d) 0.50 (c) obeys Raoult’s law
71. A solution containing components A and B follows Raoult's (d) shows a negative deviation from Raoult’s law
law when 81. Negative deviation from Raoult’s law is observed in
(a) A – B attraction force is greater than A – A and B – B which one of the following binary liquid mixtures?
(b) A – B attraction force is less than A – A and B – B (a) Ethanol and acetone
(c) A – B attraction force remains same as A–A and B –B (b) Benzene and toluene
(c) Acetone and chloroform
(d) volume of solution is different from sum of volume of
(d) Chloroethane and bromoethane
solute and solvent
82. Which one of the following binary liquid systems shows
72. Relation between partial pressure and mole fraction is stated positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
by (a) Benzene-toluene
(a) Graham’s law (b) Raoult’s law (b) Carbon disulphide-acetone
(c) Le-Chatelier (d) Avogadro law (c) Phenol-aniline
73. Which one of the following is not correct for an ideal (d) Chloroform-acetone
solution? 83. A binary liquid solution is prepared by mixing n-heptane
(a) It must obey Raoult’s law and ethanol. Which one of the following statements is
correct regarding the behaviour of the solution?
(b) H 0
(a) The solution is non-ideal, showing negative deviation
(c) H V 0 from Raoult’s Law.
(d) All are correct (b) The solution is non-ideal, showing positive deviation
74. An ideal solution is formed when its components from Raoult’s Law.
(a) have no volume change on mixing (c) n-heptane shows positive deviation while ethanol
(b) have no enthalpy change on mixing shows negative deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(d) The solution formed is an ideal solution.
(c) Both (a) and (b) are correct 84. Which one is not equal to zero for an ideal solution:
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) is correct (a) Smix
75. All form ideal solution except (b) Vmix
(a) C6H6 and C6H5CH3 (b) C2H6 and C2H5I (c) P = Pobserved - PRaoult
(c) C6H5Cl and C6H5Br (d) C2H5 I and C2H5OH. (d) Hmix

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 EBD_7207
260 SOLUTIONS
85. A mixture of two completely miscible non-ideal liquids which 93. The value of P° for benzene is 640 mm of Hg. The vapour
distill as such without change in its composition at a pressure of solution containing 2.5gm substance in 39gm.
constant temperature as though it were a pure liquid. This benzene is 600mm of Hg the molecular mass of X is
mixture is known as (a) 65.25 (b) 130
(a) binary liquid mixture (b) azeotropic mixture (c) 40 (d) 75
(c) eutectic mixture (d) ideal mixture 94. The vapour pressure at a given temperature of an ideal
86. The azeotropic mixture of water (b.p.100°C) and HCl solution containing 0.2 mol of a non-volatile solute and 0.8
(b.p.85°C) boils at 108.5°C. When this mixture is distilled it mol of solvent is 60 mm of Hg. The vapour pressure of the
is possible to obtain pure solvent at the same temperature is
(a) pure HCl (a) 150 mm of Hg (b) 60 mm of Hg
(b) pure water (c) 75 mm of Hg (d) 120 mm of Hg
(c) pure water as well as pure HCl 95. 12 g of a nonvolatile solute dissolved in 108 g of water
(d) neither HCl nor H2O in their pure states produces the relative lowering of vapour pressure of 0.1.
87. The system that forms maximum boiling azeotrope is The molecular mass of the solute is
(a) carbondisulphide – acetone (a) 80 (b) 60
(b) benzene – toluene (c) 20 (d) 40
(c) acetone – chloroform 96. The amount of solute (molar mass 60 [Link] –1) that must be
(d) n-hexane – n-heptane added to 180 g of water so that the vapour pressure of water
88. Which one of the following binary mixtures forms an is lowered by 10% is
azeotrope with minimum boiling point type? (a) 30 g (b) 60 g
(a) acetone-ethanol (b) H2O-HNO3 (c) 120 g (d) 12 g
(c) benzene-toluene (d) n-hexane-n-heptane 97. The vapour pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mm Hg. If 18 g
89. On the basis of information given below mark the correct of glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g of water at 20°C,
option. the vapour pressure of the resulting solution will be
(a) 17.325 mm Hg (b) 15.750 mm Hg
Information: On adding acetone to methanol some of the
(c) 16.500 mm Hg (d) 17.500 mm Hg
hydrogen bonds between methanol molecules break.
98. Which one of the following is a colligative property ?
(a) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will
form boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation (a) Boiling point (b) Vapour pressure
from Raoult’s law. (c) Osmotic pressure (d) Freezing point
(b) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture 99. Which one of the following aqueous solutions will exihibit
forms boiling azeotrope and will show positive highest boiling point ?
deviation from Raoult’s law. (a) 0.015 M urea (b) 0.01 M KNO3
(c) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will (c) 0.01 M Na2SO4 (d) 0.015 M glucose
form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show negative 100. The rise in the boiling point of a solution containing 1.8 g of
deviation from Raoult’s law. glucose in 100 g of solvent is 0.1°C. The molal elevation
constant of the liquid is
(d) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will
form boiling azeotrope and will show negative (a) 0.01 K/m (b) 0.1 K/m
deviation from Raoult’s law. (c) 1 K/m (d) 10 K/m
90. According to Raoult's law, relative lowering of vapour 101. For an electrolyte, elevation of B.P. is directly proportional to
pressure for a solution is equal to (a) molarity (b) molality
(a) moles of solute (b) moles of solvent (c) mole fraction (d) All of these
(c) mole fraction of solute (d) mole fraction of solvent 102. Which of the following aqueous solution has minimum
freezing point ?
91. The relative lowering of the vapour pressure is equal to the
(a) 0.01 m NaCl (b) 0.005 m C2H5OH
ratio between the number of
(c) 0.005 m MgI2 (d) 0.005 m MgSO4.
(a) solute molecules to the solvent molecules
103. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute (molar mass 250 g mol–1)
(b) solute molecules to the total molecules in the solution
was dissolved in 51.2 g of benzene. If the freezing point
(c) solvent molecules to the total molecules in the solution
depression constant, Kf of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol –1, the
(d) solvent molecules to the total number of ions of the
freezing point of benzene will be lowered by
solute.
(a) 0.3 K (b) 0.5 K
92. Vapour pressure of benzene at 30°C is 121.8 mm Hg. When
(c) 0.4 K (d) 0.2
15 g of a non volatile solute is dissolved in 250 g of benzene
104. In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid HX the degree
its vapour pressure decreased to 120.2 mm Hg. The
of ionization is 0.3. Taking kf for water as 1.85, the freezing
molecular weight of the solute (Mo. wt. of solvent = 78)
point of the solution will be nearest to
(a) 356.2 (b) 456.8
(a) – 0.360ºC (b) – 0.260ºC
(c) 530.1 (d) 656.7
(c) + 0.481ºC (d) – 0.481ºC

