BOLIVIAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

PUBLIC ACCOUNTING

HOTEL ACCOUNTING
BACKGROUND

Hospitality began as an economic activity in ancient times when merchants

they transported their products from one community to another and required physical spaces to rest.
These places were called 'Inns' or 'Hostels' and usually the payment for this service
was carried out with goods. The increasing flow of merchants and travelers led to the emergence
of hostels and they were constituted by constructions next to private residences and their
maintenance and care were the responsibility of the owner of those residences.

The hospitality activity grew as a result of evolution and technology of the

means of transportation, leading to the expansion of activities, mainly the
commercial. This situation also forced the need to invest greater capital to improve the
infrastructure and services of shelters, generating greater competition to attract more
guests, becoming what we now know as hotel activity and its services.

This is how hotels appeared, increasingly larger in infrastructure and with a wide range of
services that facilitate the guest to have a variety of services, among others there are:

✓ Restaurant Service (Food and Beverages)

✓ Communications Service (Telephone, fax, internet, others)
✓ Laundry, dry cleaning, and ironing service
✓ Sauna and pool service
✓ Servicio de transporte
✓ Disco, karaoke and recreational areas

DEFINITION OF HOTEL

A hotel is an establishment that offers travelers and tourists lodging services.

food, beverages, entertainment, and other services; operates with the purpose of providing
mainly accommodation for a person or group of people called 'guests'. The
Hotels are buildings that must be exclusively used for their intended purpose.

De acuerdo a la definición del Reglamento de Establecimientos de Hospedaje del I.B.T., se

establishments for accommodation are understood to be all those destined to provide habitually
accommodation services, with or without complementary catering service, by means of a payment of a
agreed amount.
HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT

The hotel activity allows for the generation of foreign currency for a country, since tourists
foreigners who arrive in a certain region for the use of its services make payments that
they are usually in foreign currency. Additionally, it contributes to the promotion of culture
and traditions towards travelers and tourists; who during their stay in a certain region,
then they share their experiences among their fellow countrymen or through social networks.

It is also a great activity that generates many jobs, both direct and indirect, in addition
contributes to the payment of taxes to the state coffers. However, to increase its
income and, consequently, its contribution to national development, the hotel activity must carry out
constant improvements in their infrastructure as well as the innovation of their services, in such a way,
that align with the increasingly higher demands of the guests.

It also generates growth and development in populations that are located away from urban areas.
urban areas that, while not a tourist attraction, can very well be a suitable place for rest, away from
of the urban noise.

As a factor for tourism development, it also contributes to the promotion of that activity.
through the promotion of tourist destinations, planning of national conventions and
international, establishment of tourism agreements with other countries for the exploitation of the service
hospitality and others.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOTEL ACTIVITY

The main feature of hotel activity is to provide accommodation to its clients. This service
it must adapt to what is now known as 'Total Quality', in terms of accommodation,
well-being, security or other services.

As a secondary characteristic, as mentioned earlier, hotel activity diversifies.

your services to meet the multiple needs of the guests; since they do not
They only provide lodging, but they also require meals, cleaning of their facilities, and communications.
with their countries of origin or residents, entertainment and others, which indirectly
transform raw materials into products for consumption. In this sense, the hotel industry
while it produces services, it indirectly contributes to the production of other goods and services.

One of the aspects that this activity must take into account is the season. There are two
seasons: high and low demand; in the high season (summer or winter) demand increases
considerably, as during the low season there is not much demand, where the
hotel management must devise the best ways to cover any effects
negative that affect their fixed costs.
HOTEL OFFER

All hotels have a pricing list according to their category and according to the additional services they offer.
offered to guests. Some complimentary services such as breakfasts, access to
internet via wifi, transportation and some souvenirs); making the hotel service offer be
varied, which is also reflected in the prices between one hotel and another.

There are also differences regarding the prices of the offered rooms, depending on
whether they are Single or Double Rooms, Suites, Executive Rooms or of another type.

