Mining and Copper Production Overview
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ScribdTranslationsMining and Copper Production Overview
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ScribdTranslationsTRANSACTION OF
MINERALS
METALLIC
FRIDAPAUCAR ALBARRACIN
Entrance exam
1. Definition of mining
2. What is a mineral deposit?
3. How should the development of mining be? Mention five reasons.
4. The mining production process is based on ..... Stages, describe them in three lines.
5. How many basic methods of copper extraction do you know?
6. What are the stages of the copper production process?
7. What are the most commercially traded metals in Peru?
Is there any environmental impact in the trade of minerals?
9. How does mineral marketing work?
10. Do you think this course is important for your professional training?
INTRODUCTION
Economic activity related to the exploitation or extraction of minerals that have been
accumulated in the ground and subsoil in the form of deposits.
Classification:
Basics: Copper, lead, zinc, tin
Ferrosos: Hierro, manganeso, molibdeno, cobalto, tungsteno, titanio, cromo
Precious: Gold, silver, platinum
Radioactive: Plutonium, uranium, radium among others
Peruvian mining has historically been based on the production of metallic minerals.
especially copper, gold, silver, zinc, and lead. However, in recent years there has been recorded
state and private projects of other resources.
What is a mineral deposit?
A mineral deposit is a natural concentration of minerals in the Earth's crust.
The concentration of a specific mineral is called "grade."
Totally sustainable activity
• Adequate development with technological and environmental advancements
social
• Impact of your analysis on mining development.
MINING
Location
• Resources.
• Mineral reserves
Economic possibilities
• Exploitation
• Putting into value
The development of mining must be competitive and safe, technological, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable.
Typical productive process
The mining production process is based on two initial stages:
[Link] extraction and
2. concentration of the metallic load.
Depending on the location of the mineral contained in the deposit and its access to it, there
It has two types of mining activity:
Underground mining and
Open-pit mining.
Underground exploitation method
ACTIVITIES
Exploration
Dimensions, position,
characteristics miner
logics, reservations and value of
deposit
Development Preparation
Laws, quantity, accesses, Forecast work sections in the vein
facilities that make possible to support its exploitation. It
the exploitation, distribution of preparing hoppers, chimneys of
energy. filling and ventilation.
Underground exploitation method
ACTIVITIES
Exploitation and Extraction
The drillings are carried out and
blasting of the mineral in the
interior of the mine, leaving
expedited the mineral for its
transfer abroad.
Transport and handling of minerals
After the blasting of the mineral, it is extracted.
outside, it accumulates and charges on the
available transportation. They can be: cars
miners, scoops.
OPEN-PIT MINING
Exploitation is of large volume and is applied in massive deposits of great size, close to the surface. It is for
disseminated mineral deposits, and it is based on the extraction of all the material where the mineral is located.
Exploration and development Transport or
Find new reserves transport
and maintain the useful life of
the mine
Drilling and blasting Loading
OPEN PIT MINING
Processing plant
The mineral extracted from the mine cannot be marketed because it is a mixture with low metal content, it is necessary
subject it to a treatment to increase its metal content and prepare it for the casting and refining process.
a) Concentration: Enrichment process for some minerals such as copper, lead, or zinc sulfides with contents of
gold and silver, the worthless material is discarded.
The processes that make up concentration are:
. Reception of materials, crushing, grinding, flotation, and drying of concentrates.
. Depending on the type of mineral processed, copper, lead, zinc concentrates, and others such as the concentrates are obtained.
bulk, which contain two metals (lead/copper, lead/zinc, or zinc/copper). Silver/gold concentrates are also obtained when
The characteristics of the mineral allow it. The processes usually involved in concentration are as follows:
Reception of Minerals: The ore from the mine is received in a yard or area, prepared for classification.
prior to crushing; the ore blocks that are too large are reduced to the dimensions needed
the primary crusher. In this process, drills, loaders, and other necessary equipment are used with their respective
Operators. Crushing: The classified mineral is taken to the primary crusher where the size of the mineral is reduced.
COPPER: Basic metallic mineral
Types of deposits, depending on the geological processes that gave rise to their concentration:
Oxidized Minerals
They originate from the decomposition and oxidation of sulfide minerals. They were the first
types of coppers to be exploited by humans. Oxidized copper is found in the
siguientes minerales: Malaquita, Azurita, Crisocola, Cuprita, Brochantita.
Sulfurized Minerals
Mixtures of copper and iron sulfides, combined with compounds of different metals such as
zinc, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tellurium, silver, and gold, with the most important being: Chalcopyrite.
["Covellite","Bornite","Enargite","Tetrahedrite","Chalcocite"]
There are also porphyry-type copper deposits, which are very abundant in the Los Andes mountain range.
Andes. They originate from the ascent of molten rocks when the oceanic plate is introduced beneath.
from the continental. They are also of a sulfuric nature, but their grade is lower.
Copper extraction
The most commonly used processes to separate copper are flotation and leaching. If it is about
primary sulfides use "flotation", and if it involves oxides and secondary sulfides, the
leaching
The basis of the flotation system is water, and in leaching, sulfuric acid. Also
There are other technologies like bacterial leaching. All of them aim to make
make the process cleaner and reduce production costs, major concerns of the industry
copper
The stages of the copper production process from oxides are: crushing,
leaching and electrowinning. In the case of sulfide minerals, they are: extraction,
crushing, flotation (concentration), smelting, refining and molding, and electrorefining.