CENTER FOR HIGH STUDIES IN POLICE SPECIALTIES

C.A.E.E.P. SAN MARTIN

INDEX

BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF POLICE TACTICS

Minimum Operating Unit……………………………………….p. 3

Types of Cover…………………………………….............…..p. 3

Specific Techniques………………………………………………………………….p. 3

Cooper Scale……………………………………………………………………..p. 4

TYPES OF PROCEDURE

Concept of Procedure...............................................................p. 5

Classification of Procedures..........................................................p. 5

Application errors in Police Procedures..........................p. 6

ORGANIZATIONAL COACHING

Concept and purpose.....................................................p. 7

Characteristics of Coaching..........................................p.7

LEADERSHIP

Definition………………………………………………………………………………p. 8
Teamwork .................................................................... p. 8

Equipment management……………………………………………………………………..p. 9

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE POLICE PROFESSION

Police Doctrine………………………………………………………………………page 9
Basic principles of police action.....................................................p. 9

Attributions ..................................................................... p. 10

Self-Defense and Third Parties……………………………………………………...page 10

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FUNDAMENTOS BÁSICOS DE TACTICA POLICIAL

MINIMUM OPERATIONAL UNIT (M.O.U.):

It consists of a minimum of two members, both forming a

unit that acts from the tactical point of view as a single person. In cases where
that an agent does not form a minimum operational unit, it will only be able to act in
Strategic form but not in the resolution of the event. One should never be dissatisfied with the

minimum unit in a displacement.

MINIMUM FORCE ACCORDING TO THE RESISTANCE OF THE OFFENDER:

It is the least amount of force applied to control a hostile situation.

Example: when putting on handcuffs, it is not necessary to hit them on the wrists.

TYPES OF COVERING

In police work patrolling on foot and/or in a police vehicle in case of necessity

There are four basic types of covers to know, in order to protect ourselves:

PHYSICAL COVER: With this cover we manage to cover our silhouette and at the same time
time prevents a projectile or lethal element from hitting or impacting the
same; Example: A WALL.
VISUAL COVER: This second cover, unlike the previous one, only prevents
that the figure is seen but is not protected from projectiles trying to hit it;
Example: A TREE; a PLATE.
PASSIVE FIRE COVER: It is when the Officer is directing his WEAPON towards and
about the objective seeks to ensure the physical integrity of themselves, of their peer or of third parties,

but without firing live ammo. Example: Aiming my weapon at the target, that of
I cover myself.
ACTIVE FIRE COVER: This technique is identical to the previous one (No. 3) with
the caveat that in this case our WEAPON is directed towards and at the target
Opening Fire.

SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES

PRIORITY STEPS IN THE POLICE PROCEDURE

1° CLASSIFY THE POLICE PROCEDURE

2nd SELECT ARMAMENT ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF RISK
3° COMMUNICATE WITH THE BASE AND REQUEST SUPPORT IF NECESSARY
4° CARRY OUT THE RECOMMENDED TACTICAL DEPLOYMENT

5th APPLY THE VERBAL PERSUASION THAT THE SITUATION REQUIRES

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HAVING TIME: Upon becoming aware of the event that was communicated to us,
while we are being transported in the police vehicle we must plan a strategy to
ensure the tactical action (we try to apply the priority steps).

UNSCHEDULED or UNEXPECTED: During the daily patrol and/or rounds, we can

we encounter surprising events that do not allow us to have enough time
to develop a strategy, we act according to tactical movements respecting
the security measures. In this case, we only apply points 4 and 5 of the steps
priorities.

COOPER SCALE

DISREGARD
1

2 ATTENTION

DETENTION OF A POSSIBLE CRIMINAL ACT

3

4 ARMED CONFRONTATION

THE DEATH OF THE POLICE OFFICER

5

1st DISATTENTION (WHITE COLOR): When the cash that is working is

completely inattentive to his duties. Example: a police officer using his phone
mobile phone in the public way uniformed, where a large number of people pass.

2nd ATTENTION (YELLOW COLOR): When an officer is attentive to their duties and to
At the same time, it can be performing an action. Example: Providing information to a citizen.

showing to be attentive around.