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SOLUTIONS 261
105. The molecular weight of benzoic acid in benzene as 116. Osmotic pressure of a solution at a given temperature
determined by depression in freezing point method (a) increases with concentration
corresponds to (b) decreases with concentration
(a) ionization of benzoic acid. (c) remains same
(b) dimerization of benzoic acid. (d) initially increases and then decreases
(c) trimerization of benzoic acid. 117. At 25°C, at 5 % aqueous solution of glucose (molecular
(d) solvation of benzoic acid. weight = 180 g mol–1) is isotonic with a 2% aqueous solution
106. A 0.5 molal solution of ethylene glycol in water is used as containing an unknown solute. What is the molecular weight
coolant in a car. If the freezing point constant of water be of the unknown solute?
1.86°C per mole, the mixture shall freeze at (a) 60 (b) 80
(a) 0.93°C (b) –0.93°C (c) 72 (d) 63
(c) 1.86°C (d) –1.86°C 118. Which one of the following statements is false?
107. A solution of urea (mol. mass 56 g mol 1) boils at 100.18 C (a) Raoult’s law states that the vapour pressure of a
at the atmospheric pressure. If Kf and Kb for water are component over a binary solution of volatile liquids is
1.86 and 0.512 K kg mol 1 respectively, the above solution directly proportional to its mole fraction
will freeze at (b) Two sucrose solutions of the same molality prepared
(a) 0.654 C (b) 0.654 C in different solvents will have the same depression of
(c) 6.54 C (d) 6.54 C freezing point
108. The freezing point of 1% solution of lead nitrate in water will (c) The correct order of osmotic pressures of 0.01 M
be solution of each compound is
(a) 2°C (b) 1°C BaCl2 > KCl > CH3COOH > glucose
(c) 0°C (d) below 0°C (d) In the equation osmotic pressure = MRT, M is the
109. A solution of sucrose (molar mass = 342 g mol–1) has been molarity of the solution
prepared by dissolving 68.5 g of sucrose in 1000 g of water. 119. Which of the following statements is false?
The freezing point of the solution obtained will be (a) Units of atmospheric pressure and osmotic pressure
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1). are the same.
(a) – 0.372°C (b) – 0.520°C (b) In reverse osmosis, solvent molecules move through
(d) + 0.372°C (d) – 0.570°C a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower
110. A solution containing 1.8 g of a compound (empirical formula concentration of solute to a region of higher
CH2O) in 40 g of water is observed to freeze at –0.465° C. concentration.
The molecular formula of the compound is (c) The value of molal depression constant depends on
(Kf of water = 1.86 kg K mol–1) nature of solvent.
(a) C2H4O2 (b) C3H6O3 (d) Relative lowering of vapour pressure, is a
(c) C4H8O4 (d) C6H12O6 dimensionless quantity.
111. Blood cells retain their normal shape in solution which are 120. During osmosis, flow of water through a semipermeable
(a) hypotonic to blood (b) isotonic to blood membrane is
(c) hypertonic to blood (d) equinormal to blood. (a) from both sides of semipermeable membrane with equal
112. Isotonic solutions have same flow rates
(a) molar concentration (b) molality (b) from both sides of semipermeable membrane with
(c) normality (d) None of these unequal flow rates
113. As a result of osmosis, the volume of more concentrated (c) from solution having lower concentration only
solution (d) from solution having higher concentration only
(a) gradually decreases (b) gradually increases 121. If 0.1 M solution of glucose and 0.1 M solution of urea are
(c) is not affected (d) suddenly increases placed on two sides of the semipermeable membrane to
114. Which of the following pairs of solution are isotonic at the equal heights, then it will be correct to say that
same temperature ? (a) there will be no net movement across the membrane
(a) 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 (b) glucose will flow towards urea solution
(b) 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4 (c) urea will flow towards glucose solution
(c) 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M MgCl2 (d) water will flow from urea solution to glucose
(d) 0.2 M urea and 0.1 M NaCl 122. The van’t Hoff factor i for a compound which undergoes
115. Osmotic pressure of 0.4% urea solution is 1.64 atm and that dissociation in one solvent and association in other solvent
of 3.42% cane sugar is 2.46 atm. When the above two is respectively
solutions are mixed, the osmotic pressure of the resulting (a) less than one and greater than one.
solution is : (b) less than one and less than one.
(a) 0.82 atm (b) 2.46 atm (c) greater than one and less than one.
(c) 1.64 atm (d) 4.10 atm (d) greater than one and greater than one.

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 EBD_7207
262 SOLUTIONS
123. If the various terms in the given below expressions have 132. The elevation in boiling point of a solution of 13.44 g of
usual meanings, the van’t Hoff factor (i) cannot be calculated CuCl2 in 1 kg of water using the following information will
by which one of the following expressions be (Molecular weight of CuCl2 = 134.4 g and Kb= 0.52 K
(a) V kg mol 1)
inRT (a) 0.16 (b) 0.05
(b) T f iK f .m (c) 0.1 (d) 0.2
(c) Tb iK b .m 133. Freezing point of an aqueous solution is
Psolvent Psolution – 0.186°C. If the values of Kb and Kf of water are respectively
n
(d) i 0.52 K kg mol–1 and 1.86 K kg mol–1, then the elevation of
Psolvent N n boiling point of the solution in K is
124. Van’t Hoff factor is given by the expression ________. (a) 0.52 (b) 1.04
(c) 1.34 (d) 0.052
Normal molar mass
(a) i
Abnormal molar mass STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
Abnormal molar mass 134. Study the given statements and choose the correct option.
(b) i (i) 3.62 mass percentage of sodium hypochlorite in water
Normal molar mass
is used as commercial bleaching solution.
Observed colligative property (ii) 35% volume percentage of ethylene glycol is used as
(c) i an antifreeze (as coolent in car engines).
Calculated colligative property
(iii) Concentration of dissolved oxygen in a litre of sea
(d) Both (a) and (c) water is 5.8 ppm.
125. We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as 'A', 'B' (a) Statements (i) and (ii) are correct
and 'C' with concentrations 0.1M, 0.01M and 0.001M, (b) Statements (i) and (iii) are correct
respectively. The value of van't Hoff factor for these (c) Statements (ii) and (iii) are correct
solutions will be in the order ________. (d) Statements (i),(ii) and (iii) are correct
(a) iA < iB < iC (b) iA > iB > iC 135. Molarity and molality of a solution of NaOH is calculated.
(c) iA = iB = iC (d) iA < iB > iC If now temperature of the solution is increased then which
126. If is the degree of dissociation of Na 2SO4, the Vant Hoff’s of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
factor (i ) used for calculating the molecular mass is (i) Molarity of solution decreases
(a) 1 + (b) 1 – (ii) Molality of the solution increases
(c) 1 + 2 (d) 1 – 2 (a) Both statements are correct
127. The freezing point of equimolal aqueous solutions will be (b) Statement (i) is correct only
highest for (c) Statement (ii) is correct only
(d) Both statements are incorrect.
(a) C6H5NH3+Cl– (aniline hydrochloride)
136. “If temperature increases solubility of gas decreases”. For
(b) Ca(NO3)2 this situation which of the following statement(s) is/are
(c) La(NO3)3 correct ?
(d) C6H12O6 (glucose) (i) Reaction is endothermic
128. The correct relationship between the boiling points of very (ii) Le-chatelier’s principle can be applied
dilute solutions of AlCl3 (t1) and CaCl2 (t2), having the (a) Statement (i) and (ii) both are correct
same molar concentration is (b) Statement (i) is correct only
(a) t1 = t2 (b) t1 > t2 (c) Statement (ii) is correct only
(c) t2 > t1 (d) t2 t1 (d) Both statement(s) (i) and (ii) are incorrect
129. At 25°C, the highest osmotic pressure is exhibited by 0.1 M 137. Read the following statements carefully and choose the
solution of correct option.
(a) CaCl2 (b) KCl (i) Different gases have different KH values at the same
(c) glucose (d) urea temperature.
(ii) Higher the value of KH at a given temperature, lower
130. Which one of the following salts will have the same value of
is the solubility of the nature of gas in the liquid.
van’t Hoff factor (i) as that of K4[Fe(CN)6].
(iii) KH is a function of the nature of the gas.
(a) Al2(SO4)3 (b) NaCl (c)
(iv) Solubility of gases increases with increase of
Al(NO3)3 (d) Na2SO4. temperature.
131. Which of the following 0.10 m aqueous solutions will have (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
the lowest freezing point ? (b) (ii) and (iv) are correct.
(a) Al2(SO4)3 (b) C6H12O6 (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(c) KCl (d) C12 H22 O11 (d) (i) and (iv) are correct.