At an international and even national level, different service plans are offered, such as for
example:

European Plan:

Solo accommodation, the guest only receives the lodging service and not others.
supplements.

Continental Plan:

Light breakfast (Tea or coffee or mate with its toasts or bread and butter), the guest aside from
Receive the accommodation service, a light breakfast is offered at no cost.

American Plan:

Includes full board (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), the guest apart from receiving the service of
Accommodation includes complimentary buffet breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

Modified American plan:

MediaPensión (Breakfast and lunch or dinner), the guest receives the service
Accommodation, with no additional cost, offers buffet breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

THE ACTIVITY ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF CLIENT

Guests are characterized by the objective they have when requiring the service.

They can be classified:

✓ Commercial Character
✓ Holiday character
✓ Attendance at Conventions/Meetings
✓ For travelers in transit, primarily to attend to business or work.
✓ For those who want a break
✓ For assistance at fairs, conferences, seminars (they could be with large groups)
✓ Temporary rental
ACCORDING TO THE QUALITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SERVICE

The hotel activity as a lodging establishment is classified according to the quality of its
infrastructure and types of additional services that it provides.

A lodging establishment is understood to be one that is intended to habitually provide

accommodation services, with or without complementary services, through the payment of a
agreed amount.

ACCORDING TO CATEGORIES

Accommodation establishments are classified into the following groups and categories:

Group 1: 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 star hotels,

Group 2: Residentials of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 stars.

Group 3: Guest Houses.

Group 4: 3, 2, and 1 star motels.

Group 5: Accommodations.

Group 6: Posadas.

ACCORDING TO YOUR LOCATION

Every hotel aims to provide its clients with the greatest comfort regarding its location. In this
In this sense, we can identify their normal location.

Metropolitan Hotels: Located in the cities

Hotel Casino: located in the cities, but the guest prefers the games

Vacation Hotel: located outside urban areas

An important point is the preference for hotel locations near the terminals such as
Airports, Ports, Stations or Terminals; to provide immediate service to the guest.
However, this is compensated by the offer of providing transport to the guests.
free from the terminals to the hotels when they take the service and from the hotels to the
terminals when hotel service concludes.

Finally, the hotel activity can offer permanent services (throughout the
year) or according to the season (by season); that is, at certain times of the year, such as winter
and summer. On the other hand, the guest can rely on services available 24 hours a day,
due to the existence of permanent staff for assistance.
ACCORDING TO THE ADDITIONAL SERVICES TO THE GUEST

1. Main services.

a) Restaurant.

b) Cafeteria.

c) Banquet and/or convention hall.

d) Room service.

e) Nightclub or Disco.

f) Bar.

2. Complementary services.

a) Aesthetics.

b) Tobacco shop.

c) Car rental company.

d) Travel agency.

e) Boutiques.

f) Laundry and dry cleaning.

g) Pharmacy.

h) Recreation area.

i) Commercial area.

j) Medical Service.

3. Other conditions.

a) Location.

b) Property quality.

c) Conservation status.

d) Special facilities.
HOTEL ACTIVITY IN BOLIVIA

Hotel activity in Bolivia is concentrated in the central axis formed by the cities of La
Paz, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz; due to the tourist, economic and political movement in
these departments are greater than in the others. However, there are currently regions in some
departments that have hotels of considerable magnitude, such as Beni, Potosí, Tarija
and Chuquisaca, which allow for better days to be anticipated for the growth of hotel activity.

The hotel activity in Bolivia has been regulated and controlled since 1937, the year it was created.
la "Dirección General de Extranjería y Turismo", para posteriormente ser denominada "Dirección
National Tourism" in the year 1970. This Institution is dedicated to regulating tourism in general and the
hotel activity in particular. In 1973, the 'Bolivian Institute of Tourism' (IBT) was created,
through D.S. 10702, an institute dependent on the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Tourism,
currently controlled by the Vice Ministry of Tourism. The main function is to register,
classify, plan, develop, coordinate, promote, and supervise hotel activity in
Bolivia.

