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Java Basics: OOP, Variables, and Control

The document provides an overview of Java basics, focusing on Object-Oriented Programming principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It includes examples of simple Java programs, control statements, data types, variables, type conversion, arrays, and strings. Additionally, it highlights the importance of Java class libraries and the strongly typed nature of the language.

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chandan Ashtagimath
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9 views3 pages

Java Basics: OOP, Variables, and Control

The document provides an overview of Java basics, focusing on Object-Oriented Programming principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It includes examples of simple Java programs, control statements, data types, variables, type conversion, arrays, and strings. Additionally, it highlights the importance of Java class libraries and the strongly typed nature of the language.

Uploaded by

chandan Ashtagimath
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Java Basics - Unit 1 Notes

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

Java uses objects and classes. Key principles:

- Encapsulation: Wrap data and methods together

- Inheritance: Child class gets properties from parent

- Polymorphism: One function behaves differently in different classes

- Abstraction: Hiding complexity

2. A First Simple Program:

class Hello {

public static void main(String[] args) {

[Link]("Hello, Java!");

3. A Second Short Program:

class Add {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a = 5, b = 10;

int sum = a + b;

[Link]("Sum = " + sum);

4. Two Control Statements:

- if-else: decision making

- for loop: repeating tasks

5. Using Blocks of Code:

Code inside { } is a block. It groups statements.

6. Lexical Issues:

Rules of Java code: keywords, identifiers, literals, comments, whitespaces.


7. Java Class Libraries:

Prebuilt useful classes. Examples:

- [Link] for input

- [Link] for file handling

8. Java is a Strongly Typed Language:

Must declare the data type of every variable.

9. Primitive Types:

- int, float, double, char, boolean, byte, short, long

10. Integers, Floating-Point Types, Characters, Booleans:

- Integer: int, long

- Floating-point: float, double

- Character: char

- Boolean: true/false

11. A Closer Look at Literals:

Fixed values in code: 10, 5.5f, 'A', true

12. Variables:

Named memory location. Example: int age = 20;

13. Type Conversion and Casting:

- Implicit: automatic (int to double)

- Explicit: manual (double to int)

14. Automatic Type Promotion in Expressions:

Small types get promoted. Example: byte + byte = int

15. Arrays:

Store multiple values.


- 1D: int[] arr = {10, 20};

- 2D: int[][] mat = { {1, 2}, {3, 4} };

16. A Few Words About Strings:

String is a group of characters. Example:

String name = "Java"; [Link]() gives 4

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