8
SOLUTIONS 263
138. Read the following statements and choose the correct 142. Read the following statements carefully and choose the
option. correct option
(i) Polar solutes dissolve in a polar solvent. (i) Osmotic pressure is not a colligative property.
(ii) Polar solutes dissolve in a non-polar solvent. (ii) For dilute solutions, osmotic pressure is proportional
(iii) Non-polar solutes dissolve in a non-polar solvent. to the molarity, C of the solution at a given temperature
(iv) Non-polar solutes dissolve in a polar solvent. T.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct. (iii) During osmosis ,solvent molecules always flow from
higher concentration to lower concentration of
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
solution.
(c) (i) and (iii) are correct. (iv) The osmotic pressure has been found to depend on
(d) (ii) and (iv) are correct. the concentration of the solution
139. Read the following statements carefully and choose the (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
correct option (b) (ii) and (iv) are correct
(i) The vapour pressure of a liquid decreases with (c) (iii), and (iv) are correct
increase of temperature. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(ii) The liquid boils at the temperature at which its vapour
pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
(iii) Vapour pressure of the solvent decreases in the
presence of non-volatile solute. 143. Match the columns
(iv) Vapour pressure of the pure solvent and solution is a Column -I Column-II
function of temperature. (A) Mass percentage (p) Medicine and pharmacy
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct (B) Mass by volume (q) Concentration of
(b) (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct pollutants in water
(c) (ii), (iii), and (iv) are correct (C) ppm (r) Industrial chemical
application
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(D) Volume percentage (s) Liquid solutions
140. On the basis of information given below mark the correct
(a) A – (q), B – (p), C – (s), D – (r)
option.
(b) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q)
(i) In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture
intermolecular interactions of A-A and B-B type are (c) A – (r), B – (q), C – (s), D – (p)
nearly same as A-B type interactions. (d) A – (r), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s)
(ii) In ethanol and acetone mixture A-A or B-B type 144. Match the columns
intermolecular interactions are stronger than A-B type Column-I Column-II
interactions. (A) Na-Hg Amalgam (p) gas - solid
(iii) In chloroform and acetone mixture A-A or B-B type (B) H2 in Pd (q) gas - liquid
intermolecular interactions are weaker than A-B type (C) Camphor in nitrogen gas (r) liquid - solid
interactions. (D) Oxygen dissolved in water (s) solid - gas
(a) Solution (ii) and (iii) will follow Raoult's law. (a) A – (q), B – (s), C – (r), D – (p)
(b) Solution (i) will follow Raoult's law. (b) A – (t), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s)
(c) Solution (ii) will show negative deviation from Raoult's (c) A – (r), B – (p), C – (s), D – (q)
law. (d) A – (s), B – (q), C – (p), D – (p)
(d) Solution (iii) will show positive deviation from Raoult's 145. Match the Column I, II & III and choose the correct option.
law. Column-I Column-II Column-III
141. Which observation(s) reflect(s) colligative properties? (A) Gaseous (p) Solid-liquid (h) Copper dissolved
(i) A 0.5 m NaBr solution has a higher vapour pressure solutions in gold
than a 0.5 m BaCl2 solution at the same temperature (B) Liquid (q) Solid-solid (i) Chloroform mixed
(ii) Pure water freezes at the higher temperature than pure solutions with nitrogen
methanol (C) Solid (r) Liquid-gas (j) Common salt
(iii) a 0.1 m NaOH solution freezes at a lower temperature solutions dissolved in water
than pure water (a) (A) – (r) – (h), (B) – (r) – (i), (C) – (p) – (j)
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below (b) (A) – (r) – (i), (B) – (p) – (j), (C) – (q) – (h)
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (A) – (r) – (j), (B) – (p) – (h), (C) – (q) – (i)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iii) (d) (A) – (r) – (j), (B) – (q) – (i), (C) – (p) – (h)

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 EBD_7207
264 SOLUTIONS
146. Match the columns 151. Assertion : Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by
Column-I Column-II non-ideal solutions and they may have boiling points either
(A) Saturated solution (p) Solution having same greater than both the components or less than both the
osmotic pressure at a given components.
temperature as that of given Reason : The composition of the vapour phase is same as
solution. that of the liquid phase of an azeotropic mixture.
(B) Binary solution (q) A solution whose osmotic 152. Assertion : When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling
pressure is less than that point of water increases.
of another. Reason : When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent
(C) Isotonic solution (r) Solution with two elevation in boiling point is observed.
components 153. Assertion : When NaCl is added to water a depression in
(D) Hypotonic solution (s) A solution which contains freezing point is observed.
maximum amount of solute Reason : The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution
that can be dissolved in a causes depression in the freezing point.
given amount of solvent at 154. Assertion : When a solution is separated from the pure
a given temperature. solvent by a semi- permeable membrane, the solvent
(a) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q) molecules pass through it from pure solvent side to the
(b) A – (r), B – (p), C – (s), D – (q) solution side
(c) A – (r), B – (s), C – (q), D – (p) Reason : Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high
(d) A – (q), B – (p), C – (r), D – (s) concentration solution to a region of low concentration
147. Match the laws given in the Column-I with expression given solution.
in Column-II.
Column-I Column-II CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
(A) Raoult’s law (p) Tf = Kfm 155. The normality of orthophosphoric acid having purity of 70
(B) Henry’s law (q) = CRT % by weight and specific gravity 1.54 is
o o (a) 11 N (b) 22 N
(C) Elevation of boiling point (r) p x1p1 x 2 p 2
(D) Depression in freezing point (s) Tb = Kbm (c) 33 N (d) 44 N
156. Which of the following statements, regarding the mole
(E) Osmotic pressure (t) p = KH.x fraction (x) of a component in solution, is incorrect?
(a) A – (r), B – (t), C – (s), D – (p), E – (q)
(a) 0 x 1
(b) A – (t), B – (r), C – (q), D – (s), E – (p)
(c) A – (p), B – (t), C – (r), D – (q), E – (s) (b) x 1
(d) A – (s), B – (p), C – (q), D – (r), E – (t) (c) x is always non-negative
(d) None of these
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS 157. Which one of the following gases has the lowest value of
Henry’s law constant?
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, (a) N2 (b) He
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four (c) H2 (d) CO2
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You 158. Equal masses of methane and oxygen are mixed in an empty
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below. container at 25°C. The fraction of the total pressure exerted
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct by oxygen is
explanation for assertion. (a) 1/2 (b) 2/3
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a 1 273
correct explanation for assertion (c) (d) 1/3
3 298
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect 159. When a gas is bubbled through water at 298 K, a very dilute
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct. solution of the gas is obtained. Henry’s law constant for
148. Assertion : Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes the gas at 298 K is 100 kbar. If the gas exerts a partial pressure
with temperature. of 1 bar, the number of millimoles of the gas dissolved in
Reason : The volume of a solution changes with change in one litre of water is
temperature. (a) 0.555 (b) 5.55
149. Assertion : If a liquid solute more volatile than the solvent (c) 0.0555 (d) 55.5
is added to the solvent, the vapour pressure of the solution 160. KH value for Ar(g), CO2(g), HCHO (g) and CH4(g) are 40.39,
may increase i.e., ps > po. 1.67, 1.83 × 10–5 and 0.413 respectively.
Reason : In the presence of a more volatile liquid solute, Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing
only the solute will form the vapours and solvent will not. solubility.
150. Assertion : If one component of a solution obeys Raoult’s (a) HCHO < CH4 < CO2 < Ar
law over a certain range of composition, the other component (b) HCHO < CO2 < CH4 < Ar
will not obey Henry’s law in that range. (c) Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO
Reason : Raoult’s law is a special case of Henry’s law. (d) Ar < CH4 < CO2 < HCHO

