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C/C++ Variables, Data Types, Operators

The document provides an overview of variables, data types, and operators in C/C++. It explains the difference between compilers and interpreters, outlines various data types such as int, float, and string, and discusses variables, constants, and type conversion. Additionally, it covers different types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, and bitwise operators.

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3 views3 pages

C/C++ Variables, Data Types, Operators

The document provides an overview of variables, data types, and operators in C/C++. It explains the difference between compilers and interpreters, outlines various data types such as int, float, and string, and discusses variables, constants, and type conversion. Additionally, it covers different types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, and bitwise operators.

Uploaded by

mugishapop62
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Variables, Data Types, and Operators in

C/C++
1. Compilers and Interpreters
- A **compiler** translates the entire source code into machine code before execution.
Example: C, C++ use compilers.

- An **interpreter** translates and runs code line-by-line. Example: Python uses an


interpreter.

Example (C++ Compiler - g++):

$ g++ [Link] -o program

$ ./program

2. Data Types
- **int**: Used for integers (e.g., 1, -100, 45)

- **float**: Used for small decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14)

- **double**: Used for large decimal numbers (e.g., 123.456789)

- **char**: Used for single characters (e.g., 'A', 'z')

- **string**: Used for text (C++ string class)

- **bool**: Used for Boolean values (true or false)

Example:

int age = 25;

float pi = 3.14f;

double distance = 123456.789;

char grade = 'A';

string name = "Alice";


bool passed = true;

3. Variables and Constants


- **Variable**: A named space in memory to store data.

- **Constant**: A value that cannot be changed once assigned.

Example:

int x = 10; // variable

const float PI = 3.14159; // constant

4. Type Conversion
- **Implicit Conversion**: Automatically done by compiler.

- **Explicit Conversion** (Type Casting): Done manually by the programmer.

Example (Implicit):

int a = 10;

float b = a; // int is converted to float

Example (Explicit):

float x = 10.5;

int y = (int)x; // float is cast to int (value becomes 10)

5. Operators in C/C++
A. **Arithmetic Operators**: +, -, *, /, %

Example:

int sum = 10 + 5; // 15

B. **Relational Operators**: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=


Example:

if (a > b) { ... }

C. **Logical Operators**: && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT)

Example:

if (a > 0 && b > 0) { ... }

D. **Assignment Operators**: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

Example:

x += 5; // same as x = x + 5;

E. **Bitwise Operators**: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

Example:

int a = 5; // 0101

int b = 3; // 0011

int result = a & b; // result is 1 (0001)

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