Hotels are classified into categories of five, four, three, two, and one star. The rating
"Grand Luxury" can only be used by hotels classified in the five-star category and
declared with such status by the Ministry of Tourism and Sports when they meet conditions
exceptional in their facilities, equipment, and services.

Hostels are classified in the categories of two and one star.

Hotels-apartments are classified into five, four, three, two, and one star categories.

The category will be set taking into account the quality of the facilities and services, according to
the provisions in the Specific Regulation of hotel establishments.

In addition, each hotel company may voluntarily choose to include its establishment in
one of the specialties covered by the aforementioned Regulation.

There are specialties necessarily linked to a modality:

HOTELS

Tourist accommodation establishments meet certain requirements:

They must occupy the entirety or an independent part of a building, or a set of buildings.
homogeneous form, having its own entrances and, where applicable, elevators and stairs for use
exclusive. However, the exploitation of hotels is also permitted together with that of
hotels-apartments and with the timeshare regime when they are the same
category.

b) Hotels have a greater number of elevators based on their higher category.

c) The minimum dimensions of rooms, living rooms, bathrooms, and sanitary services are based on
of the highest category of the hotel.

4 and 5 star hotels will have suites and hair dryers in the bathrooms.

The hotels have, unlike the other groups, service areas separate from the
destined for their clients: kitchens, cold rooms, wine cellar and pantry, luggage storage area,
etc.

f) Hotels with 1, 2, and 3 stars are not required to have a garage. Those with 4 and 5
stars yes.

g) Hotels with 1, 2, and 3 stars are not obligated to have air conditioning in the
rooms; those of 4 and 5 stars do.

h) The bar and dining services are only mandatory in 3, 4, and 5-star hotels.

i) Except for the 1-star hotels, all hotels must provide laundry service, linens, and
iron.

In all hotels, a first aid kit is mandatory.

k) The 4 and 5-star hotels will have a childcare service, and when they have
with more than 100 accommodation units, hairdressing service.

HOSTELS

They are those accommodation establishments, exempt from certain requirements demanded of
the hotels. Some characteristics of hostels:

2-star hostels are required to have an elevator; 1-star hostels are not.

b) They can occupy only a part of a building.

c) They must be equipped with sanitary services in all rooms.

They have cleaning service, heating, and cooling.

HOTELS-APARTMENTS

They are those establishments that, in addition to meeting the requirements demanded of hotels,
they also have, within each accommodation unit, the appropriate facilities for the
preparation, preservation, and consumption of food and beverages.

Depending on the category of the hotel-apartment, the size of the rooms and the
number of bathrooms. In the 4 and 5 star ones, the kitchen will be located in a room independent of
living room
The apartment-hotels can occupy the entirety or an independent part of a building, or a
set of buildings of a homogeneous shape, with their own entrances, and, where applicable,
elevators and staircases for exclusive use, or they can share the same space with a hotel
of the same category.

ORGANIZATION
Principal Administrative Personnel of Hotels

Administrative and Service Personnel.

In order for a hotel to be classified as 5 Stars, it is essential that it has a

complete administrative and service personnel as follows:

a) Bilingual director or manager.

b) Deputy Director or Assistant Manager

c) Shift Assistant Manager.

d) Director of food and beverages.
e) Bilingual banquet director.
f) Bilingual Sales Director. Manager of
reservations.
h) Director of Relationships
i) Bilingual reception manager.
j) Bilingual receptionists.
k) Bilingual credit manager.
l) Bilingual cashiers. (General cash desk and cashiers
departamental
m) Maintenance manager.
n) Specialized maintenance personnel.
o) Security and surveillance personnel.
p) Bilingual master.
q) Kitchen chief.
r) Bilingual dining captain.
s) Bilingual waiters.
t) Housekeeper.
u) Room or floor supervisor.
v) Chambermaid in an appropriate proportion to the number of rooms.
w) Bilingual bell captain.
x) Uniformed bilingual buttons. Valet service.