10
SOLUTIONS 265
161. What is the ratio of no. of moles of nitrogen to that of (a) 35.67 g (b) 356.7 g
oxygen in a container of 5 litre at atmospheric pressure? (c) 432.8 g (d) 502.7 g
(a) 1 : 1.71 (b) 1 : 2 170. For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non-volatile non-
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 24 electrolyte solute in 100 g of water, the elevation
162. Consider a and b are two components of a liquid mixture, in boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2°C. Assuming
their corresponding vapour pressure (mmHg) are concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration
respectively 450 and 700 in pure states and total pressure of solvent, the vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of the solution
given is 600. Then corresponding composition in liquid is (take Kb = 0.76 K kg mol–1)
phase will be (a) 724 (b) 740
(a) 0.4, 0.6 (b) 0.5, 0.5 (c) 736 (d) 718
(a) 0.6, 0.4 (d) 0.3, 0.7 171. The difference between the boiling point and freezing point
163. Which will form maximum boiling point azeotrope of an aqueous solution containing sucrose (molecular wt =
(a) HNO3 + H2O solution (b) C2H5OH + H2O solution 342 g mole–1 ) in 100 g of water is 105°C. If Kf and
(c) C6H6 + C6H5CH3 solution (d) None of these Kb of water are 1.86 and 0.51 K kg mol –1 respectively, the
164. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope at weight of sucrose in the solution is about
some specific composition then _______. (a) 34.2 g (b) 342 g
(a) A – B interactions are stronger than those between
(c) 7.2 g (d) 72 g
A – A or B – B
172. If the elevation in boiling point of a solution of non-volatile,
(b) vapour pressure of solution increases because more
non-electrolytic and non-associating solute in a solvent
number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape
(Kb = x K kg mol–1) is y K, then the depression in freezing
from the solution.
point of solution of same concentration would be (Kf of the
(c) vapour pressure of solution decreases because less
solvent = z K kg mol–1)
number of molecules of only one of the liquids escape
from the solution 2xz yz
(d) A – B interactions are weaker than those between A – (a) (b)
y x
A or B – B
165. Chloroform and acetone are added to each other, Raoult’s xz yz
law shows negative [Link] does this suggests ? (c) (d)
y 2x
(a) Exothermic reaction
(b) Endothermic reaction 173. 1 g of a non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute of molar mass
(c) Zero change in enthalpy 250 g/mol was dissolved in 51.2 g of benzene. If the
(d) None of these freezing point depression constant Kf of benzene is 5.12
166. At 300 K the vapour pressure of an ideal solution containing kg K mol–1. The freezing point of benzene is lowered by
1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B is 500 mm of Hg. (a) 0.3 K (b) 0.5 K
The vapour pressure of the solution increases by 25 mm of (c) 0.2 K (d) 0.4 K
Hg, if one more mole of B is added to the above ideal solution 174. The boiling point of 0.2 mol kg–1 solution of X in water is
at 300 K. Then the vapour pressure of A in its pure state is greater than equimolal solution of Y in water. Which one of
(a) 300 mm of Hg (b) 400 mm of Hg the following statements is true in this case ?
(c) 500 mm of Hg (d) 600 mm of Hg (a) Molecular mass of X is greater than the molecular mass
167. Someone has added a non electrolyte solid to the pure of Y.
liquid but forgot that among which of the two beakers he (b) Molecular mass of X is less than the molecular mass of
has added that solid. This problem can be solved by Y.
checking (c) Y is undergoing dissociation in water while X
(a) relative lower in vapour pressure undergoes no change.
(b) elevation in boiling point (d) X is undergoing dissociation in water.
(c) depression in Freezing point 175. What is the freezing point of a solution containing 8.1 g
(d) all above HBr in 100 g water assuming the acid to be 90% ionised ?
168. The vapour pressure of a solvent decreases by 10 mm of Hg (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1) :
when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent. The (a) 0.85°K (b) – 3.53°K
mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What should
(c) 0°K (d) – 0.35°K
be the mole fraction of the solvent if the decrease in the
176. An 1% solution of KCl (I), NaCl (II), BaCl2 (III) and urea (IV)
vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of Hg ?
have their osmotic pressure at the same temperature in the
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.6
ascending order (molar masses of NaCl, KCl,
(c) 0.4 (d) 0.2
169. Vapour pressure of benzene at 30°C is 121.8 mm. When 15g BaCl2 and urea are respectively 58.5, 74.5, 208.4 and
of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 250 g of benzene, its 60 g mole–1). Assume 100% ionization of the electrolytes at
vapour pressure is decreased to 120.2 mm. The molecular this temperature
weight of the solute is (a) I < III < II < IV (b) III < I < II < IV
(c) I < II < III < IV (d) III < IV < I < II

