S.

N Page number
1. Length/height for age
A. Boys
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 1
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 2

B. Girls
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 3
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 4
2. Height for age
A. Boys
 5 to 19 years (z-score) 5
B. Girls
 5 to 19 years (percentile) 6
 5 to 19 years (z-score) 7
3. Weight for age
A. Boys
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 8
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 9
B. Girls
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 10
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 11
4. Weight for length/height
A. Boys
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 12
B. Girls
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 13

5. Body Mass Index (BMI) for Age

A. Boys
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 14
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 15
 5 to 19 years (percentile) 16
 5 to 19 years (z-score) 17
B. Girls
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 18
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 19
 5 - 19 years (z-score) 20
6. Head circumference for Age
A. Boys
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 21
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 22
B. Girls
 Birth to 5 years (percentile) 23
 Birth to 5 years (z-score) 24
7. Arm circumference for age
 A. Boys
 3 months to 5 years (percentile) 25
 3 months to 5 years (z-score) 26

B. Girls
 3 months to 5 years (percentile) 27
 3 months to 5 years (z-score) 28
8. Subscapular skinfold for age
A. Boys
 3 months to 5 years (z-score) 29
B. Girls
 3 months to 5 years (z-score) 30
9. Triceps skinfold for Age
A. Boys
 3 months to 5 years (z-score) 31
B. Girls
 3 months to 5 years (z-score) 32
10. Blood pressure levels for Boys by age and height percentile 33, 34
11. Blood pressure levels for Girls by age and height percentile 35, 36
12. Stature for age and weight for age percentile (2 to 20 years: Boys) 37
13. Stature for age and weight for age percentile (2 to 20 years: Girls) 38
14. Nutritive value of common food items 39
15. Nutritional characteristics of common food items, 40
Food exchanges
16 Grading system for hepatic encephalopathy 41
17. Tanner stage 41
18. Endocarditis (Duke criteria) 42
19. Modified Glasgow Coma Scale for infants and children 42
20. Neuromuscular maturity, 43
Physical maturity
21. West Nomogram (for estimation of BSA) 44
22. Blood profile 45
23. WHO diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera 45
24. Pedigree symbol 45
25. Windows of achievement for six gross motor milestones 46
26. Pediatric vital signs reference chart 47
27. The Bristol stool form scale 48
28. Weeks of gestation vs Weight 48
29. Vaccines 49
30. 1997 updated American college of Rheumatology criteria for 50
classification of systemic lupus erythematosus
31. SLICC criteria 50
 Length/height-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

120 120
97th
115 85th 115

110 50th 110

105 15th 105

3rd
100 100

95 95
Length/Height (cm)

90 90

85 85

80 80

75 75

70 70

65 65

60 60

55 55

50 50

45 45
Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
1
 Length/height-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

125 125
3
120 120
2
115 115

110 0 110

105 105

100 -2 100

95
-3 95
Length/Height (cm)

90 90

85 85

80 80

75 75

70 70

65 65

60 60

55 55

50 50

45 45

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
2
 Length/height-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

120 120
97th
115 85th 115

110 50th 110

105 15th 105

100 3rd 100

95 95
Length/Height (cm)

90 90

85 85

80 80

75 75

70 70

65 65

60 60

55 55

50 50

45 45
Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
3
 Length/height-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

125 125
3
120 120
2
115 115

110 0 110

105 105

100 -2 100

95 -3 95
Length/Height (cm)

90 90

85 85

80 80

75 75

70 70

65 65

60 60

55 55

50 50

45 45

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
4
 Height-for-age BOYS
5 to 19 years (z-scores)

200 200
3

190 2 190

1
180 180
0
170 170
-1

160
-2 160

-3
Height (cm)

150 150

140 140

130 130

120 120

110 110

100 100

90 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
90
Months
Years 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age (completed months and years)
2007 WHO Reference
5
 Height-for-age GIRLS
5 to 19 years (percentiles)

180 180

97th

170 85th 170

50th
160 160

15th

150 3rd 150

Height (cm)

140 140

130 130

120 120

110 110

100 100

Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
Years 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age (completed months and years)
2007 WHO Reference
6
 Height-for-age GIRLS
5 to 19 years (z-scores)

3
180 180

2
170 1 170

0
160 160
-1
150 -2 150
Height (cm)

-3
140 140

130 130

120 120

110 110

100 100

Months 90 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 90
Years 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age (completed months and years)

7 2007 WHO Reference

 Weight-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

24 97th 24

22 22
85th
20 20

18
50th 18

16 15th 16
Weight (kg)