There is a locker at reception for each guest where they can leave their keys, receive letters or
documents, messages, and others that are easy for the guest. This locker also serves to
the guest leaves messages and others for third parties to pick up, upon prior verification
of the destination of the messages.
The receptionist keeps a record of all available rooms and those that are occupied.
occupied, through its internal control. Therefore, it is responsible for the registration of rooms,
inform about available spaces (available rooms), instruct the bell boys to
Accompany the newly arrived guests to their rooms, also notify the employees.
from administrative information to the opening of individual or collective accounts for the guests.

The cashier from the administration office informs the receptionist about all the exits of
guests and this in turn registers them in the book of available rooms. Immediately gives
instructions to the housekeeping department to have those rooms cleaned and
cleaned.

Currently, computerized and networked media have streamlined those operations, both for the
receptionist for the Housekeeping Department and administrative information. This
the Administrative Information department refers to having all the information up to the minute
records of guest arrivals and departures to inform other departments,
care of room keys, communication with visitors to guests, take care of the mail and
all messages received for guests

The operators that are mostly found in the Reception Department are
the staff responsible for providing telephone information regarding service costs, available spaces,
reservation control, assignment of rooms to all interested parties who wish to take the
services at a certain hotel. It also manages the reservation forms or books and the control of
time that each guest will use the main service which is accommodation.

The operators must always be in coordination with the Switchboard Department.

For a hotel to be classified as a 5-Star type, it is essential that it has a

complete administrative and service personnel as follows:

CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Below is a brief description of the control accounts involved in hotel activity.

ACTIVE
CURRENT ASSET

AVAILABLE
Petty cash national currency
The Peace
Petty Cash
The Peace
Central National Currency Box
The Peace
Central Foreign Currency Box
The Peace
BANKS

National Currency Banks

NATIONAL BANK OF BOLIVIA
Principal Street
Foreign Currency Bank
Bank of Santa Cruz
The Peace
Main CTA

DEPOSITS IN TRANSIT

Remittances and Transfers in Transit Bolivian Currency

NATIONAL BANK
The Peace

Foreign cheques

SAVINGS ACCOUNT

National Currency Savings Box

ForeignCurrencySavingsAccount

DEPOSITO A PLAZO FIJO

Fixed Term Deposit in National Currency

Fixed Term Deposit Foreign Currency

ENFORCEABLE
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Income fromCharge National Currency Guests
receivables Foreign Currency Guests
Incometobesettled
Airlines

ALOWERS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable for commercial rental

Rents receivable for venues
Party Hall
Rent receivables Parking and others
Documents to be collected

Documents Receivable National Currency

Rejected Checks
Foreign Currency Receivables

DOCUMENTS V ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE IN DEFAULT AND JUDICIAL

Documents receivable in arrears National Currency Companies and
Individuals
Travel Agency
Employees
Government and National Companies
Credit Cards
Rejected Checks

Interests to be collected
Interest Receivable National Currency NATIONAL BANK OF BOLIVIA
Banking on fixed-term deposits Interest Receivable Foreign Currency MUTUAL LA PAZ
Banking

OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Taxes Receivable National Currency
Tax Credit Purchases VAT
Rentals Receivable National Currency
Rentals
Rents Receivable Foreign Currency
Rentals
Delivery Charges Accountability National Currency
Employees
Delivery Charges Accountability Foreign Currency
Employees

RECEIVABLES

INVENTORIES
Drinks
Soft drinks
Mineral waters
Others

Central Warehouse - La Paz Materials and Supplies

Papelería Material de aseo
Cleaning Material
Souvenirs Electrical material
Medical Material
Others

White Clothing and Lingerie Warehouse Central Warehouse - La Paz

Blankets Sheets
Bathroom Exits
Towels
Manteles Servilletas Otros
Candy and Beverage Store
Central Warehouse - La Paz Sweets
Cookies Chocolates Others
Beverages
Soft Drinks Liqueurs
Others