11
 EBD_7207
266 SOLUTIONS

BY
SURJIT K SUMAN

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS Number of moles

14. (c) Molarity
Volume of solution (L)
1. (d)
2. (c) Sodium fluoride is used as rat poison. Mass 1000
Moles of water 55.6
3. (b) Almost all the processes in our body occur in liquid Molar mass 18
solution.
4. (c) In homogeneous mixtures composition and properties 55.6
Molarity = = 55
both are uniform throughout the mixture. 1
5. (a) Hexane is not water soluble, hence solution is not 15. (b) 10 g glucose is dissolved in = 100 ml solution.
formed. 180 g (g mole) is dissolved in
6. (d) Dilute, concentrated and saturated terms are 100
qualitative methods of description of concentration = 180 = 1800 ml = 1.8 L
of solution whereas molar or molarity is quantitative 10
method. Mass of solute
16. (d) ppm 106
7. (d) Mass of solution
8. (b) Density = 1.17 gm/cc (Given)
Mass 10
As d = ppm 106 10 ppm
Volume 106
volume = 1cc mass = d = 1.17g p p
17. (a) xsolute
No. of moles 1.17 ´1000 p
Molarity = =
Volume in litre 36.5 ´1 Given, p° = 0.8 atm, p = 0.6 atm, xsolute = ?
1170 0.8 0.6 0.2
= =32.05M xsolute or xsolute ,
36.5 0.8 0.8
9. (c) From molarity equation or xsolute = 0.25
M1V1 + M2V2 = M3(V1 + V2)
1× 2.5 + 0.5 × 3 = M3 × 5.5 No. of moles of solute 5
18. (b) Molarity 2M
4 Volume in litres 2.5
M3 = = 0.73M 19. (b) One molal solution means one mole of solute is present
5.5
in 1 kg (1000 g) solvent
10. (b) Relation between molality and mole fraction is
i.e., mole of solute = 1
1000 x2 1000 .2
m 3.2 1000g 1000
x1M1 0.8 78 Mole of solvent (H2O) = =
Thus, X (m) = 3.2 18g 18
Wt 1000 7.1 1000 1
11. (b) M ; M 0.5M 18
[Link] . V 142 100 Mole fraction of solute = = = 0.018.
1000 1008
p n2 n2 1
640 630 0.0156 18
12. (a) or
p n1 n2 n1 n2 640 1
20. (d) NV = N1V1 + N2V2 + N3V3
or 1 mole i.e., 78g benzene contains solute = 0.0156 mol
1 1 1
or, 1000N 1 5 20 30 or N .
0.0156 103 2 3 40
Molality of solution = 0.2 m
78 21. (a) For HCl
Moles of solute M = N = 0.1
13. (d) Normality N1V1 = N2V2 ; 25 × N1 = 0.1 × 35
Volume of solution in litre
0.1 35 0.1 35
Given mass of solute = 4.0 g N1 ; M 0.07 .
No. of moles of NaOH = 4/40 25 25 2
Volume of solution = 100 ml = 100/1000 L 22. (b) 1 molal solution means 1 mole of solute dissolved in
1000 gm solvent.
4 / 40 nsolute = 1 wsolvent = 1000 gm
Normality 1N
100 /1000

12
SOLUTIONS 267

1000 33. (a)

nsolvent = = 55.56 34. (c) In a given solution sum of all the mole fraction is unity
18
i.e.,
1 (a) x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 1
xsolute = = 0.0177
1 55.56
n3
23. (d) H3PO4 is tribasic so N = 3M = 3 × 1N = 3N. (b) n n x3
24. (c) N1V1 + N2V2 = NV 1 2 n3 n 4
4x + 10 (1 – x) = 6 × 1; –6x = –4 ; x = 0.67 35. (d) Volume is temperature dependent, hence expression
Thus 0.67 litre of 4N HCl involving volume term (normality, molarity and
1 – x = 1 – 0.67 = 0.33 litre of 10 N HCl formality) varies with temperature
Molarity
25. (c) Molality (m) geq of solute
Molarity Molecular mass Normality =
Density vol. of solution in L
1000
moles of solute
18 Molarity =
5000 vol. of solution in L
18 98
1.8
1000 formula mass
26. (d) No. of millimoles = 500 × 0.2 = 100 Formality =
vol. of solution in L
Thus, molarity of diluted solution
moles of solute
100 Molality =
mass of solvent in kg
700
(Molarity = No. of moles L–1 = No. of millimoles mL–1) Since molality does not include the volume term, it is
independent of temperature.
0.1428 M
36. (b) An increase in temperature of the solution increases
wt 1000 the solubility of a solid solute.
27. (d) Molarity (M) =
mol. wt. vol (ml) The amount of solute that dissolve depends on what
type of solute it is.
wt. 1000 For solids and liquid solutes, changes in pressure have
2
63 250 practically no effect on solubility.
63 37. (d)
wt. = gm 38. (b) Number of solute particles going into solution will be
2
equal to the solute particles separating out and a state
100 of dynamic equilibrium is reached.
wt. of 70% acid = 31.5 = 45 gm
70 solute + solvent solution.
28. (b) More than theoretical weight since impurity will not i.e., rate of dissolution = rate of crystallization.
contribute. 39. (d) The maximum amount of solute dissolved in a
29. (c) Applying the law of equivalence, given amount of solvent is its solubility.
N1V1 N 2V2 N3V3 N RVR 40. (d)
N N N 41. (b) According to Le-chateliers principle, for an exother
50 30 10 N R 1000
10 3 2 mic reaction ( < 0) increase in temperature decreases
5 N 10 N 5 N = 1000 N R the solubility.
N 42. (c) On increasing the pressure over the solution phase
NR
50 by compressing the gas to a smaller volume (in fig b)
30. (c) 40 g NaOH = 1 mole increase the number of gaseous particles per unit
moles of the solute volume over the solution and also the rate at which
1
molality = = 1 molal the gaseous particles are striking the surface of
mass of the solvent in kg 1
solution to enter it. The solubility of the gas will
31. (b) Both molality and mole fraction are not related to the increase until a new equilibrium is reached resulting
volume of solution, thus they are both independent of in an increase in the pressure of a gas above the
temperature. solution and thus its solubility increases.
32. (a) Given w = 10 g Mol. mass = 40
43. (d)
Weight of solvent = 1250 × 0.8 g = 10000 g = 1 kg
44. (a) According to Henry’s law at a constant temperature,
10 the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional
molality 0.25
40 1 to the pressure of the gas.

13
 EBD_7207
268 SOLUTIONS
45. (d) According to Henry’s law, 62. (a) For example, decrease in the vapour pressure of water
m=k×p by adding 1.0 mol of sucrose to one kg of water is
given KH = 1.4 × 10–3 nearly similar to that produced by adding 1.0 mol of
pO2 = 0.5 or urea to the same quantity of water at the same
temperature.
pO2 KH x O2
63. (d)
0.5 64. (a) Given [Link] = 80 torr
x O2 3
1.4 10 [Link] = 60 torr
m Ptotal = V·PP × xp + V·Pq × xq
No. of moles; n
M
0.7 10 4
m 3 2
32 = 80 60 = 16 × 3 + 12 × 2
5 5
4
m 22.4 10 g 2.24 mg Ptotal = 48 + 24 = 72 torr
46. (c)
47. (b) [ Hint : If added substance dissolves, the solution is 65. (b) Moles of glucose 18
0. 1
unsaturated. If it does not dissolve solution is 180
saturated. If precipitation occurs solution is
supersaturated.] Moles of water 78.2
9.9
48. (c) 18
49. (b) Body temperature of human beings remains constant. Total moles = 0.1 + 9.9 = 10
50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (a)
53. (c) The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is pH2O = Mole fraction × Total pressure 9.9
760
proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x). 10
p = KH .x = 752.4 Torr
Where KH is Henry’s constant. 66. (d) p = pAxA + pBxB
54. (d) To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and = pAxA + pB (1 – xA)
soda water, the bottle is sealed under high pressure. pAxA + pB – pBxA
55. (d) Scuba divers must cope with high concentrations of pB+ xA (pA – pB)
dissolved gases while breathing air at high pressure
underwater. Increased pressure increases the solubility 67. (b) pA ? , Given p B 200 mm of Hg, xA = 0.6,
of atmospheric gases in blood. When the divers come
towards surface, the pressure gradually decreases. xB = 1 – 0.6 = 0.4, P = 290 of Hg
This releases the dissolved gases and leads to the P = PA + PB = PA x A PB xB
formation of bubbles of nitrogen in the blood. This
blocks capillaries and creates a medical condition 290 = PA × 0.6 + 200 × 0.4 p A = 350 mm of Hg.
known as bends, which are painful and dangerous to
life. To avoid bends, as well as, the toxic effects of 68. (b) ptotal pA xA pB x B
high concentrations of nitrogen in the blood, the tanks
1 3
used by scuba divers are filled with air diluted with 550 pA p
helium (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% 4 B 4
oxygen). pA 3 pB 550 4 ...(i)
56. (a) At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is In second case
less than that at the ground level. This leads to low
1 4
concentrations of oxygen in the blood and tissues of ptotal pA pB
people living at high altitudes or climbers. Low blood 5 5
oxygen causes climbers to become weak and unable pA 4 pB 560 5 ...(ii)
to think clearly, symptoms of a condition known as Subtract (i) from (ii)
anoxia.
pB 560 5 550 4 600
57. (c)
58. (a) Raoult’s law becomes special case of Henry’s law when pA 400
KH become equal to p °. 69. (d) According to given information
1
59. (c) 60. (d) pX = 80 Torr
61. (b) In the solution, the surface has both solute and solvent pY = 60 Torr
molecules; thereby the fraction of the surface covered nX = 3 moles
by the solvent molecules gets reduced. Consequently, nY = 2 moles
the number of solvent molecules escaping from the
surface is correspondingly reduced, thus, the vapour nX 3 3
mole fraction of X(xX)
pressure is also reduced. nX nY 3 2 5

