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Protein Classification by Type and Solubility

The document classifies proteins into three main categories: Simple Proteins, Conjugated Proteins, and Derived Proteins, detailing their definitions, types, and examples. Simple Proteins are composed solely of amino acids, while Conjugated Proteins include a non-protein component, and Derived Proteins result from the breakdown of the other two categories. Each type serves distinct biological functions, such as structural support, immunity, and genetic roles.

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Khair Ladla
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22 views2 pages

Protein Classification by Type and Solubility

The document classifies proteins into three main categories: Simple Proteins, Conjugated Proteins, and Derived Proteins, detailing their definitions, types, and examples. Simple Proteins are composed solely of amino acids, while Conjugated Proteins include a non-protein component, and Derived Proteins result from the breakdown of the other two categories. Each type serves distinct biological functions, such as structural support, immunity, and genetic roles.

Uploaded by

Khair Ladla
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classification of Proteins Based on Chemical Nature and Solubility

I. Simple Proteins
Definition: Proteins made up only of amino acids. They yield only amino acids on
hydrolysis. Subdivided into 7 types:

1. Albumins (Globular Protein)


Soluble in water and dilute salt solutions. Coagulate when heated. Small, compact, and
globular. Functions in maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting hormones.
Example: Egg albumin, Serum albumin, Lactoalbumin.

2. Globulins (Globular Protein)


Insoluble in pure water; soluble in dilute salt solutions. Coagulate with heat. Larger than
albumins. Function in immunity and enzymatic action. Example: Immunoglobulins,
Serum globulin, Myosin.

3. Glutelins (Globular Protein)


Insoluble in water and neutral solvents; soluble in dilute acids/alkalis. Found in cereals
as storage proteins. Example: Glutenin, Oryzenin.

4. Prolamines (Globular Protein)


Soluble in 70–80% alcohol. Rich in proline and glutamine. Found in cereal seeds.
Example: Gliadin, Zein, Hordein, Secalin.

5. Scleroproteins (Fibrous/Sclero Protein)


Insoluble in all solvents. Provide structural support. Long, fibrous structure. Example:
Collagen, Keratin, Elastin.

6. Histones (Globular Protein)


Soluble in water; strongly basic due to lysine/arginine. Bind DNA in chromatin. Found in
nuclei. Example: Histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4.

7. Protamines (Globular Protein)


Very soluble in water; strongly basic. Do not coagulate with heat. Stabilize DNA in sperm
cells. Example: Salmine, Sturine.

II. Conjugated Proteins


Definition: Proteins that contain a simple protein part and a non-protein prosthetic group.
On hydrolysis, they yield both parts.

1. Glycoproteins
Prosthetic group: Carbohydrate. Function: Cell recognition and lubrication. Example:
Mucin, Immunoglobulins, Hormones.
2. Lipoproteins
Prosthetic group: Lipid. Function: Transport lipids. Example: HDL, LDL, Chylomicrons.

3. Phosphoproteins
Prosthetic group: Phosphate group. Function: Nutritional. Example: Casein, Ovalbumin.

4. Chromoproteins
Prosthetic group: Colored group (heme). Function: Redox reactions and transport.
Example: Hemoglobin, Cytochromes.

5. Nucleoproteins
Prosthetic group: Nucleic acid. Function: Genetic function. Example: Ribosomes,
Chromosomes.

6. Metalloproteins
Prosthetic group: Metal ions. Function: Storage and catalysis. Example: Ferritin,
Carbonic anhydrase, Ceruloplasmin.

III. Derived Proteins


Definition: Formed by breakdown of simple or conjugated proteins.

A. Primary Derived Proteins


Formed by mild treatment like heating or acid. Example: Proteans, Metaproteins.

B. Secondary Derived Proteins


Formed by further hydrolysis into peptides. Example: Peptones, Polypeptides,
Dipeptides.

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