Product Storage in Mini Fridge

Central Warehouse - La Paz Snacks

Cookies
Chocolates
Others
Drinks
Soft drinks
Liquors
Others

Glassware and Tableware Store

Spoonfuls
Glasses

NON-CURRENT ASSET

FIXED ASSET

FIXED ASSET
Lands
Buildings and Constructions Central Buildings
Other constructions Communications Team
Switch equipment
Computer Equipment
Vehicles
Guest Service Vehicles
Executive vehicles Furniture and Fixtures Room furniture
Administration furniture
Machinery and Equipment
Kitchen Team
Kitchenware and utensils
Sauna pool equipment
Laundry and dry cleaning equipment
Other teams
Other Fixed Assets

ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION FIXED ASSETS

Accumulated Depreciation Building
Accumulated Depreciation Communication Equipment
Accumulated Depreciation Furniture and Fixtures
Accumulated Depreciation Machinery and Equipment
Accumulated Depreciation Tools

INTANGIBLE
ORGANIZATION EXPENSES

Organization Expenses

KEY RIGHT

Key Right

PASSIVE

CURRENT LIABILITIES

SHORT-TERM DEMANDABLE

SUPPLIERS
National Currency Suppliers

Suppliers for Warehouses

Service Maintenance Providers

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Accounts Payable National Currency

Accounts Payable for Basic Services
Judicial Withholdings
Accounts Payable Foreign Currency
Accounts Payable Services

OBLIGATIONS WITH THE

PERSONAL
Salaries Payable
Operational Personnel
Administrative Personnel Settlements to be Paid
Operational Personnel
Administrative Personnel
Family assistance to be paid
Operational Personnel
Administrative Staff
Administrative Staff

OBLIGATIONS FOR SOCIAL CHARGES

Contributions Payable
CNS contributions payable
Employer contributions to pension funds payable contributions

AFP Labor for Payment Bonus Provision

Provision Prima
Provision Other Salaries

BANKING OBLIGATIONS
Bank Obligations National Currency
Bank Loans
Interests and Commissions Payable
Foreign Currency Bank Obligations
Bank Loans Interest and Commissions

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
Accounts Payable National Currency
Accounts Payable for Basic Services
Judicial Withholdings
Accounts Payable Foreign Currency

OBLIGATIONS WITH THE STAFF

Salaries Payable
Operational Personnel
Administrative Personnel Final Settlements to be Paid
Operational Personnel
Administrative Personnel
Family assistance to be paid
Medical Assistance to be paid by Personnel
Tips to distribute Operational Personnel

OBLIGATIONS FOR SOCIAL CHARGES

CONTRIBUTIONS PAYABLE
CNS contributions payable
Aportes AFPs Patronal por pagar Aportes AFPs Laboral por pagar
Christmas Bonus Provision
Provision Premium
Provision for Other Salaries

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

LONG-TERM DEMANDABLE

LONG-TERM BANKING OBLIGATIONS

Bank Obligations National Currency
Bank Loans
Interest and Commissions
Foreign Currency Banking Obligations
Bank Loans

LOANS AND OBLIGATIONS TO

LONG TERM
Loans and Obligations in National Currency
Institutions or Legal Name
Other loans and currency obligations
Foreign to third parties

PROVISIONS AND FORECASTS

Provisions
Provision for bonuses Provisions to
Long Term Indemnities

HERITAGE

CAPITAL AND CAPITAL RESERVES

SOCIAL CAPITAL
Authorized Capital
Authorized Capital
Subscribed Capital
Paid Capital
Contributions for Capitalization
RESERVATIONS
Statutory Reserves
Legal Reserves
Extraordinary Reservations
Reserves for revaluation of fixed assets
Adjustments to Equity