14
SOLUTIONS 269
On adding benzene, its molecules come between
nY 2 2
mole fraction of Y(xY) ethanol molecules there by breaking H-bonds which
nX nY 3 2 5 weaken intermolecular forces. This results in increase
Total Pressure, P = pXxX + pYxY in vapour pressure.
3 2 80. (a) A solution of acetone in ethanol shows positive
80 60 = 48 + 24 = 72 Torr.. deviation from Raoult's law. It is because ethanol
5 5
molecules are strongly hydrogen bonded. When
70. (a) Total vapour pressure = vapour pressure of pure acetone is added, these molecules break the hydrogen
benzene + vapour pressure of toluene bonds and ethanol becomes more volatile. Therefore
= 100 + 50 = 150 mm its vapour pressure is increased.
We know, 81. (a) Acetone and chloroform shows negative deviation
PC6H6 P xC6 H6 from Raoult's law when these are mixed, the hydrogen
bonding takes place between the two molecular species
100 150 xC6 H 6 due to which escaping tendency of either liquid
molecules becomes less and boiling point of solution
100 increases.
xC6 H 6 0.67
150 82. (b)
71. (c) These two components A and B follows the condition 83. (b) For this solution intermolecular interactions between
of Raoult’s law if the force of attraction between A and n-heptane and ethanol are weaker than n-heptane-n-
B is equal to the force of attraction between A and A or heptane & ethanol-ethanol interactions hence the
B and B. solution of n-heptane and ethanol is non-ideal and
72. (b) According to Raoult’s law “The partial pressure of a shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
volatile component of a solution is directly proportional 84. (a) For an ideal solution Smix > 0
to its mole fraction in solution at any temperature”. 85. (b)
p = Px 86. (d) Azeotropic mixture is constant boiling mixture, it is not
where, p = Partial pressure of component possible to separate the components of azeotropic
P° = Vapour pressure of component in pure form mixture by boiling.
x = mole fraction of component in solution. 87. (c)
73. (c) For an ideal solution, H 0 , V 0 88. (a) Minimum boiling azeotrope is formed by solution
Hence, option (c) is incorrect. showing positive deviation. e.g. acetone – ethanol.
74. (c) For ideal solution, 89. (b)
Vmixing 0 and H mixing 0. 90. (c) Relative lowering of vapour pressure depends upon
the mole fraction of solute.
75. (d) C2H5I and C2H5OH form non-ideal solution.
P P
76. (d) i.e., mole fraction of solute
77. (a) On adding acetone, its molecules get in between the P
host molecules and break some of the hydrogen bonds 91. (b) According to Raoult's law, the relative lowering in
between them. Due to weakening of interactions, the vapour pressure of a dilute solution is equal to the mole
solution shows positive deviation from Raoult's law. fraction of the solute present in the solution.
78. (d) A solution containing A and B components shows p p n
negative deviation when A–A and B–B interactions Mole fraction of solute
p n N
are weaker than that of A–B interactions. For such
92. (a) Given vapour pressure of pure solvent
solutions.
H = –ve and V = –ve (P°) = 121.8 mm Hg; Weight of solute (w) = 15 g
79. (b) Positive deviations are shown by such solutions in Weight of solvent (W) = 250 g; Vapour pressure of
which solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions solution (P) = 120.2 mm Hg and Molecular weight of
are stronger than the solute-solvent interactions. In solvent (M) = 78
such solution, the interactions among molecules From Raoult’s law
becomes weaker. Therefore their escaping tendency Po P w M
increases which results in the increase in their partial o
P m W
vapour pressures.
In pure methanol there exists intermolecular 121.8 120.2 15 78
H–bonding. 121.8 m 250
---O – H--- O—H --- O—H--- 15 78 121.8
or m 356.2
| | | 250 1.6
CH3 CH3 CH3

15
 EBD_7207
270 SOLUTIONS

P P n2 0.1 180 100

93. (d) 100. (c) Kb 1K/m
P n1 n2 1.8 1000
101. (b) Tb = Kb × i × m
640 600 2.5 x
Where Tb = Elevation in boiling point
640 39 78 Kb = molal elevation constant
640 78 2.5 i = vant Hoff factor
x 80
39 40 Tb molality..
94. (c) According to Raoult's law 102. (a) Tf = i × Kf × m
p p Van't Hoff factor, i = 2 for NaCl, m = 0.01
xB
p hence Tf = 0.02 Kf which is maximum in the present
case.
.2 1 Hence Tf is maximum or freezing point is minimum.
xB Mole fraction of solute
.2 .8 5 103. (c)
p 60 mm of Hg K f W2 1000 1 1000
T Kfm 5.12 0.4K
p 1 p M 2W1 250 51.2
or 4 p ( p) 5
p 5
104. (d) ( HX H X , i = 1.3); Tf = Kf × m × i
60´5
Þ p° = = 75mm of Hg 1 0.3 0. 3 0.3
4 Tf = 1.85 × 0.2 × 1.3 = 0.481º C
o n w M
P Ps Tf = T f T f = 0 – 0.481ºC = – 0.481ºC
95. (c) =
Po N m W 105. (b) Benzoic acid exists as dimer in benzene.
BY
12 18 106. (b) T f K f m 1.86 0.5 0.93 C; T f 0.93 C
0.1 = SURJIT K SUMAN
m 108
107. (b) As Tf = Kf. m
12 18 Tb = Kb. m
m= 20
0.1 108
Tf Tb
P P w2 M1 Hence, we have m
96. (b) 100 100 10 Kf Kb
P M2 w1
Kf
w 2 18 or Tf Tb
100 10 or w2 = 60 g Kb
60 180
Thus, 60 g of the solute must be added to 180 g of [ Tb 100.18 100 0.18 C]
water so that the vapour pressure of water is lowered
1.86
by 10%. = 0.18 × = 0.654°C
97. (a) The vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water 0.512
can be calculated using the relation As the Freezing Point of pure water is 0°C,
p ps Tf = 0 –Tf
Moles of glucose in solution
0.654 = 0 – Tf
ps Moles of water in solution Tf = – 0.654
17.5 ps 18/180 Thus the freezing point of solution will be – 0.654°C.
or [ p 17.5 ] 108. (d) Addition of solute to water decreases the freezing point
ps 178.2/18
of water (pure solvent).
0.1 ps When 1% lead nitrate (solute) is added to water, the
or 17.5 – ps or ps = 17.325 mm Hg. freezing point of water will be below 0°C.
9.9
Hence (a) is correct answer.
1000W2 1.86×1000×68.5
98. (c) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property. 109. (a) Tf Kf = = 0.372
M 2W1 342×1000
99. (c) Tb Kb m
Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property, Tf = T °f – Tf
which depends upon the no. of particles Tf = – 0.372°C
(concentration of solution). Thus greater the number 110. (d) Tf = Kf × m
of particles, greater is the elevation in boiling point 1000 K f w 2 solute
and hence greater will be its boiling point. M
Tf w1 solvent
Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–
Since Na2SO4 has maximum number of particles (c) 1000 1.86 1.8
M = 180
hence has maximum boiling point. 0.465 40

