Commonly Asked Questions & Answers

Subject: Economics Grade 10

Development

1. Study the given table and answer the question that follows:
CRUDE OIL RESERVES
Region/Country Reserves (2017) Number of Years Reserves
(Thousand Million Barrels) will last.
Middle East 808 70
United States of America 50 10.5
World Average 1697 50.5
Read the following possible outcomes from the table and choose the correct option
I. If crude oil continues to be extracted at the present pace, it would be exhausted in about 50 years.
II. In Middle Eastern countries it may take longer than average of the world.
III. To ensure the availability of crude oil in future, its reuse and recycle policy should be adopted.
IV. In United States of America, the crude oil is likely to run out in just about 10 years.
Option:
A. Only I, III and IV are correct
B. Only I, II and III are correct
C. Only II, III and IV are correct
D. Only I, II and IV are correct

2. Which one of the following countries have high Human Development Index score?
A. Pakistan
B. Myanmar
C. India
D. Nepal

3. The per capita income is the criterion for development for which one of the following?
A. United Nations Development Programme
B. World Health Organization
C. World Trade Organization
D. World Bank

4. The World Bank’s development report is prepared based on which of the following?
A. Per Capita Income
B. Health Services
C. Literacy
D. Freedom
5. Read the table given below carefully and answer the question that follows:
Data of few Countries
Country Gross National Life expectancy Mean Years of HDI Rank in
Income (GNI) at birth Schooling of the world
Per capita people aged 25 (2021-22)
(2017 PPP) and above
in US $
A 12,578 76.4 10.8 73
B 6,590 67.2 6.7 132
C 3,851 65.7 6.4 149
D 4,624 66.1 4.5 161
E 3,877 68.4 5.1 143
F 5,472 72.4 7.4 129
Which of the following countries has high per capita income, life expectancy at birth, and high rank
in Human Development Index?
A. A
B. C
C. E
D. F

6. By which organization is the Human Development Report published?

A. World Trade Organization
B. Amnesty International
C. United Nations Development Programme
D. World Trade Organization

7. Read the following development goals and choose correct option of goals related to a student
studying in university.
I. Good opportunities for research
II. Opportunities to pursue higher education abroad
III. Opportunities for independence
IV. Opportunities for good employment
A. Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
B. Only (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
C. Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
D. Only (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

8. Data related to an imaginary country is given below. Study these data and answer the questions that
follow.
Age Total Population Net Attendance
7 and 8 years of age 1200 1000
14 and 15 years of age 1000 800
Total 2200 1800
The attendance percentage of this country of the age group of 14 and 15 years is _______________.
A. 90 percent
B. 80 percent
C. 70 percent
D. 60 percent

9. Study the following table related to World Human Development Index and answer the questions
given below.
 S. No. Country HDI Rank in the world
1. India 130
2. Myanmar 148
3. Nepal 149
4. Pakistan 150
Among the given countries, which one of the following countries has the highest rank in Human Development
Index?
A. Pakistan
B. India
C. Nepal
D. Myanmar

10. How has the overuse of underground water created a serious crisis in many parts of India? Explain
with examples the context of sustainable development.

Ans. Ground water is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in
the case of crops and plants. Ground water in India is under serious threat of overuse in my parts of the
country. There is a decline of ground water in agricultural prosperous regions of Punjab and Western Uttar
Pradesh and also in rapidly growing areas of urban settlements.
To tackle the problem of overuse, we need to approach the usage of resources in a much more planned
way. Here comes the concept of sustainable development. Use of resources in a way which does not create
pollution and use of today should not compromise the need of the future generation.

11. How is income an important factor in assessing the development of a country? Mention the
classification done by the World Bank.
OR
Why is income considered most important for comparing countries? Explain.

Ans. To measure the development of a country, its income is considered as the most important attribute.
Countries with higher incomes are more developed than countries with less income. It is based on the
understanding that more income means more of all things human beings need. Whatever people like and
should have, they will be able to get it with more income. Income of the country is the income of all the
residents of the country. This gives the total income of the country.
The main criterion followed by the World Bank to compare countries is the Per Capita Income also known
as the Average income. Average income or per capita income gives some idea about the standard of living
of the people.

12. ‘Development goal of different categories of people differ’. Evaluate the statement.
Ans. Development goals are the aspirations or desires that people seek to achieve for a better life. These
goals can differ from person to person depending on their situation, needs, and background.
For example, a rich farmer may want better irrigation facilities and high crop prices, while a landless
laborer may want more days of work and higher wages.
Sometimes, the development goals of one person may conflict with another. For example, an industrialist
may want to build a factory for profit, but the local people may lose their land and homes due to that
project.
Some goals, like equality, freedom, security, and respect of others, are common to all people.
Hence, the development goals of different categories of people differ because people have different needs,
living conditions, and aspirations. What may be development for one may not be development for another,
it can be destructive also.

13. How can development for one be destructive for another? Explain.
 Ans. People have different development goals. They seek what is more important for them and fulfill their
aspirations and desires. Example: Establishment of dams leads to the infrastructural development of a
country and leads to generation of electricity. But at the same time, it may lead to a large-scale
displacement of the people, loss of livelihood, shelter etc. of the people living close to the construction
site of the dam. Hence construction of dams may be development for some and destructive for others.

14. Examine the importance of public facilities for development?

 Public facilities are those which are provided by the government to ensure the welfare and
development of all people.
 Public facilities like clean drinking water, sanitation, healthcare, and education, help to meet the
basic needs of people and improve their living standards.
 These facilities ensure that even the poor and disadvantaged sections of society can access essential
services that they otherwise cannot afford.
 Facilities like public hospitals, sanitation, and clean environment help maintain good health, which
in turn increases people’s ability to work and earn.
 Public transport, electricity, and infrastructure help industries grow and improve trade and
employment opportunities.
 Public facilities promote a sense of security, equality, and social justice, which are important for
sustainable development.

15. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report and what criteria does it use to
compare countries? Examine.
Ans. Human Development Report is published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The
UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita
income.

16. Analyze the social and economic goals of development.

Ans. Economic goals of development are related to income and production. People desire regular work,
better wages, decent prices for their crops and other products they produce. They help people live better
lives by improving their material conditions. People want more income to fulfil their needs and enjoy a
better standard of living.
Social development goals focus on improving the overall well-being and dignity of people in society.
People seek equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others. They resent discrimination. The
quality of our lives not only depends upon the fulfillment of our economic goals but also of our social
goals.

17. Why is the question of sustainability of development becoming challenging in the present times?
Analyze the appropriate reasons.
Ans. The question of sustainability of development has become very important and challenging today
because the way we are using natural resources is harming the environment and reducing resources for
future generations.
 Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the excessive use of natural resources like
coal, petroleum, forests, and water. These resources are limited and may soon get exhausted.
 Industrial waste, pollution, deforestation, and overuse of fertilizers are causing air, water, and soil
pollution. This harms human health and the balance of nature.
 Continuous use of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gases, leading to rising temperatures, melting
glaciers, and unpredictable weather patterns.
 Forest destruction and pollution have led to the extinction of many plants and animal species,
disturbing ecological balance.
 The growing dependence on non-renewable energy sources have increased pressure on the Earth’s
resources.