Global Adjustment of Equity Adjustment of

Capital
Adjustment of Heritage Reserves

UTILITIES
Accumulated utility to be distributed
Accumulated loss
USEFULNESS OF MANAGEMENT
LOSS OF MANAGEMENT
Box 170000
White goods warehouse 190000
Land 600000
building 1400000
Furniture and fixtures 900000
Computer Team 80000
Communication Team 2600000
Machinery and equipment 250000
Vehicles 150000
Social Capital 4,000,000

_______________________2_______________________

Organizational expenses 8874

Tax credit 1326
Box 10200

________________________3_________________________

Advance payments to suppliers 3000

Box 3000

________________________4__________________________

Warehouse of Materials and Supplies 21576

Products Warehouse 43500
Tax credit 9724
Box 74800

_________________________5__________________________

Warehouse of materials and supplies 4698

Tax credit 702
Box 2400
Advance to suppliers 3000

________________________6____________________________

Banks 78100
Box 78100
_______________________7____________________________

Financial expenses 217.50

Tax credit 32.5
Banks 250
_______________________8_____________________________
8000
Box 8000
Deposits for reservation
Box 170000
Linen warehouse 190000
Land 600000
Building 1,400,000
Furniture and household items 900,000
Computer Team 80000
Communication Team 2600000
Machinery and equipment 250000
Vehicles 150000
Social Capital 4000000

_______________________9_______________________

Organization expenses 8874

Tax credit 1326
Box 10200

________________________10_________________________

Advance to suppliers 3000

Box 3000

________________________11__________________________

Warehouse of Materials and supplies 21576

Product Warehouse 43500
Tax credit 9724
Box 74800

_________________________12__________________________

Materials and supplies warehouse 4698

Tax credit 702
Box 2400
Advance to suppliers 3000

________________________13___________________________

Banks 78100
Box 78100
_______________________14__________________________

Financial expenses 217.50

Tax credit 32.5
Banks 250
_______________________15____________________________
8000
Box 8000
Deposits for reserve
_______________16__________________

Box 44480
Deposit for reservation 80000
Accounts receivable 52280
Tips to be paid 200
17

Accounts Receivable 42940

Transaction tax 1288
Exploitation products 5582.20
Tax debt 1288.20
It to pay

_________________18________________

Documents receivable 42940

Accounts receivable 42940

19

Accounts receivable 4100

Transaction tax 123
Exploitation Products 3567
Tax liability 533
It is for payment 123
__________________20_______________

Documents receivable 4100

Accounts receivable 4100

_________________21_________________

Cost of operation service. Room 146299.60

Cost of restaurant service operation 24165.20
Cost of operation service. Sauna Pool 9365.60
Cost explanation of laundry service 6292.40
Cost of service exploitation. Dry cleaning 4021.20
Material and Supply Warehouse 10424
Product warehouse 4720
Linen store 175000
MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
Initial Inventory of Products 0.00
Purchases 26,274.00
Products available for consumption 26,274.00
Finished goods inventory 15,850.00
COST OF PRODUCTS CONSUMED 10.424,00

FOOD AND BEVERAGES

Initial Product Inventory 0.00
Purchases 43.500,00
Products available for consumption 43,500.00
End of product inventory 38.780,00
COST OF PRODUCTS CONSUMED 4.720,00

WHITE CLOTHING
Initial Inventory of Products 190.000,00
Purchases 0.00
Products available for consumption 190,000.00
Finished products inventory 15,000.00
COST OF CONSUMED PRODUCTS 175,000.00
_____________________22_____________

Administrative expenses 1524.95

Basic Services
Operating cost of room 4612.46
Basic Services
Restaurant operating cost 1977.58
Basic Services
Cost of sauna pool exploitation 440.02
Basic Services
Laundry service operating cost 364.33
Basic Services
Operating costs dry cleaning 250.81
Basic Services
Costs of communication service exploitation. 4589.25
Basic services
Credito fiscal diferido 2030.60
Accounts payable
15790