16
SOLUTIONS 271
Molecular formula = (empirical formula)n 124. (d) 125. (c)
Molecular mass 180 126. (c) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO 24
n 6
Empirical formula mass 30 Mol. before dissociation 1 0 0
Molecular formula = (CH2O)6 = C6H12O6. Mol. after dissociation 1 – 2 1
111. (b) Blood cells neither swell nor shrink in isotonic solution. i 1 2 1 2
As isotonic solutions have equal concentration 127. (d) The salt that ionises to least extent will have highest
therefore there is no flow of solvent occurs and hence freezing point. [ i.e., minimum Tf ]
solvent neither enters nor flow out of the blood cells. 128. (b) AlCl3 furnishes more ions than CaCl2 and thus possess
112. (a) Isotonic solutions have same molar concentration at higher boiling point i.e., t1 > t2.
given temperature provided the Van't Hoff factor (i) is 129. (a) Concentration of particles in CaCl2 solution will be
same. maximum as i = 3 for CaCl2 and i = 2 for KCl.
113. (b) Glucose and Urea do not dissociate into ions, as they
114. (a) The solution which provide same number of ions are are nonelectrolytes.
isotonic.
130. (a) K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and Al 2(SO 4 )3 both dissociates to
Ca (NO3)2 Ca2+ + 2 NO3–
give 5 ions or i = 5
Total ions produced = 3
K4 [Fe(CN)6] 4K+ + [Fe(CN)6]4–
Na2SO4 2 Na+ + SO42–
Total ions produced = 3 and Al2 (SO4 )3 2Al3+ + 3SO 4--
0.1 M Ca (NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 are isotonic. 131. (a) Depression in freezing point No. of particles.
115. (d) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property. Hence (when concentration of different solutions is equal)
resulting osmotic pressure of the solution is given by Al 2 (SO4 )3 provides five ions on ionisation
T = 1 + 2 + 3 ..........
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 2 Al 3 3SO 42 –
T = 1.64 + 2.46 = 4.10 atm.
116. (a) According to Boyle-van't Hoff law, while KCl provides two ions
C (at constant temp) KCl ¾¾ ® K + + Cl-
117. (c) Isotonic solutions have same osmotic pressure C6 H12 O6 and C12 H22 O11 are not ionised so they
glucose = unknown solute
have single particle in solution.
Hence, Al2(SO4)3 have maximum value of depression
m1 m2 5 2
or M2 72 in freezing point or lowest freezing point.
M1 M2 180 M2
118. (b ) Tf = Kf × m No. of particles after ionisation
132. (a) (i) i
Kf is a characteristic of a particular solvent i.e., it will No. of particles before ionisation
be different for different solvents. (ii) Tb = i × Kb × m
119. (b)
120. (c) During osmosis water flows through semipermeable CuCl2 Cu2+ + 2Cl
1 0 0
membrane from lower concentration to higher
concentration. (1 ) 2
121. (a) As both the solutions are isotonic hence there is no 1 2
net movement of the solvent occurs through the i , i=1+2
1
semipermeable membrane between two solutions.
Assuming 100% ionization
122. (c) If compound dissociates in solvent i > 1 and on
association i < 1. So, i = 1 + 2 = 3
123. (a) Van’t Hoff equation is 13.44
Tb = 3 0.52 0.1 = 0.156 0.16 [m 0.1]
V = inRT 134.4
For depression in freezing point.
133. (d) Tf i.k f .m ; Tb i.k b .m
Tf = i × Kf × m
For elevation in boiling point. Tf kf
Tb = i × Kb × m Tb kb
For lowering of vapour pressure,
Tf 0 ( 0.186 C) 0.186 C
Psolvent Psolution n
i . 0.186 1.86 0.52 0.186
N n Tb 0.052
Psolvent Tb 0.52 1.86

17
 EBD_7207
272 SOLUTIONS

STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS 156. (a) Mole fraction of any component A in solution