14
3rd 14

12 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
8
 Weight-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

28 3 28

26 26

24 2 24

22 22

20 20

18
0 18
Weight (kg)

16 16

14 -2 14

12
-3 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
9
 Weight-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

97th
24 24

22 22
85th
20 20

18 50th 18

16 16
15th
Weight (kg)

14 3rd 14

12 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards

10
 Weight-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

30 30
3
28 28

26 26
2
24 24

22 22

20 20

0
Weight (kg)

18 18

16 16

14 -2 14

12 -3 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)

11
WHO Child Growth Standards
 Weight-for-length/height BOYS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

34 34

32 32

30 3 30

28 28
2
26 26

24
1 24

22 0 22

20 -1 20
Weight (kg)

18
-2 18
-3
16 16

14 14

12 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Length/height (cm)

12 WHO Child Growth Standards

 Weight-for-length/height GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

34 34

32 32
3
30 30

28 2 28

26 26
1
24 24
0
22 22

20
-1 20
Weight (kg)

-2
18 18
-3
16 16

14 14

12 12

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Length/height (cm)
WHO Child Growth Standards
13
 BMI-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

21 21

20 20

19 19

18 97th 18

17 17
85th
BMI (kg/m2)

16 16

15
50th 15

14 15th 14

13 3rd 13

12 12

11 11

10 10

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
14
 BMI-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

22 22

21 21

3
20 20

19 19

2
18 18

17 17
BMI (kg/m2)

1
16 16

15 0 15

14 -1 14

13 -2 13

12 -3 12

11 11

10 10

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
15
 BMI-for-age BOYS
5 to 19 years (percentiles)

30 30

97th

28 28

26 26
85th

24 24
BMI (kg/m²)

22 50th 22

20 20
15th

18 18
3rd

16 16

14 14

Months
12 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 12
Years 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age (completed months and years)
2007 WHO Reference
16
 BMI-for-age BOYS
5 to 19 years (z-scores)

32 32

30
Obesity 2
30

28 28

26 Overweight 26
1
24 24
BMI (kg/m²)

22 0 22

Normal
20 20

18 18
-2

16
Thinness -3 16

14 14

12 Severe thinness 12

Months
10 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 10
Years 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age (completed months and years)

2007 WHO Reference

17
 BMI-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

21 21

20 20

19 19
97th
18 18

17 85th 17
BMI (kg/m2)

16 16

50th
15 15

14 14
15th

13 13
3rd

12 12

11 11

10 10

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
18
 BMI-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

22 22

21 3 21

20 20

19 19
2
18 18

17 1 17
BMI (kg/m2)

16 16

0
15 15

14
-1 14

13 13
-2
12 12
-3
11 11

10 10

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
19
 BMI-for-age GIRLS
5 to 19 years (z-scores)

32 32

30
Obesity 2
30

28 28

26
Overweight 26

1
24 24
BMI (kg/m²)

22 22
0
Normal
20 20

18 18

-2
16 16
Thinness -3
14 14

12 Severe thinness 12

Months
10 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 10
Years 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age (completed months and years)
2007 WHO Reference
20
 Head circumference-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

54 54
97th

52
85th 52

50th
50 50
15th

48 3rd 48
Head circumference (cm)

46 46

44 44

42 42

40 40

38 38

36 36

34 34

32 32
Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
21
 Head circumference-for-age BOYS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

3
54 54
2
52 1 52

0
50 50
-1
48 48
-2
Head circumference (cm)

46 -3 46

44 44

42 42

40 40

38 38

36 36

34 34

32 32

30 30
Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
22
 Head circumference-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (percentiles)

97th
52 52
85th

50 50th 50

15th
48 48
3rd
Head circumference (cm)

46 46

44 44

42 42

40 40

38 38

36 36

34 34

32 32

Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
23
 Head circumference-for-age GIRLS
Birth to 5 years (z-scores)

54 3 54

2
52 52
1
50 0 50

48
-1 48
-2
Head circumference (cm)

46 46
-3
44 44

42 42

40 40

38 38

36 36

34 34

32 32

30 30
Months 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Birth 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
24
 Arm circumference-for-age BOYS
3 months to 5 years (percentiles)

20 20

97th

19 19

18 85th 18
Arm circumference (cm)

17 17

50th

16 16

15th
15 15

14
3rd 14

13 13

12 12

Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)

25 WHO Child Growth Standards

 Arm circumference-for-age BOYS
3 months to 5 years (z-scores)

22 22
3
21 21

20 20
2
19 19
Arm circumference (cm)

