Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, 2018

Titration of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid in vinegar

COMMERCIAL WITH A STRONG BASE AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND AMMONIA
WITH A STRONG ACID.
11/04/2018

Summary

In practice, a volumetric titration technique was carried out on two samples of NaOH and HCl.
to thus determine the equivalence point between the reactions by observing the physical changes in the
titration of the solutions, and the percentage of acetic acid present in the sample was also determined
of vinegar and the percentage of ammonium hydroxide present in the ammonia sample through
indicators. (Phenolphthalein and/or Methyl orange).

Palabras claves:titulación, acido, base, punto de equivalencia, muestra, concentración.

1. Introduction As it is a weak acid, the reaction is

reversible
Neutralization, in acid-base reactions, When titrating acetic acid with a strong base
they are important in different processes (NaOH), the reaction that takes place is:
chemicals in the scientific world
from biological processes to industrial ones, CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COO- + H2O
as in the laboratory until half CH3COO + Na+ + H2O → CH3COOH + OH–
environment, as it allows us to understand the
concentration of an unknown solution For each undissociated HA that is formed, it
what can act as a neutralizing acid releases an OH and therefore:
through a concentration base HA = OH-
known[1].
Weak acids and bases do not dissociate because To determine the appropriate indicator for
complete, therefore the ionization in this qualification is necessary to know what the
Water is partial and reversible and is made pH at the equivalence point, which
necessary the application of the principles of depends on the concentration of the
Solution at the end of the graduation and of the value
chemical equilibrium
of the dissociation constant.
HA:
Weak acid HA + H2O⇔ H3O+ + A- Based on the data we obtain in the
practice carried out, it is possible to determine its
normality, which will indicate to us how much
Acetic acid CH3COOH is an acid
weak, and dissociates according to the reaction of reactive is the substance used, the
balance normality is important because it us
Acetic acid⇔ CH3COO + H+ allows calculating the number of equivalents
of the solute per liter of the solution.[2]

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 2. Methodology Image 1

In the first part of the procedure, one

measured 25ml of HCl 0.1N with a pipette
volumetric and was poured into an Erlenmeyer
of 250ml, then 3 drops of the were added
indicator, in this case was phenolphthalein. The
The burette was filled completely (up to 50ml)
de NaOH, y se procedió a la titulación
until the solution contained
in the Erlenmeyer there was a color change to
a pale pink (image 2). This process
it was done 3 times.
As a second measure, it consisted of the
analysis of acetic acid in vinegar
commercial. About 10ml of vinegar was taken and
Image 2
it was dissolved in water until reaching 50ml; of
5 ml were taken (image 3), and it was passed
to an Erlenmeyer adding water until
complete 50 ml; to this were added 3
drops of phenolphthalein, and the burette was filled
with NaOH solution, the started the
titration until the point was reached
equivalence(image 4). This process is
repeated 2 times
For the titration of NaOH with HCl, one
measured 25ml of the NaOH 0.1N solution and
it was transferred to a 250ml Erlenmeyer, to this
the indicator was added, which in this case
it was methyl orange, and the started the
titration (image 1) filling the burette with
50ml of HCl, until the endpoint was reached.
of balance, determined by the color Image 3
characteristic, which in this case was a pink
a little darker, since the initial color
was yellow due to the indicator (image
This operation was performed 2 times.
As the last point of the practice, it was taken
25ml of the NH3 0.1N solution and it
He placed it in an Erlenmeyer, and added 3 drops.
of methyl orange; and the process was carried out to the
titration dropping solution drop by drop
from HCl, up to the specified point of
balance(image 6).

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Image 4

3. Discussion of Results

For the first valuation in which

involved a strong acid and a strong base
in the case of HCl and NaOH as agents
the titleholder, the title was processed in triplicate and
we obtained the following volumes
spent:

26.1mL 26.3 mL 26.2 mL

1 titration of 25ml of HCl with NaOH solution
Image 5 volumengastado1:26,1ml
waste volume 2:26.3ml
volumengastado3: 26,2ml
promedio:26,2ml

For the second volumetric analysis of

acetic acid CH3COOH and hydroxide of
sodium NaOH was also performed 3 times,
this was possible because it was added with utmost care
careful with the NaOH contained in the burette, to
a good appreciation of the volumes of
the base y the acid, y a
amovementconstant in circle of
flask where the acid was contained
acetic (CH3COOH) to know how close
of the neutralization himself
was
obtaining these volumes spent:

2.6mL 2.7mL 2.6mL

Image 6 Commercial vinegar titration with NaOH

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volumengastado1:2,6ml
spent volume 2: 2.7ml 4. questionnaire
volumengastado3: 2,6ml
promedio:2,63ml
2. Why What is phenolphthalein used for?
For the following degree in which in the titration of hydrochloric acid
used NaOH in the Erlenmeyer and HCl as and why orange from methyl
Valorant, drop by drop until it was possible en the of ammonia?
observe the color change (pale pink) Hydrochloric acid is used with the
making the procedure in duplicate phenolphthalein since, in the
observing the volumes spent neutralization of a weak acid with
next:
a strong base, at the point of
26.3m 26.2mL equivalence, the pH is basic, and this
L the indicator is the one that changes color
Titration of 25ml NaOH with HCl in the pH range
volumengastado1:26,3ml Ammonia is used with orange.
waste volume 2:26, 2ml
of methyl since, in the neutralization
promedio:26,25ml
of a strong acid with a weak base,
For the valuation of NH30.1N with HCl at the equivalence point, the pH is
he/she led to a title until seeing a change of color acidic, and therefore less than 7, and this
carrying out this procedure in duplicate the indicator is the one that changes color
the following volumes were generated in the pH range
used:
3. What are the types of
14.1mL 14mL reactions in volumetry?
Titration of NH3 with HCl
volumengastado1:14,1ml Volumetry for
wasted volume 2:14 ml precipitation: In this type of
volumetric analysis occurs
Considering that they are volumes
precipitation of the reagents
approximate means that the results
they were good since in the tests wrapped in the reaction, the
obtained acolorpale pink it used solutions are salt solutions
which indicated that the exact point was reached silver and barium salt. An example:
neutralization, that is; where the equivalent when used as a solution-
the gram of the acid was equal to that of the base. standard silver (Ag+) and how
How can we appreciate these volumes solution problem reagents that
they were very close so that
contain the ions Cl- and Br-, the
the result of the neutralizations was quite
similar. precipitate will be a silver halide
insoluble (AgBr, AgCl).
Volumetry by neutralization: The
analysis in this case occurs
between an acid and a base. If it
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Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. (2018)