134. (d) No. of moles of A

x
135. (b) Molarity include volume thus with increase Total No. of moles of solution
intemperature increases’ volume increases, hence As total no. of moles of solution > No. of moles of A
molarity decreases while in case of molality mass of
Thus x can never be equal to one or zero.
solvent is taken, which is not effected by temperature.
157. (d) According to Henry’s law the mass of a gas dissolved
136. (c) As temperature increases solubility of gas decreases,
per unit volume of solvent is proportional to the
so dissolution of gas can be considered as exothermic
process. pressure of the gas at constant temperature m = K p
i.e. as the solubility increases, value of Henry’s law
137. (c) Solubility of gases increase with decrease of
temperature. constant decreases. Since CO2 is most soluble in water
among the given set of gases. Therefore CO2 has the
138. (c) A solute dissolves in a solvent if intermolecular
lowest value of Henry’s law constant.
interactions are similar in the two or we may say like
dissolves like. 158. (d) Let the mass of methane and oxygen = m gm.
139. (c) The vapour pressure of a liquid increases with Mole fraction of O2
increase of temperature.
Moles of O2
140. (b) =
Moles of O 2 + Moles of CH 4
141. (d) Colligative properties depends upon the no. of
particles. Since methanol is non electrolyte hence m / 32 1
m / 32
cannot be considered. = = =
m / 32 m /16 3m / 32 3
142. (b) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property as it
depends on the number of solute molecules and not Partial pressure of O2 = Total pressure × mole fraction
on their identity. For dilute solutions, during osmosis 1 1
solvent molecules always flow from lower of O2 , PO2 = P × = P
3 3
concentration to higher concentration of solution.
159. (a) kH = 100 kbar = 105 bar, p = 1 bar
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS p = k H × xA
143. (d) 144. (c) 145. (b) 146. (a) 147. (a) p 1 5
xA = 10
kH 100 103
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
148. (a) 1000
Moles of water = 55.5
149. (c) Both the solute and solvent will form the vapours but 18
vapour phase will become richer in the more volatile Weight of water = 1000 g ( 1000 mL = 1000 g)
component.
150. (b) 151. (b) 152. (d) 153. (a) 154. (b) x
Mole fraction = 10–5 =
55.5 x
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS As 55.5 >>> x, thus neglecting x from denominator
155. (c) Equivalent weight of orthophosphoric acid 5 x
10 x 55.5 10 5 moles
3 31 64 98 55.5
(H3PO4) =
3 3 or 0.555 millimoles.
Now 100 gm solution contains 70 gm H3PO4 160. (c)
161. (a) % of N2 in atmosphere = 78.9%
100 70
litre of solution contains gm % of O2 in atmosphere = 20.95%
1000 1.54 98 / 3
Partial pressure of N2 = 0.789 atm = 0.799 bar
equivalent of H3PO4
Partial pressure of O2 = 0.2095 atm = 0.212 bar
Normality of solution
According to Henry’s law,
70 3
70 3 0.212 6
98 10 1.54 33 N P (K H )O2 x x O2 6.08 10
= (34.86 1000)
1 98
10 1.54
18
SOLUTIONS 273
167. (d)
0.799 5
P (K H ) N 2 x x N2 1.0447 10 168. (b) According to Raoult's law
(76.48 1000)
p n
n O2 n N2 (mole fraction of solute)
: p n N
n O2 n H 2O n N2 n O2 n H 2O n N2
10
x O2 : x N 2 0.2 p° = 50 mm of Hg
p
6.08 10 6 :1.04 10 5 For other solution of same solvent
= 1 : 1.71
20 n
162. (a) According to idea of Raoult’s law “partial pressure of (Mole fraction of solute)
one of the component is proportional to mole fraction p n N
of that component in the solution.” 20
Mole fraction of solute
P = P1° x1 + P2° x 2 50
600 = 450 x1 + 700 x2 Mole fraction of solute = 0.4
4.5 x1 + 7x2 = 6 As mole fraction of solute + mole fraction of solvent = 1
x1 + x2 = 1 Hence, mole fraction of solvent = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
x1 = 0.6 x2 = 0.4 169 (b) Relative lowering of vapour pressure is given by :
x1 = 0.4, x2 = 0.6
P – Ps w/m
163. (a) The solutions (liquid mixture) which boils at constant
P w/ m W / M
temperature and can distil as such without any change
in composition are called azeotropes. where, P° = vapour pressure of pure solvent
Solution of HNO3 and H2O will form maximum boiling Ps = vapour pressure of solution
point azeotrope. Maximum boiling azeotropes show w = mass of solute
negative deviation from Raoult’s law. m = molecular mass of solute
Composition (%) Boiling Point W = mass of solvent
HNO3 68.0 359 K M = molecular mass of solvent
H2O 32.0 373 K For dilute solution
Boiling point of the azeotrope of these two solutions 121.8 120.2 15/ m 15 78 2
is 393.5 K. = 1.3 10
121.8 250 / 78 m 250
164. (a) m = 356.265
165. (a) Since formation of hydrogen bonding takes place, due BY
170. (a) From Raoult law
to this bond energy is supposed to be released and
p –p SURJIT K SUMAN
hence change in enthalpy is negative,so reaction is
exothermic. [Link] IIT KGP
p
166. (a) According to Raoult’s law,
PT = xAp°A + xBp°B [Link] moles of solute
=
Given, = PT1 500 mm Hg No. of moles of solvent+ No. of moles of solute
nA = 1 and nB = 2 xA = 1/3 and xB = 2/3 When the concentration of solute is much lower than
the concentration of solvent,
1 2
500 pA pB p p No. of moles of solute
3 3
p No. of moles of solvent
1500 pA 2pB ...(i)
Tb = Kb × m
Also given Qn that one more mole of B is added to the
Number of moles of the solute
solution, the pressure of the ideal solution increases m 1000
by 25 mm Hg. Mass of solvent in grams
PT2 = 500 + 25 = 525 mm Hg Number of moles of the solute
Tb Kb × 1000
Also, nB = 3 xA = 1/4 and xB = 3/4 Mass of solvent in grams

1 3 Number of moles of solute

525 pA pB ...(ii)
4 4 Tb Mass of solvent in grams
Subtract (i) and (ii), K b 1000
2100 PA 3PB
p°B = 600 mm Hg 2 100
0.26,
p°A + 2p°B = 1500 p°A = 300 mm Hg. 0.76 1000

19
 EBD_7207
274 SOLUTIONS
100 For HBr
Number of moles of solvent 5.56
18 HBr H Br
760 p 0.26 1 0 0
From equation (i) we get, (1 )
760 5.56 = 90% = 0.9
On solving, p = 724.46 724 i = 1 + = 1 + 0.9 = 1.9
171. (d) (100 + Tb) – (0 – Tf) = 105 T f = Kf × m × i
Tb + Tf = 5
m (kb + kf) = 5 moles of solute
= 1.86 × × 1.9
mass of solvent in kg
5 5
m i.e., moles in 1000 g water
2.37 2.37 8.1/ 81
= 1.86 × 1.9
5 100 /1000
(or) moles in 100 g water = 1.86 × 1 × 1.9 = 3.534K
2.37 10
Tf Tf Tf
5
Wt. of sucrose 342 = 72g or Tf = 0 – 3.534 K
2.37 10
172. (b) Given kb = x K kg mol–1 Tf = – 3.534K
176. (d) 1% solution contains 1 g of the solute in 100 g of
Tb = kb × m solution.
y= x × m Osmotic pressure, = CRT
y The value of R and T is same for all the solute however,
m all of them undergo 100% dissociation
x
i×C
We know
iKCl = 2, iNaCl = 2, iBaCl = 3 and iurea = 1.
Tf = kf × m nKCl = 1/74.5
2
On substituting value of m,
1/ 74.5
CKCl 1000 0.13
yz 100
Tt =
x or KCl = 2 × 0.13 = 0.26
173. (d) Mass of non-volatile solute = 1g 1
Molar mass of solute = 250g mol–1 nNaCl=
58.5
Mass of benzene = 51.2g, Kf = 5.12 K kg mol–1
1/ 58.5
Kf 1000 w 2 C NaCl 1000 0.17
Tf 100
M 2 w1 BY SURJIT K SUMAN
NaCl = 2 × 0.17 = 0.34
[Link] KGP
where, w2= mass of the solute 1
n =
M2 = molar mass of solute BaCl2 208.4
w1 = mass of the solvent
1/ 208.4
5.12 1000 1 CBaCl2 1000 0.048
On substituting given values, Tf 100
51.2 250
or BaCl2 3 0.048 0.14
Tf 0.4K
1
174. (d) Tb = iKb m n urea
60
Given, ( Tb)x > ( Tb)y
ix Kb m > iyKb m (Kb is same for same solvent) Curea
1/ 60
1000 0.16
ix > iy 100
So, x is undergoing dissociation in water. urea = 1 × 0.16 = 0.16
175. (b) Given mass of solute = 8.1 g BaCl2 urea KCl NaCl
Mass of solvent = 100 g or III < IV < I < II

20