18 1 18

17 17

0
16 16

15 -1 15

14 -2 14

13 13
-3

12 12

11 11

Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
26
 Arm circumference-for-age GIRLS
3 months to 5 years (percentiles)

97th
20 20

19 19

85th

18 18
Arm circumference (cm)

17 17
50th

16 16

15th
15 15

3rd
14 14

13 13

12 12

11 11
Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
27
 Arm circumference-for-age GIRLS
3 months to 5 years (z-scores)

23 23

3
22 22

21 21

2
20 20

19 19
Arm circumference (cm)

1
18 18

17 17
0
16 16

-1
15 15

14 -2 14

13 13
-3
12 12

11 11

10 10
Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
28
 Subscapular skinfold-for-age BOYS
3 months to 5 years (z-scores)

15 15

14 14

13 13
3
12 12
Subscapular skinfold (mm)

11 11

10 10

9 9
2
8 8

7 7
1
6 6

0
5 5

-1
4 4
-2
-3
3 3

Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)

WHO Child Growth Standards

29
 Subscapular skinfold-for-age GIRLS
3 months to 5 years (z-scores)

20 20

19 19
3
18 18

17 17

16 16

15 15
Subscapular skinfold (mm)

14 14

13 13

12 12

11 2 11

10 10

9 9

8 1 8

7 7

6 0 6

5 -1 5

4 -2 4
-3
3 3
Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
30
 Triceps skinfold-for-age BOYS
3 months to 5 years (z-scores)

20 20

19 19

18 3 18

17 17

16 16

15 15

14 14
Triceps skinfold (mm)

13 2 13

12 12

11 11

10 10
1
9 9

8 8
0
7 7

6 -1 6

5 5
-2
4 4
-3
3 3
Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
31
 Triceps skinfold-for-age GIRLS
3 months to 5 years (z-scores)

23 23

22 22

21 21
3
20 20

19 19

18 18

17 17

16 16
Triceps skinfold (mm)

15
2 15

14 14

13 13

12 12
1
11 11

10 10

9 9
0
8 8

7 7
-1
6 6

5
-2 5

4
-3 4

Months 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Age (completed months and years)
WHO Child Growth Standards
32
 Blood Pressure Levels for Boys by Age and Height Percentile

Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg)

BP
Percentile Percentile of Height Percentile of Height
Age
(Year) 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th
1 50th 80 81 83 85 87 88 89 34 35 36 37 38 39 39
90th 94 95 97 99 100 102 103 49 50 51 52 53 53 54
95th 98 99 101 103 104 106 106 54 54 55 56 57 58 58
99th 105 106 108 110 112 113 114 61 62 63 64 65 66 66
2 50th 84 85 87 88 90 92 92 39 40 41 42 43 44 44
90th 97 99 100 102 104 105 106 54 55 56 57 58 58 59
95th 101 102 104 106 108 109 110 59 59 60 61 62 63 63
99th 109 110 111 113 115 117 117 66 67 68 69 70 71 71
3 50th 86 87 89 91 93 94 95 44 44 45 46 47 48 48
90th 100 101 103 105 107 108 109 59 59 60 61 62 63 63
95th 104 105 107 109 110 112 113 63 63 64 65 66 67 67
99th 111 112 114 116 118 119 120 71 71 72 73 74 75 75
4 50th 88 89 91 93 95 96 97 47 48 49 50 51 51 52
90th 102 103 105 107 109 110 111 62 63 64 65 66 66 67
95th 106 107 109 111 112 114 115 66 67 68 69 70 71 71
99th 113 114 116 118 120 121 122 74 75 76 77 78 78 79
5 50th 90 91 93 95 96 98 98 50 51 52 53 54 55 55
90th 104 105 106 108 110 111 112 65 66 67 68 69 69 70
95th 108 109 110 112 114 115 116 69 70 71 72 73 74 74
99th 115 116 118 120 121 123 123 77 78 79 80 81 81 82
6 50th 91 92 94 96 98 99 100 53 53 54 55 56 57 57
90th 105 106 108 110 111 113 113 68 68 69 70 71 72 72
95th 109 110 112 114 115 117 117 72 72 73 74 75 76 76
99th 116 117 119 121 123 124 125 80 80 81 82 83 84 84
7 50th 92 94 95 97 99 100 101 55 55 56 57 58 59 59
90th 106 107 109 111 113 114 115 70 70 71 72 73 74 74
95th 110 111 113 115 117 118 119 74 74 75 76 77 78 78
99th 117 118 120 122 124 125 126 82 82 83 84 85 86 86
8 50th 94 95 97 99 100 102 102 56 57 58 59 60 60 61
90th 107 109 110 112 114 115 116 71 72 72 73 74 75 76
95th 111 112 114 116 118 119 120 75 76 77 78 79 79 80
99th 119 120 122 123 125 127 127 83 84 85 86 87 87 88
9 50th 95 96 98 100 102 103 104 57 58 59 60 61 61 62
90th 109 110 112 114 115 117 118 72 73 74 75 76 76 77
95th 113 114 116 118 119 121 121 76 77 78 79 80 81 81
99th 120 121 123 125 127 128 129 84 85 86 87 88 88 89
10 50th 97 98 100 102 103 105 106 58 59 60 61 61 62 63
90th 111 112 114 115 117 119 119 73 73 74 75 76 77 78
95th 115 116 117 119 121 122 123 77 78 79 80 81 81 82
99th 122 123 125 127 128 130 130 85 86 86 88 88 89 90