3rd DETECTION OF A POSSIBLE CRIMINAL ACT (ORANGE COLOR): It is that

moment when the officer or officers, by being attentive and responsible just for the mere
presence prevents and in case of encountering a criminal situation, they act
following the Priority Steps in the Police Procedure.

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4TH ARMED CONFRONTATION (RED COLOR): Situation in which the personnel

due to the level of risk and complexity of the situation, it reaches the instance of
armed confrontation.

5º THE DEATH OF THE POLICE OFFICER (BLACK COLOR): The highest percentage is due to being

inattentive, poor conduct of the officer, due to lack of training and police tactics, etc.

TYPES OF POLICE PROCEDURES

CONCEPT OF PROCEDURE

It derives from the procedure that according to the dictionary is the way, form, and order of behaving.

and govern one's actions, whether good or bad. According to an ancient definition, it is the
method of executing something, it has also been defined as the way of proceeding in
justice.

Applying the definition to police procedure, we would say that it is the method of
carry out actions in general, in the fulfillment of the mission and police function, that is
in fulfilling and enforcing the law.

CLASSIFICATION OF PROCEDURES

Due to the level of risk, complexity, and the variation of police procedures
those that an Officer must face and resolve, they are classified into three groups.

ORDINARY PROCEDURE.

PROCEEDING FOR PROBABLE CAUSE

HIGH RISK PROCEDURE.

ORDINARY PROCEDURE

They are the ones who have a preventive and educational mission due to their characteristics regarding the

set of society, carrying out a deterrent action on those individuals

with hostile intentions. It accounts for 70% of police action procedures.

PROCEDURE BY PROBABLE CAUSE

They are the ones who have enough evidence to conjecture a possible component.
criminal. They can also have a PASSIVE reaction from the individual's perspective.
HOSTILE.

Suspicion does not say that a citizen is a criminal, but it is presumed.

being suspicious indicates that it can become HIGH RISK.

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HIGH RISK PROCEDURE

They are those who have a REAL, LETHAL, and IMMINENT RISK against cash, their
by third parties. In this procedure, the presence of weapons is always taken into account.
own and improper as well as the criminal component is proven. From the perspective
of the citizen can be PASSIVE-HOSTILE.

LEVEL OF RISK AND COMPLEXITY

Ordinary Probable Cause High risk

Passive Passive Passive Hostile Passive Hostile

0% Level of risk and complexity 100 %

It is important to keep in mind that in any of all the procedures in

those who have cash can automatically move to a higher level of
complexity, having in this case to RECLASSIFY the procedure both towards
forward as backward.

APPLICATION ERRORS IN POLICE PROCEDURES

In addition to the margin of error in the application of basic deployment techniques,

displacement and security measures, there are details that if not taken into account
the time to proceed can complicate the situation and be detrimental to the success of
procedure or the integrity of police cash. The most common errors are:

Lack of knowledge.
Getting into the wrong position when interviewing a citizen or
in an armed confrontation.
Not properly securing the apprehended.
Do not carry out the search, frisking, or let it be deficient.
Lack of acting witness.

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To trust and omit safety measures.

False assumptions.
Take unnecessary risks.
Not having the necessary elements for effective police work.

ORGANIZATIONAL COACHING

CONCEPT AND PURPOSE

Coaching aims to reinforce the person or team receiving it.

of their skills and the correction of their shortcomings achieving greater productivity and a
optimal development in work objectives. Coaching should be applied when:

The progress and performance of an effective is poor or deficient.

The cash successfully fulfills a task or mission and must be
congratulated to positively reinforce the achievement.
The employee must strengthen some skill within their work.

The coaching process is performance-oriented and provides tools.

for the achievement of objectives. It consists of:

Reinforce the team's joint action in achieving its objective.

Use the four roles of coaching: Training, Problem solving,
adjust performance and maintain performance.
Development in cash management.
Manage rewards that build commitment and thus promote the
achievement of optimal results.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COACHING

Among the most important characteristics for successfully carrying out the
coaching task, we can observe:

Clarity in communication so that the objectives are interpreted as

correct way.
Support for the team's needs such as materials, advice or
references about a task.
Building trust through positive reinforcement of achievements
highlighting the successes of the staff and making them aware of the importance of such

achievement.
Perspective in understanding the point of view of team members.
Getting to know the staff through questions in order to better understand them.
of the needs in each case and adjust the coaching accordingly.