use a base as a solution

problem, the concentration of the
solution is determined by the
addition of an acid. Now, if one
it is about an acid the solution
problem, the standard solution
needs to be basic to reach the
final concentration
Volumetry for oxidation
reduction: The reactions of
oxidation-reduction are used for
quantify the solutions. The analysis
is carried out through a solution
reducer and a standard solution,
for example, it can be used a
permanganate solution of
potassium (KMnO4) to determine the
concentration of hydrochloric acid in
determined solution, in this case the
hydrochloric acid works as a
reducer in the reaction. In this
analysis of the present ions is in Titration of a strong acid with a base
movement and cause oxidation and strong
The equivalence point of the titration of
simultaneous reduction.
an acid with a base corresponds to the
4. If you exceed the volume on the holder addition of an equivalent amount of base
What should you do? to the amount of acid originally
If at the time of the title you go over. present. For the titration of a strong acid
the volume even if it is just for one
with a strong foundation in ideal conditions the
the equivalence point is of a PH of
the drop must be repeated again 7.000 and corresponds to the inflection point of
the whole procedure the curve. Hydrochloric acid and the ion
5. Make a graph of valuation hydroxide (which is generally added as
between a strong acid and a strong base and sodium hydroxide) is an acid and a base
a weak acid and a strong base. What strong respectively, they are
differences in contrast between the completely dissociated. Their reaction of
titration graph of strong acid The qualification is simply reduced to l
with a strong base and of formation of water from ions
weak acid with a strong base? hydrogen and hydroxyl:
What are those differences due to? H+  OH- H2O
Sodium and chloride ions do not produce
no reaction. Consequently, the
solution obtained at the endpoint
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corresponds to a chloride solution of 1 [Link]: 30 grams
sodium, which has no appreciable influence [Link]
0.1N=
about the pH. 10Lsln
30gr
Weak acid titration with strong base 60.05g/mol0.49
M= = =0.5M
In this case, the equivalence point is 10Lsln 10
it finds in basic pH, therefore it will be mole
necessary to use an indicator that turns in
an appropriate basic interval such as the
moles NaOH=( 2.63x10−3 liter) 0.5
liter ( )
=1,315 times 10−3 m

grams
phenolphthalein. An indicator whose range of
transition be acid (like the orange of
NaOH mass=(1,315 times 10¿¿−3mol) 60.05
(
mol
=0,0
)
it will experience a gradual change of P0.079 grams
%= x100=0.79%
color during most of the titration V 10ml
and therefore it will be completely inappropriate.
The solution is basic at the point of
5. Conclusion
equivalence because the product of
Neutralization is a weak base. Titration by volumetric method
allows to evaluate the concentration
6. What would happen to the graph if instead unknown delete acid acetic
to use acids approximately Acetic acid a through of the
0.1N we would use concentrations known concentration of hydroxide
approximately 0.01N? sodium (NaOH), that is, the amount of
the necessary base to react
7. How does it work? electrode of quantitatively with that solution
glass, of a pH meter? acidic. And the unknown concentration
The glass electrode for measuring pH has from ammonium hydroxide (NH3) through
a glass bulb specifically designed of the concentration of hydrochloric acid
to be selective to ion concentration (HCL)[5]
of hydrogen. In the immersion in the solution The final point of the qualification that can
that will be tested, the hydrogen ions in the getting to know each other thanks to the indicators in
exchange of the test solution for this case phenolphthalein and the orange of
other positively charged ions in the it is called the break-even point
crystal bulb, creating a potential a strong acid is reached when there is
electrochemical through the bulb. a neutral pH. The equivalence point
a weak acid is reached when there is
8. Deduce the formula to calculate the % a pH greater than 7.
P/V of acetic acid in the sample
6. Bibliography
Fundamentals of analytical chemistry
M ( g ) CH3−COOH Volume2;[Link],DonaldM.
% w/v = (100) West, F. James Holler Chapter 17 - Page; 437.
Volume ( ml ) vinegar
View laboratory guide
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ 2. SKOOG, Douglas; WEST, Donald;
Moles NaOH = V (liters) x (M) HOLLER, James; CROUCH, Stanley;
NaOH 0.1 N M
Pm: 60.05g/mol

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Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. (2018)

fundamentals of analytical chemistry

Thomson editorial, 8 editions.
3.[4]Kenneth W. Whitten, Kenneth D.
Gailey; tr. Enrique Barrado Esteban
Rafael Pardo Almudi, General Chemistry
Mexico: Interamericana, c1985.
4.[5]Fritz, James S. Schenk, George., coauthor.
Aguilar Ortega, María Teresa, Química
quantitative analysis, Mexico: Limusa,
1986.
a. Webography

[3];[Link]
acid-base/acid
[Link]#ixzz5CK4GYjsS