33
 Blood Pressure Levels for Boys by Age and Height Percentile (Continued)

Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg)

BP
Percentile Percentile of Height Percentile of Height
Age
(Year) 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th
11 50th 99 100 102 104 105 107 107 59 59 60 61 62 63 63
90th 113 114 115 117 119 120 121 74 74 75 76 77 78 78
95th 117 118 119 121 123 124 125 78 78 79 80 81 82 82
99th 124 125 127 129 130 132 132 86 86 87 88 89 90 90
12 50th 101 102 104 106 108 109 110 59 60 61 62 63 63 64
90th 115 116 118 120 121 123 123 74 75 75 76 77 78 79
95th 119 120 122 123 125 127 127 78 79 80 81 82 82 83
99th 126 127 129 131 133 134 135 86 87 88 89 90 90 91
13 50th 104 105 106 108 110 111 112 60 60 61 62 63 64 64
90th 117 118 120 122 124 125 126 75 75 76 77 78 79 79
95th 121 122 124 126 128 129 130 79 79 80 81 82 83 83
99th 128 130 131 133 135 136 137 87 87 88 89 90 91 91
14 50th 106 107 109 111 113 114 115 60 61 62 63 64 65 65
90th 120 121 123 125 126 128 128 75 76 77 78 79 79 80
95th 124 125 127 128 130 132 132 80 80 81 82 83 84 84
99th 131 132 134 136 138 139 140 87 88 89 90 91 92 92
15 50th 109 110 112 113 115 117 117 61 62 63 64 65 66 66
90th 122 124 125 127 129 130 131 76 77 78 79 80 80 81
95th 126 127 129 131 133 134 135 81 81 82 83 84 85 85
99th 134 135 136 138 140 142 142 88 89 90 91 92 93 93
16 50th 111 112 114 116 118 119 120 63 63 64 65 66 67 67
90th 125 126 128 130 131 133 134 78 78 79 80 81 82 82
95th 129 130 132 134 135 137 137 82 83 83 84 85 86 87
99th 136 137 139 141 143 144 145 90 90 91 92 93 94 94
17 50th 114 115 116 118 120 121 122 65 66 66 67 68 69 70
90th 127 128 130 132 134 135 136 80 80 81 82 83 84 84
95th 131 132 134 136 138 139 140 84 85 86 87 87 88 89
99th 139 140 141 143 145 146 147 92 93 93 94 95 96 97

BP, blood pressure

* The 90th percentile is 1.28 SD, 95th percentile is 1.645 SD, and the 99th percentile is 2.326 SD over the mean.
For research purposes, the standard deviations in Appendix Table B–1 allow one to compute BP Z-scores and percentiles for boys
with height percentiles given in Table 3 (i.e., the 5th,10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles). These height percentiles
must be converted to height Z-scores given by (5% = -1.645; 10% = -1.28; 25% = -0.68; 50% = 0; 75% = 0.68; 90% = 1.28%;
95% = 1.645) and then computed according to the methodology in steps 2–4 described in Appendix B. For children with height
percentiles other than these, follow steps 1–4 as described in Appendix B.

