HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK
CONTROL
ARNOLD CHISANGA KALASA
BSC PUBLIC HEALTH
[Link] MEDICINE
CERT. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE
To identify types of Hazard in work area
To make Risk Assessments
To suggest Risk Controls to Organization
To implementing Risk Controls
To review Risk Controls
Key Elements
Policy
Organizing
Planning And Implementation
Measuring Performance
Action for Improvement
Why We Need OSH-MS
Organization to be No. 1
Increase “Return of Investment”
- employees, money , time…..
Safe work place
How To Start
Organization should have vision
Commitment from management
- right people
- resource
- time
Should have internal audit
Management committee to review reports
External audit
Specific organization policy- hazard specific
Employee’s participation - meeting, training
Safety as basic training
Why conduct a risk assessment
Human factors–save life, stop workplace injures,
illnesses and increase staff morale.
Legal factors–meet legislative requirements, OHS and
Work Cover.
Financial factors–decrease the risk of prosecution and
fines incurred, lower Work Cover levies, reduce
absenteeism, increase potential for gaining
shareholders and increase productivity.
Hazard Management Process
Identify the hazards
Assess the risks
Evaluate risks
Control the risks
Monitor and review
Introduction to HIRARC
Principles used in workplace to manage safety and health.
Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994:
which reads “ the provision and maintenance of plants and systems of
work that are, so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health
Definitions
Hazard
A source or a situation with a potential for harm to humans, property and
damage of environment or a combination of these.
Danger
Relative exposure to hazard.
Risk
A combination of likelihood of occurrence and severity of injury or
damage
Overview Of HIRARC
Definition of Hazards
Classification of Hazards
Potential sources of Hazards
Basic components of Risk Management
The Process of Risk Management
Classify Activities
(Work, Product, Services)
Identify Hazard
Assess The Risk
Risk Control
Review Risk Control
Classification & Potential Sources of
Hazards
Classification Example of Hazards
Mechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload.
Electrical - Insulation damaged or cover broken
Biological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne
microorganism.
Chemical - Expose to carcinogens chemical
Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural postures
Psychological - Stress or violent at workplace
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Adequate Access
Refers to adequate access to, from and within the workplace
Air Conditioning
Refers to uncontaminated air in the work space
Confined Spaces
Means enclosed work space where people do not normally
work (defined in standards)
Temperature Extremes:
a) Heat This includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, fire (Not explosions)
b) Cold This includes contact with cold objects and hypothermia
Lighting
Refers to adequate illumination for the particular work being done
Mental Stress
Includes bullying, workplace violence, shift work, excessive work loads
Dehydration
Adequate water supply for the individuals while working
ENERGY
Electrical
Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high voltage
Gravity
Includes falls, trips and slips of persons as well as objects falling, working at heights
Kinetic Energy:
a) The body hitting objects Hitting objects with part of the body
b) Hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects but excluding falling objects
c) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazard
d) Penetrating objects This includes all objects that can penetrate including needles
Vibration
Includes vibration to parts or to the whole body
Acoustic/Noise
Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term exposure
Pressure
Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
BIOLOGICAL
Biological /Microbiological
Includes bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic or human/animal tissue/fluids
blood products
MECHANICAL
Vehicles
Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles
(includes fork lifts)
Mobile and Fixed Plant
Being caught between, struck by or against plant
(defined in legislation)
Powered Equipment
Includes electrical or fuel powered equipment, tools
and appliances
Non-Powered Equipment
Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances and
equipment
CHEMICAL
Flammable
Refers to chemicals which burn
Corrosive
Refers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metals
Toxic
Refers to chemicals which will poison a worker
Oxidizers
Refers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a fire, or react
readily
Compressed Gases
Refers to gases which under high pressure
Hazard Identification
To keep workplace safe and healthy.
-employers should make sure there are no hazards to which employees
could be exposed.
Employers should look for hazards in advance
as part of their risk management plan to prevent potential hazards.
Actions & Recommendations
All related statements should be made
With no cost restrains
Should be reviewed every 4 months
Need management support
Risk Assessment
Is the process of evaluating the risk to safety & health from hazards at work
Types
- Qualitative
- Semi-quantitative
- Quantitative
How To Assess Risk
1) Look for the Hazards
2) Decide who might be harmed & how
3) Evaluate the risk and check what is done to prevent it from happening
4) Record finding
5) Review assessment and revise it if necessary
Types of Risk Assessment
Qualitative - (Use Risk Matrix)
-table scales for likelihood and severity
• Fatality
• Major injuries
• Minor injuries
• First aid or near misses
Based on statistics
Likelihood
Very likely
Likely
Unlikely
Highly Unlikely
Qualitative Risk Table
Severity Likelihood
V/Likely Likely Unlikely H/Unlikely
Fatality High High High Medium
Major Injuries High High Medium Medium
Minor Injuries High Medium Medium Low
First Aid/ Medium Medium Low Low
N/misses
Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
Severity Categories
1. First Aid
2. Less than 4 days M/C
3. More than 4 days M/C
4. Fatality & Permanent Disability
Likelihood Occurrence
1. Yearly
2. Monthly
3. Weekly
4. Daily
Semi-Quantitative Risk Table
Likelihood
S
Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily
E
V 1 2 3 4
E First aid 1 1 2 3 4
R < 4 Days MC 2 2 4 6 8
I > 4 Days MC 3 3 6 12
T
Fatality & 4 4 8 12 16
Y
Permanent
Disability
Quantitative Risk Assessment
In cases where hazards are numerous and complex
eg; Chemical process plant
Should have Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
- describe job in less than 10 steps
- List things that can go wrong
- eg; Changing a Car Wheel
Actions & Recommendations
EL - Eliminate e.g. stop work, cover hazard…
SL - Substitute e.g. use other route, other material..
IS - Isolation e.g. put up temporary barrier,…
EC - Engineering Control e.g. construct permanent wall,..
AC - Administration Control e.g. put up notice, job rotation,…
PPE - Personal Protection Equipment e.g. gloves, respirator,……
THANK YOU