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CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN POLICE SPECIALTIES
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LEADERSHIP

DEFINITION

El liderazgo es conducir, dirigir y preceder. El líder actúa para ayudar a un grupo a

achieve their goals through the maximum application of their capabilities. Does not stop
behind a group to promote and strengthen, but takes its place in front of the group facilitating
his progress. Leadership is then understood as the ability to induce work.

TEAMWORK

A team can be defined as a group of people willing to undertake a task.

specific. To carry out this task, it is necessary for each one to have an assigned role
within the task to be developed, in addition to having their work capabilities and
problem solving; this means that, to move forward, each team member
must be predisposed to the success of the collective mission beyond personal success.

Regarding police tactics, from a tactical and strategic point of view

we will mention two basic types of leadership, namely:

HIERARCHICAL LEADERSHIP: It is one who, due to their hierarchy in relation to the rest of the personnel

is in charge of the police commission. (Not necessarily the one who is the most
he/she knows, but has the responsibility and decision-making.

TACTICAL LEADERSHIP: It is the one who, due to their strategic position, is at a point of
relevance depending on it the continuation or redesign of the police operation, without
hierarchical distinction.

INDIVIDUAL ROLES AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY

Roles are not exclusive and are defined in advance. Both effective can
fulfill both roles, but in each case it is necessary to be clear about the area of
responsibility. Namely:

POLICE ONE POLICE TWO

Leader Support
Verbal persuasion Fire cover (safety)
Incarceration and strategy Better location
Driver Companion

IN CASE OF MOBILE PHONES

TACTICAL LEADER: He is the first to arrive at the location, the one who starts the event.

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FIRST SUPPORT: It is the second to arrive.

SECOND SUPPORT: It is the third to arrive and so on.

EQUIPMENT HANDLING

To finally achieve the team's objective, the leader's management is important.

boss in charge, who will guide their subordinates based on their knowledge, skills and
influence over these in order to better manage the resources of which
make available and carry out the task optimally while minimizing shortcomings or
error margins that may arise, crucial factors within the framework of a
police procedure.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR POLICE FUNCTION

POLICE DOCTRINE

It is the set of knowledge systematically and methodologically organized that

collects the history and police culture through time, integrating principles, values and
rules about its constitutional and institutional role, the legal foundations of Law
Police are linked to the defense of human rights, the law, order, and security.
public, as well as its service vocation on which its organizational culture rests
and the promotion of social peace and love for the Homeland, represented by its symbols,
distinctive signs of command and authority, customs and traditions, which amalgamated constitute
a solid structure of Police Integration and Identity.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ACTION

In Law 13.482 - Law on the Unification of Police Organization Standards

from the Province of Buenos Aires - we encounter the 'Principles and procedures
"basic acting principles," which in its various articles refers to the rules
legal actions for officials of said force:

ARTICLE 9.- It marks the starting point for any procedure from the
legal orbit, revealing its three basic principles:

Legality: The cash will operate professionally respecting the limits and
legal foundations of your actions.
Reasonableness: It will prevent any form of abusive, arbitrary, or discriminatory action.
that involves physical or moral violence against individuals.
Graduality: It will prioritize preventive and deterrent actions over the use of
strength and always seeking to preserve the life and freedom of people.

ARTICLE 13.- It can be said that this article discusses in depth the
regulated by Article 9 of this Law, showing in more detail the purpose of

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our police how to protect the community and public order. Likewise, your
faculties with their respective limitations such as the use of force according to
resistance of the offender or the guidelines for the use of the regulatory firearm.

ARTICLE 15.- Hereby grants us the authority to legally limit freedom of

the people and explains to us in what cases:

By order issued by competent authority.

In compliance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code or the Code
Contraventional.
When it is necessary to know the identity of a person under reasonable circumstances,
refuses to identify themselves or does not have a means to verify it.

These articles are the foundation of our actions, being closely

relationship with other articles of the law and other codes of conduct and legality, form
together the operating protocols and our area of application.

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