34
 Blood Pressure Levels for Girls by Age and Height Percentile

Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg)

BP
Percentile Percentile of Height Percentile of Height
Age
(Year) 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th
l 50th 83 84 85 86 88 89 90 38 39 39 40 41 41 42
90th 97 97 98 100 101 102 103 52 53 53 54 55 55 56
95th 100 101 102 104 105 106 107 56 57 57 58 59 59 60
99th 108 108 109 111 112 113 114 64 64 65 65 66 67 67
2 50th 85 85 87 88 89 91 91 43 44 44 45 46 46 47
90th 98 99 100 101 103 104 105 57 58 58 59 60 61 61
95th 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 61 62 62 63 64 65 65
99th 109 110 111 112 114 115 116 69 69 70 70 71 72 72
3 50th 86 87 88 89 91 92 93 47 48 48 49 50 50 51
90th 100 100 102 103 104 106 106 61 62 62 63 64 64 65
95th 104 104 105 107 108 109 110 65 66 66 67 68 68 69
99th 111 111 113 114 115 116 117 73 73 74 74 75 76 76
4 50th 88 88 90 91 92 94 94 50 50 51 52 52 53 54
90th 101 102 103 104 106 107 108 64 64 65 66 67 67 68
95th 105 106 107 108 110 111 112 68 68 69 70 71 71 72
99th 112 113 114 115 117 118 119 76 76 76 77 78 79 79
5 50th 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 52 53 53 54 55 55 56
90th 103 103 105 106 107 109 109 66 67 67 68 69 69 70
95th 107 107 108 110 111 112 113 70 71 71 72 73 73 74
99th 114 114 116 117 118 120 120 78 78 79 79 80 81 81
6 50th 91 92 93 94 96 97 98 54 54 55 56 56 57 58
90th 104 105 106 108 109 110 111 68 68 69 70 70 71 72
95th 108 109 110 111 113 114 115 72 72 73 74 74 75 76
99th 115 116 117 119 120 121 122 80 80 80 81 82 83 83
7 50th 93 93 95 96 97 99 99 55 56 56 57 58 58 59
90th 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 69 70 70 71 72 72 73
95th 110 111 112 113 115 116 116 73 74 74 75 76 76 77
99th 117 118 119 120 122 123 124 81 81 82 82 83 84 84
8 50th 95 95 96 98 99 100 101 57 57 57 58 59 60 60
90th 108 109 110 111 113 114 114 71 71 71 72 73 74 74
95th 112 112 114 115 116 118 118 75 75 75 76 77 78 78
99th 119 120 121 122 123 125 125 82 82 83 83 84 85 86
9 50th 96 97 98 100 101 102 103 58 58 58 59 60 61 61
90th 110 110 112 113 114 116 116 72 72 72 73 74 75 75
95th 114 114 115 117 118 119 120 76 76 76 77 78 79 79
99th 121 121 123 124 125 127 127 83 83 84 84 85 86 87
10 50th 98 99 100 102 103 104 105 59 59 59 60 61 62 62
90th 112 112 114 115 116 118 118 73 73 73 74 75 76 76
95th 116 116 117 119 120 121 122 77 77 77 78 79 80 80
99th 123 123 125 126 127 129 129 84 84 85 86 86 87 88

35
 Blood Pressure Levels for Girls by Age and Height Percentile (Continued)

Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg)

BP
Percentile Percentile of Height Percentile of Height
Age
(Year) 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th
11 50th 100 101 102 103 105 106 107 60 60 60 61 62 63 63
90th 114 114 116 117 118 119 120 74 74 74 75 76 77 77
95th 118 118 119 121 122 123 124 78 78 78 79 80 81 81
99th 125 125 126 128 129 130 131 85 85 86 87 87 88 89
12 50th 102 103 104 105 107 108 109 61 61 61 62 63 64 64
90th 116 116 117 119 120 121 122 75 75 75 76 77 78 78
95th 119 120 121 123 124 125 126 79 79 79 80 81 82 82
99th 127 127 128 130 131 132 133 86 86 87 88 88 89 90
13 50th 104 105 106 107 109 110 110 62 62 62 63 64 65 65
90th 117 118 119 121 122 123 124 76 76 76 77 78 79 79
95th 121 122 123 124 126 127 128 80 80 80 81 82 83 83
99th 128 129 130 132 133 134 135 87 87 88 89 89 90 91
14 50th 106 106 107 109 110 111 112 63 63 63 64 65 66 66
90th 119 120 121 122 124 125 125 77 77 77 78 79 80 80
95th 123 123 125 126 127 129 129 81 81 81 82 83 84 84
99th 130 131 132 133 135 136 136 88 88 89 90 90 91 92
15 50th 107 108 109 110 111 113 113 64 64 64 65 66 67 67
90th 120 121 122 123 125 126 127 78 78 78 79 80 81 81
95th 124 125 126 127 129 130 131 82 82 82 83 84 85 85
99th 131 132 133 134 136 137 138 89 89 90 91 91 92 93
16 50th 108 108 110 111 112 114 114 64 64 65 66 66 67 68
90th 121 122 123 124 126 127 128 78 78 79 80 81 81 82
95th 125 126 127 128 130 131 132 82 82 83 84 85 85 86
99th 132 133 134 135 137 138 139 90 90 90 91 92 93 93
17 50th 108 109 110 111 113 114 115 64 65 65 66 67 67 68
90th 122 122 123 125 126 127 128 78 79 79 80 81 81 82
95th 125 126 127 129 130 131 132 82 83 83 84 85 85 86
99th 133 133 134 136 137 138 139 90 90 91 91 92 93 93

