CHAPTER III BEHAVIOR OF GASES

1. The pressure exerted on 25 liters of a gas increases from 15 atm

At 85 atm. Calculate the new volume if the temperature remains
constant.

V1= 25 ltos. Boyle P1V1= P2V2

P1= 15 atm.
15atm 25 liters
P2= 85 atm. V2 4.41 liters
85 atm
An open vessel, whose temperature is 10 °C, is heated at pressure.
constant, up to 400 °C. Calculate the fraction of the weight of air
initially contained in the vessel, which is expelled.

V1 V2 V1 V2 283 K
T1= 10 °C T1= 283 K 0.42
T1 T2 T1 T2 673 K
T2= 400 °C T2= 673 °K

Fraction of air that remains = 0.42 = 42%

Fraction of air expelled = 1 - 0.42 = 0.58 = 58%

3. How many spherical rubber balloons, with a capacity of 6 liters, can

fill under normal conditions with hydrogen from a
tank that contains 250 liters of the same at 68 °F and 5 atm of pressure?

P1= 5 atm
PV1 PV1 2 2
P2 1atm T1 T2
T1293 K CN
T2 273 K P1V1T2
V2
T1P2
V1= 250 ltos

5atm 250ltos 273 K

V2 1164.67l
293 K 1 atm

1164.67 liters
balloons 194.1 balloons
6ltos

A sample of air is 50% saturated with water vapor at 30 °C and

it is at a pressure of 700 mm. What will be the partial pressure of
water vapor if the gas pressure is reduced to 100 mm? The pressure of
Water vapor at 30 °C is 31.8 mm.

T = 303 K P1= 700 mmHg

P2= 100 mmHg Pv31.8 mmHg (50%)
 P1700mm
= = 7 The total pressure decreases
P2100mm
31.8
7 times, then:Pv=×0.5 = 2.27mmHg
7
5. In a building with air conditioning, energy is absorbed from the
exterior 1000 liters of air, at a temperature of 11 °C, pressure of 780
mm and relative humidity of 20%. This air passes through the devices
suitable, where the temperature rises to 20 °C and the relative humidity to
40%. What will be the volume occupied by this mass of air, if the
The pressure in the building is 765 mm? The vapor pressures of water at
11 °C y 20 °C son, respectivamente, 9,8 mm y 17,5 mm.

V1= 1000 ltos

T1= 284 °K P1780 mm hr= 20%
Pvh209.8 mmHg
T2= 293 °K P2765 mm hr= 40%
Pvh2o17.5 mmHg
V2= ?
Correcting pressures:

P=
1 780 9.8×0.2 = 778.04 mmHg
P2= 765 17.5×0.4 =758.0 mmHg

P1V1P2V2
= Combined Law
T1T2

PVT
1 1 2
778.04mm 1000ltos 293 K
V2
Clearing P2T1 758.0mm 284 K
V2 1058.96 liters

6. 1 liter of saturated benzene vapor air at 20 °C and at the pressure

a total of 750 mm expands at that temperature, in contact with benzene
liquid, up to a volume of 3 liters. The vapor pressure of benzene at
20 °C is 74.7 mm. Find the final pressure of the saturated vapor air.
from benzene.

V1= 3 lto
PVC6H674.7 mmHg T1= 293 °K PT1= 750 mmHg
V2=3ltos PT2= ?

P1 = 750-74.7 = 675.3 mmHg

PV
P2 1 1

V2
P1V1= P2V2 from where:
675.3mmHg 1l
P2 225.1 mmHg
3l
 P2= 225,1 + 74,7 = 299,8 mmHg

7. Air saturated with 60% ethyl alcohol, at 40 °C and 760 mm, is compressed
Inside a 100-liter tank at 10 atm and 30 °C. Calculate
the volume of air under the initial conditions. The vapor pressures
The ethyl alcohol at 30 °C and 40 °C are, respectively, 70.8 and 135.3.
mm of mercury. Assume the volume of condensed ethyl alcohol is zero.

V1= ? V2= 100 ltos PVALCOHOL =

78.8 mmHg at 30 °C
T1= 313 °K T2= 303 K
135.3 mm Hg at 40 °C
P1= 760 mmHg P2= 7600 mmHg (10atm)

P1V1P2V2
=
T1T2
P1V1T2
V2=
P2T1
Correcting pressures:
P1 760 135 0.6 678.82 mmHg
P2 7600 78,8 0.6 7352.72 mmHg

7552.72 mmHg 100 liters 303 K

V1 1149.3 liters
678.82 mmHg 303 K

MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF GASES

Under certain conditions, the density of a gas is 1.64 g/l. Under the same
Under pressure and temperature conditions, 1 liter of oxygen weighs 1.45 g.
What is the molecular weight of that gas?

dgas1.64 g/l Mgas= ?

