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Understanding Phase Diagrams in Alloys

This document is a tutorial on phase diagrams, focusing on concepts such as solubility limits, phases, phase equilibria, and metastable states. It includes questions related to binary eutectic systems and calculations for phase compositions and amounts in a lead-tin alloy. The tutorial serves as a review for understanding the characteristics and behaviors of different phases in materials science.

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林逸崢
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7 views11 pages

Understanding Phase Diagrams in Alloys

This document is a tutorial on phase diagrams, focusing on concepts such as solubility limits, phases, phase equilibria, and metastable states. It includes questions related to binary eutectic systems and calculations for phase compositions and amounts in a lead-tin alloy. The tutorial serves as a review for understanding the characteristics and behaviors of different phases in materials science.

Uploaded by

林逸崢
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tutorial 9

MECH 2410
Chapter 8: Phase Diagram

28th Apr. 2025


Review
• Solubility limit
• Maximum concentration of solute atoms that may dissolve in the solvent to form a solid solution.
• Solubility limit of sugar in water depends on the temperature of water.

• Phase
• A phase may be defined as a homogeneous portion of a system that has uniform physical and chemical
characteristics.
• Most metallic alloys, ceramic, polymeric, and composite systems are heterogeneous.

• Phase Equilibria
• Equilibrium of free energy.
• Change of temperature, pressure, composition for a system in equilibrium
results in an increase in the free energy and in a possible spontaneous
change to another state by which the free energy is lowered.

• Metastable
• Between stable and unstable state.
• Nonequilibrium but metastable structure is more practical than equilibrium.
Review
• Phase present
• See where the point locates.

• Phase composition
• Concentrations of the components.(like the atoms composition)

• Phase amounts
• Single phase region – only one phase is presented (100%)
• Two phase region – lever rule (should find the tie-line)
Question 1
Lever rule derivation
Review
• Phase amounts
• For multiphase alloys, phase volume fractions are preferred.
Review
• Binary eutectic systems
• E is the eutectic point.

• To read the phase diagram.


Question 2
• For a 40 wt% Sn–60 wt% Pb alloy at 150°C (300°F), (a) what phase(s) is (are) present?
• (b) What is (are) the composition(s) of the phase(s)?
Question 3
For the lead–tin alloy in Example Problem 9.2, calculate the relative amount of each phase
present in terms of (a) mass fraction and (b) volume fraction. At 150°C, take the densities of
Pb and Sn to be 11.35 and 7.29 g/cm3, respectively.
Question 3
Question 3
Tutorial 9

Q&A
Chapter 8: Phase Diagram

Zheyu ZHOU: zzhoucm@[Link]

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