BP, blood pressure

* The 90th percentile is 1.28 SD, 95th percentile is 1.645 SD, and the 99th percentile is 2.326 SD over the mean.
For research purposes, the standard deviations in Appendix Table B–1 allow one to compute BP Z-scores and percentiles for girls
with height percentiles given in Table 4 (i.e., the 5th,10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles). These height percentiles
must be converted to height Z-scores given by (5% = -1.645; 10% = -1.28; 25% = -0.68; 50% = 0; 75% = 0.68; 90% = 1.28%;
95% = 1.645) and then computed according to the methodology in steps 2–4 described in Appendix B. For children with height
percentiles other than these, follow steps 1–4 as described in Appendix B.

36
 2 to 20 years: Boys NAME
Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles RECORD #

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Mother’s Stature Father’s Stature cm in
Date Age Weight Stature BMI*
AGE (YEARS) 76
95
190
74
90
185 S
75
72
180 T
50 70 A
175 T
25 68 U
170 R
10 66
165 E
in cm 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5
64
160 160
62 62
155 155
S 60 60
T 150 150
A 58
T 145
U 56
140 105 230
R
54
E 135 100 220
52
130 95 95 210
50
125 90 200
90
48 190
120 85
46 180
115 80
75
44 170
110 75
42 160
105 50 70
150 W
40
100 65 140 E
25
38 I
95 60 130 G
10
36 90 5 H
55 120
T
34 85 50 110
32 80 45 100
30
40 90
80 35 35 80
W 70 70
30 30
E 60 60
I 25 25
G 50 50
H 20 20
40 40
T
15 15
30 30
10 10
lb kg AGE (YEARS) kg lb
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Published May 30, 2000 (modified 11/21/00).
SOURCE: Developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with
the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000).
[Link]

37
 2 to 20 years: Girls NAME
Stature-for-age and Weight-for-age percentiles RECORD #