V = 1 l O2 mO21.45 g
m m
PV=RT; if d= then: PM = d R T
M M

P M gas 1.64 g/lto R T 1,64 32

M gas 36.19 g/mol
P M gas 1.45g/lto R T 1.45

2. Calculate the volume that 2 g of oxygen will occupy at 20 °C and 720 mm of pressure.
pressure.

V = ? t = 20 °C
m = 2 g of O2 P = 728 mmHg
 m R T
V
M P
mHg lto
29g 62.4 293 K
V K mole
32 g/mol 728mmHg

V 1,568...liters

3. The density of a gas at 25 °C and 1.25 atm of pressure is 1.436 g/liter.

What is its density under normal conditions?

dgas1.436 g/l T1= 298 °K P = 1.25 atm

T2= 273 °K P = 1 atm

1.25 M 1,436 R 298 1,436 298

d 1,254O...g/liters
1.0 M d R 273 1,25 273

4. 2.04 g of a pure substance is converted to vapor at 55 °C and 780 mm of pressure.

pressure. The volume obtained under these conditions is 230 cc. Calculate
the molecular weight of said substance.

m = 2.04 g V = 0.23 ltos

t = 328 °K M = ?
P = 780 mmHg

m
PV RT
M
m R T
M
PV

2.04g 62.4 mmHg l 328 K

M
780 mmHg K mol 0.23 liters

M 232.7 g/mol

A one-liter flask contains a mixture of hydrogen and oxide of

carbon at 10 °C and total pressure of 786 mm. Calculate the weight of hydrogen
if the flask contains 0.1 g of carbon oxide.

V = 1 liter H2 + CO mH2= ?
t = 10 °C yes : mCO0.1 g
Pt = 786 mmHg
 a R T
PV
MV
a R T0,1g 62.4mmHg l 293 K
Pco 63 mmHg
MV 28g/mol K mol 1 liter

later:P 786
H
- 63 723mmHg
723 mmHg 1 liter 2 g/mol
aH2 0.0818gH2
mmHg l
62.4 293 K
K mol

6. 250 cm3About acetone at -10 °C and 770 mm, a gas has been collected.
pressure. The gas weighs 1.34 g and the vapor pressure of acetone at -10 °C
It is 39 mm. What is the molecular weight of the gas?

V = 0.25 liters Pv = 39 mmHg

m = 1,34 g P = 770 - 39 mmHg
T = 263 °K MGAS= ?
P = 770 mmHg

a
PV RT
M
a R T
M
PV

1,345g 62.4 mmHg l 263 K

M
731 mmHg K mol 0.25 liters

M 120.25 g/mol

7. The weight composition of air is 23.1% oxygen, 75.6% nitrogen.

1.3% of argon. Calculate the partial pressures of these three gases.
in a 1-liter capacity container, which contains 2 g of air at
-20 °C.

a R T
PT
23.1% O2 M V
75.6 & %N V
2 1 liter m 2g 2 62 253
PT
1.3% Ar 28.96 1l
T 253 k PT 1089.57 mmHg
 mO2 0.462g(0.231 2)
0.462 62.4 253
PO2 277.78 mmHg
32 1

in the same way: mN20.756 2 = 1,512 g PN2= 850.8 mm.

mAt= 0.026 g ; PAt= 10.25 mmHg.

In a 2-liter capacity container, 5 liters of oxygen are collected.

measured at a pressure of 2 atm, and 10 liters of nitrogen at the pressure of
4 atm. 25 liters of the gas mixture are allowed to escape at the pressure of one
atmósfera. Calcular: a) la presión final en el recipiente; y b) el peso
of oxygen and nitrogen contained at the end in said container. The
The temperature has always remained constant at 25 °C.

V = 2 ltos
VO2= 5 ltos P = 2 atm 25 liters to P = 1 atm
VN2= 10 ltos P = 4 atm
2atm 5l 3g/mol 4 10 28
O2 13.05gO2N 2 45,834 gN2
atm l 0.082 298
0.082 298 K
K mole
PTin the 2-liter container:
atm l
13,095g 0.082 298 K
PO2 K mol 4,999atm
32 g/mol 2l
PT 25 atm, extract 25 liters at 1 atm:
ATM l
45,834g 0.082 298 K
PN2 K mole 19.99 atm
2.9 g/mol 2l
25 atm V
1
1atm 25 liters 1 liter
1

a) as the volume reduces from 2 liters to 1 liter: then Pf=

25
atm 12.5 atm
2
b)mde O2 y N2in the end:
25atm 2l 32g/mol
aO2= 6.54gO2
ATM l
0.082 298 K
K mole

10atm 2l 28g/mol
aN2= 2.9gN2
ATM l
0.082 298 K
K mol
The volume of a saturated humid air mixture at 50 °C is 4
liters at a pressure of 5 atm. Calculate: a) the final total pressure when
 this mixture expands over water to a volume of 20 liters, at
constant temperature; and b) the grams of water that evaporate for
maintain the air saturated with moisture. The vapor pressure of water at 50
°C is 92.5 mm.

Vsaturated air= 4 ltos

t = 50 °C P = 5 atm P = 3800 mmHg
PV92.5 mmHg

a) V2= 20 ltos V1= 4 ltos

P1= 3707.5 mmHg (corrected)
PV
1 1
PV2 2
3707.5 mmHg 4l
P2
20l
P2 741.5 mmHg
P2 741,5 92.5 834 mmHg

92.5 mmHg 4ltos 18g/mol

a 0.33g
mmHg l
62.4 323 K
K mol
b) 1,652 0,33 1.32gH2O
92.5 mmHg 20 liters 18g/mol
a 1,652g
mmHg l
62.4 323 K
K mol
10. At 0 °C the density of methyl chloride at a pressure of 0.5 atm is
1.401 g/liter, and at a pressure of 0.25 atm, it is 0.5666 g/liter. Starting from
From these data, calculate the exact molecular weight of methyl chloride.

T = 273 K
dMethyl chloride1.1401 g/l to dMethyl chloride0.5666 g/l
P = 0.5 atm P = 0.25 atm
MMethyl chloride= ?
d 1,1401
2,2802
P 1 0.5
0.0138
d 0.5666
2.2664
P 2 0.25

d
M RT (2,2664 0,0138)0,08206 273 50.46 g/mol
P 0