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4
Physics
Electric Circuits
IGCSE 10
SECTION-A
1 The circuit shown includes two meters X and Y, connected correctly.
Which row gives the unit of the quantity measured by X and the unit of the quantity
measured by Y?
meter X meter Y
A ampere ampere
B ampere volt
C volt ampere
D volt volt
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2 The circuit shown contains three ammeters X, Y and Z.
A
X Z
A
10
A
20 Y
Which ammeter has the largest reading?
A X
B Y
C Z
D They all have the same reading.
3 The diagram shows part of a circuit used to switch street lamps on and off
automatically.
LDR
In the evening it gets dark.
Which row shows the effect on the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and on the
potential difference (p.d.) across it?
resistance of LDR p.d. across LDR
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
4 Two meters are connected in a circuit to measure the current in a component and
the potential difference across the component.
Which meters are used and how are they connected to the component?
A an ammeter in parallel for current, a voltmeter in series for potential difference
B an ammeter in series for current, a voltmeter in parallel for potential difference
C a voltmeter in parallel for current, an ammeter in series for potential difference
D a voltmeter in series for current, an ammeter in parallel for potential difference
5 P and Q are the circuit symbols for two electrical components.
P Q
Which components are represented by P and by Q?
P Q
A thermistor fuse
B thermistor relay
C variable resistor fuse
D variable resistor relay
6 The diagram shows two resistors connected in a circuit.
12
What could be the combined resistance of this arrangement of resistors?
A 4.0 Ω B 6.0 Ω C 9.0 Ω D 18 Ω
7 Why are lamps in a house lighting circuit connected in parallel rather than in series?
A If one lamp stops working, the remaining lamps become brighter.
B Less current is taken from the power supply.
C The lamps can be turned off independently using switches.
D When more lamps are added, their brightness decreases.
8 The diagram s ho w s a 9V cell connected to two 6.0 Ω resistors. Three
currents,I1, I2 and I3, are labelled.
I1
6.0 I2
6.0 I3
Which row correctly compares I2 and I3 with I1?
I2 I3
A same as I1 same as I1
B same as I1 smaller than I1
C smaller than I1 same as I1
D smaller than I1 smaller than I1
9 Which produces an electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A a battery
B a filament lamp
C a resistor
D a spring balance
Section B
1 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows 3 lamps and a fuse connected to a power supply.
220 V
Fig. 8.1
The e.m.f. of the supply is 220 V. Each lamp is labelled 220 V, 40 W. The rating of the fuse is
2.0 A.
Calculate
(i) the current in each lamp,
current =...................................................................[2]
(ii) the current in the fuse,
current =...................................................................[1]
(iii) the total number of lamps, all in parallel, that could be connected without
blowing the fuse.
number =...................................................................[2]
(b) After a very long period of use, the wire filament of one of the lamps becomes
thinner.
(i) Underline the effect of this change on the resistance of the filament.
resistance increases resistance remains the same resistance decreases [1]
(ii) State and explain the effect of this change on the power of the lamp.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
2 The circuit of Fig. 7.1 includes an immersion heater and a 6.0 V battery.
6.0 V
X
A
heater
Fig. 7.1
(a) State the name and purpose of component X.
name
purpose
[1]
(b) The heater is designed to work from a 3.6 V supply. It has a power rating of
4.5 W at this voltage.
By considering the current in the heater, calculate the resistance of component X when there
is the correct potential difference across the heater.
resistance = [5]
(c) Some time after the heater is switched on, the ammeter reading is seen to have
decreased.
Suggest why this happens.
[2]
[Total: 8]
3 In Fig. 9.1, a 12 V battery supplies a current I to a circuit. The circuit contains a
thermistor and a 1000 resistor in parallel, with a 500 resistor in series.
12 V
500
1000
Fig. 9.1
(a) At a certain temperature, the thermistor has a resistance of 1000 .
Calculate
(i) the combined resistance of the thermistor and the 1000 resistor,
resistance =........................................................[2]
(ii) the current I,
current =........................................................[1]
(iii) the potential difference across the 500 resistor.
potential difference =........................................................[2]
(b) The temperature of the thermistor is increased so that its resistance decreases.
State the effect of this change in resistance on the current through the 500 resistor. Explain
your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
4 (a) A student determines the resistance of a length of aluminium wire.
She connects the wire in series with a battery and a variable resistor. The circuit is
shown in Fig. 8.1.
aluminium wire
Fig. 8.1
She knows that an ammeter and a voltmeter are needed in the circuit.
(i) On Fig. 8.1, draw the circuit symbol for an ammeter connected in a suitable
position. [1]
(ii) A variable resistor is included so that the current in the circuit may be changed.
Suggest an advantage of being able to change the current.
......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Electricity is transmitted from a power station to a distant city using an aluminium
cable of resistance 1.2 . Power loss occurs because of the resistance of the cable.
The current in the cable is 250 A.
(i) Calculate the power loss in the cable.
power loss =………………………………..[3]
(ii) The aluminium cable is replaced with a new aluminium cable of the same length.
The current remains at 250 A. The diameter of the new cable is double the
diameter of the original cable.
State and explain how the power loss is affected by this change.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 8]