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Mother’s Stature Father’s Stature cm in
Date Age Weight Stature BMI*
AGE (YEARS) 76
190
74
185 S
72
180 T
70 A
95
175 T
90
68 U
170 R
75 66
165 E
in cm 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 50
64
160 25 160
62 62
155 10 155
60 5 60
150 150
58
145
56
140 105 230
54
S 135 100 220
T 52
A 130 95 210
50
T 125 90 200
U
48 190
R 120 85
E 95 180
46
115 80
44 170
110 90 75
42 160
105 70
150 W
40 75
100 65 140 E
38 I
95 60 130 G
50
36 90 H
55 120
25 T
34 85 50 110
10
32 80
5
45 100
30
40 90
80 35 35 80
W 70 70
30 30
E 60 60
I 25 25
G 50 50
H 20 20
40 40
T
15 15
30 30
10 10
lb kg AGE (YEARS) kg lb
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Published May 30, 2000 (modified 11/21/00).
SOURCE: Developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with
the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000).
[Link]
38
 Table 6.3: Nutritive value of common food items (Contd.)
Nutrition
-
Foods Quantity Household measure Calories Carbohydrate Protein Fats Na K
(cooked amount) kcal g g g mg mg
Tomato ripe 100 g 2 nos 20 3.4 1 0.2 12 146
Apple 100 g 1 medium 58 13 0.2 0.5 28 75
Orange 100 g 1 medium 46 10.5 0.5 0.2 5 93
Banana 100 g 1 medium 116 27 1.2 0.3 37 88
Guava 100 g 1 medium 51 11 1 0.3 6 91
Mussambi 100 g 1 medium 43 9 1 0.3 490
Mango 100 g 1 small 72 16 1 0.4 26 205
Lemon 100 g 1 medium 14 3 0.2 70
Dried fruits and nuts
Raisin (kishmish) 25 g Ph tsp. 78 19 0.5 8 216
Apricot (dried) 25 g 4-6 nos. 76 18 0.5 0.2 8 215
Dates (fresh) 25 g 4 nos. 35 8 0.5 0.1 1
Almonds 25 g 8-10 nos. 163 3 5 14.5 1 170
Cashewnut 25 g 8-10 nos. 150 5.5 5 12 1 113
Walnuts 25 g 8-10 nos. 172 3 4 16 1 120
Ground nuts 25 g 15-20 nos. 142 6.5 6.5 10
Coconut (fresh) 100 g 444 13 4.5 41.6
Coconut (dry) 25 g 165 4.6 1.7 15.5
Fats and oils
Oil 10 g 2 teaspoon 90 10
Ghee 10 g 1 teaspoon 90 10
Butter 10 g 1 teaspoon 72 8
Miscellaneous
Sponge cake 1 small piece 114 21 3 2 145 22
Ice cream plain 100 g 1 cup 203 21 5 11 63 181
Burfi 40 g 1 piece 135 13 5 7
Rasgulla 35 g 1 piece 163 32 2 3 30 15
Pakora or samosa 40 g 1 piece 132 14 1 8
Puri 40 g 1 piece 187 19 3 11
Biscuit salt 25 g 8-10 nos. 132 14 1 8 3 20
Biscuit sweet 25 g 5-6 nos. 112 18 1 4
Arrowroot powder 25 g 5 tablespoons 84 21 1 7
Pastry 25 g 1 small piece 265 35 2 13
Sugar cane juice 250 ml 1 glass 88 22 15 750
Honey 25 ml 5 teaspoons 80 20 6 60
Sago 25 g 2 tablespoons 88 22
Jaggery 25 g 96 24
Sugar 25 g 5 teaspoons 100 25
Mushrooms 100 g 33 1 5 1 4 103
Macaroni 25 g %cup 88 19 3 2 221
Marrnlade 10 g 1 teaspoon 28 7 7 2
Milk chocolate 40 g 1 slab 221 23 3 13 37
Horlicks and Viva 25 g 5 teaspoons 88 19 3
Protinex 30 g 88 5 17
Soya nuggets 25 g 8- 10 nos. 80 7 13 80
Custard powder 25 g 5 teaspoons 25 100
Coffee 5g 1 teaspoon
Ovaltin/Bournvita 5g 1 teaspoon 25 3 1 1
Cornstarch 25 g 5 teaspoons 100 25
Dalmoth 25 g 190 12 4 14 150 157
Sev 25 g 105 3 5 105 150 157
Fried moong dal 25 g 170 15 5 10 400 157
Adapted from the 2004recommendations of the National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad on the Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. Contents
of some miscellaneous food items have been standardized at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. K potassium; Na sodium

39
 ___
__E s s e n t ia i P e d i .at r ics_ ______________________________
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Table 6.4: Nutritional characteristics of common food items
Foods Main nutrients Other characteristics
Milk and milk products Protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, Provide high quality protein lactose and saturated fats; lack
vitamin B2 in iron and vitamin C
Egg (hen) Protein, fat, phosphorus, riboflavin Provide high quality protein and vitamin B12; lacks in
carbohydrates and vitamin C; contains saturated fats
and is rich in cholesterol
Chicken Protein, phosphorus Provides high quality protein and all B vitamins; does not
provide carbohydrate, fat and iron
Fish Protein, fat, calcium, vitamin B12 Lacks in carbohydrates; good source of high quality protein and
fat containing omega-3 fatty acids
Cereals grains and Carbohydrate, fiber, folic acid, Good source of energy; has poor quality protein that lacks in
products vitamins Bl and B2, phytates, iron lysine; provides negligible amounts of unsaturated fat; phytates
hinder the absorption of iron
Pulses, peas, beans Carbohydrate, protein, folic acid, Good source of energy; contain proteins of lower quality that
calcium, fiber, vitamins Bl and B2, lack in methionine; provides negligible amount of unsaturated
iron, phosphorus fat; absorption of iron is hindered by phytates
Soya bean Protein (35%), fiber, fat (40%), Source of high quality protein (twice of that in pulses) and
calcium, iron, zinc, copper, fat (three times that in pulses); contains polyunsaturated,
magnesium, selenium, folic acid, monounsaturated and saturated fats; vegetarian source of
potassium, all B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids; deficient in sodium and vitamin C and
carotenoids, fiber, isoflavones B12; phytates hinder the absorption of iron and calcium
Seasonal vegetables Carotenoids, folic acid, calcium, Good source of carbohydrates in the form of roughage and fiber
fiber, vitamin C that provide bulk in diet; deficient in proteins and fat
Green leafy vegetables Carotenoids, folic acid, calcium Good source of soluble fiber; deficient in protein and fat
fiber, vitamin C, iron, riboflavin
Root vegetables Carbohydrate (chiefly starch) Good source of energy; deficient in protein, fat and folic acid;
carrots are a rich source of carotene, potatoes provide
vitamin C; tapioca is rich in calcium
Fruits Carbohydrate, potassium Good source of fiber and roughage; deficient in proteins, fat and
folic acid; juicy fruits have high potassium content; banana is a
good source of energy but poor source of potassium
Nuts Energy, protein, fat and B vitamins Groundnuts are particularly rich in thiamine and nicotinic acid
Adapted from the 2010 recommendations of the National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad on the Nutritive Value of Indian Foods

Table 6.5: Food exchanges

Foods Amounts Household measure Calorie, kcal Carbohydrate, g Protein, g Fats, g
Cow milk 100 ml 1/z cup 67 4.4 3.2 4.1
Human milk 65 7.4 1.1 3.4
Buffalo milk 96 5.0 4.4 6.5
Full cream milk 91 4.8 4.4 6.0
Egg 100 g 2 nos. 169 13 13
Meat 100 g 4 pcs. 191 18.5 13
Fish 100 g 2-3 pcs 106 5 17 2
Chicken 100 g 1 portion 136 25 4
Wheat flour 1 katori raw 4 chapatis 336 68 12 1.6
Rice 1 katori raw 3 katoris 345 76 8 1.0
Pulses 100 g raw 4 katoris 345 60 24 1.0
Green leafy veg 100 g raw 1/3 katori 33 6 1 0.6
Seasonal veg 100 g raw 1/z katori 51 10 2.5 1.0
Root veg 100 g raw 1/z cup 93 21 2 0.1
Fruits 100 g 1 portion 54 12 1 0.2
Banana 100 g 1 portion 116 27 1.2 0.3
Nuts 100 g Handful 568 26 26 40
Sugar 100 g 400 100
Fat 100 g 900 100

40
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42
43
44
45
 Windows of achievement for six gross motor milestones

Walking alone

Standing alone
Motor milestone

Walking with assistance

Hands-&-knees crawling

Standing with assistance

Sitting without support

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Age in months

Reference: WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Motor Development Study: Windows of achievement
46
for six gross motor development milestones. Acta Paediatrica Supplement 2006;450:86-95.
 PEDIATRIC VITAL SIGNS REFERENCE CHART
Heart Rate (beats/min) Respiratory Rate (breaths/min)
Age Awake Asleep Age Normal
Neonate (<28 d) 100-205
90-160 Infant (<1 y) 30-53
Infant (1-12 mos) 100-190
Toddler (1-2 y) 98-140 80-120 Toddler (1-2 y) 22-37
Preschool (3-5 y) 80-120 65-100 Preschool (3-5 y) 20-28
School-age (6-11 y) 75-118 58-90 School-age (6-11 y) 18-25
Adolescent (12-15 y) 60-100 50-90 Adolescent (12-15 y) 12-20
Reference: PALS Guidelines, 2015

Blood Pressure (mmHg)

Age Systolic Diastolic Systolic Hypotension
<1 kg 39-59 16-36 <40-50
Birth (12 h)
3 kg 60-76 31-45 <50
Neonate (96 h) 67-84 35-53 <60
Infant (1-12 mos) 72-104 37-56 <70
Toddler (1-2 y) 86-106 42-63
Preschool (3-5 y) 89-112 46-72 <70 + (age in years × 2)
School-age (6-9 y) 97-115 57-76
Preadolescent (10-11 y) 102-120 61-80
<90
Adolescent (12-15 y) 110-131 64-83
Reference: PALS Guidelines, 2015
For diagnosis of hypertension, refer to the 2017 AAP guidelines Table 4 & 5:
[Link]

Temperature (°C) Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

Method Normal
Rectal 36.6-38.0
Tympanic 35.8-38.0
Oral 35.5-37.5 SpO2 is lower in the immediate newborn period.
Beyond this period, a SpO2 of <90-92% may suggest
Axillary 36.5-37.5 a respiratory condition or cyanotic heart disease.
Ranges do not vary with age.
Screening: axillary, temporal, tympanic (↓ accuracy)
Definitive: rectal & oral (↑ reflection of core temp.)
Reference: CPS Position Statement on Temperature
Measurement in Pediatrics (2015)

Dr. Chris Novak & Dr. Peter Gill for [Link]

(Edited March 2020 by Richard He)
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