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Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 70 PHYSICS
CBSE

Section ‘A’ Given that,

R =20 cm,
1. Correct option : (d) µ =1.5
Explanation : When coil A moves towards coil Put the values,
B with constant velocity, the rate of change R 20
f   40 cm
of magnetic flux due to coil B in coil A will be  1 1.5  1
constant that gives constant current in coil A
in same direction as in coil B by Lenz‟s law. 1 As f > 0, it means converging nature of the
lens.
Commonly Made Error So, lens act as a convex lens irrespective of the
 Confusion in the direction of current produced side on which the object lies. 1
in coil A. 4. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : Energy of the photon must be
equal to the binding energy of proton.
 Students should be familiarized with Lenz's So, energy of photon = 1 MeV= 106×1.6×10–19 J
law and have enough practice of questions
hc 6.63  1034  3  108 6.63  3
based on that.     10 26 13
E 1.6  1013 1.60
2. Correct option : (c) 19.89
  1013  12.4  1013  1.24  1012 m
Explanation : A dipole antenna radiates 1..60
the electromagnetic waves outwards. The  1.24  1012  109  1.24  103 nm ½
amplitude of electric field vector (E0) which 5. Correct option : (b)
transports significant energy from the source Explanation : Coulomb‟s law states that
falls inversely as the distance (r) from the the magnitude of the electrostatic force of
antenna. As we know that electromagnetic attraction or repulsion between two point
waves are radiated from dipole antenna and charges is directly proportional to the product
radiated energy, E  1 . 1 of the magnitudes of both the charges and
3. r inversely proportional to the square of the
Correct option : (c) distance between them. 1
Explanation : As we know the relation between 6. Correct option : (a)
f, µ, R1 and R2 is known as lens maker‟s Explanation : Given that, width of slit
formula : 104 Å=10,000 Å.
1  1 1  Wavelength of visible light varies from 4,000 Å
   1    to 8,000 Å. As the width of slit 10,000 Å is
f  R1 R 2  comparable to that of wavelength of visible
R1  , R2  R light, i.e., 8,000 Å. Hence the diffraction occurs
with maxima at the centre. So, at the centre,
R all colours appear, i.e., white colour appears at
f
  1
 the centre. 1
Solutions 175

7. Correct option : (c) 12. 0.5 mm or 5 × 10–4 m. 1

Explanation : The diffusion of charge 13. 90° 1
carriers across a junction takes place from 14. 8.85 × 10–12 C2/Nm2 1
the regions of higher concentration to lower 15. θ = 60° 1
concentration. In this case, the p-region
Explanation :
has greater concentration of holes than the Bv
n-region. Hence, in an unbiased p-n junction, Q = 3
holes diffuse from the p-region to the H
n-region. 1 B sin 
8. Correct option : (a) B cos  = 3 → tan θ = 3
Explanation : As we know that,
θ = 60°
I = Anevd
So, current 16. The resistance of a material can be found
I µ vd out by the slope of the curve V vs. I. Part BC
And, current (I) also depends on n, the of the curve shows the negative resistance
number of free electrons per unit volume as with the increase in voltage current
which increases on increasing temperature decreases. 1
which makes more collisions between [CBSE Marking Scheme 2013]
electrons further, in increasing of resistance or
decreasing in current. 1 Detailed Answer :
9. Correct option : (b) It is known that negative resistance is a
Explanation : As we know that, property of electrical circuits / devices where
α-particle : 2 units charge an increase in voltage across the device
β-particles : 1 unit charge terminals results in decrease in electric current
γ-particles : No charge through it. From the graph, it is observed that
region BC experiences negative resistance. 1
Due to this reason, energy levels of the atom
change for α and β but not for other. 17. Yes. 1
So the electronic energy level of the atom [CBSE Marking Scheme 2017]
changes in emission of α and β particle, but not
in y decay. 1 Detailed Answer :
10. Correct option : (a) EM waves carry energy and momentum
Explanation : A set of atoms in an excited state without having mass and can exert pressure
decays in general to any of the states with which is known as radiation pressure. These
lower energy. waves like other waves carry energy as they
   travel through empty space without which,
11. F = q( v B) it wouldn‟t be able to heat or generate photo
OR current in photo cells. 1
OR
Positive and large

Ans.

[Topper’s Answer 2017]

18. (i) Diffusion ½ 1

1. (i) Refractive index (n) = ½
(ii) Drift ½ sin C
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2016] where, C is the critical angle.
(ii) Yes. Since, the refractive index depends upon
19. In forward bias, current is mainly due to
major charge carriers while in reverse bias, the wavelength of light, the critical angle for
current is due to minor charge carriers. With a given pair of media is different for different
such fractional change in reverse current
resulting from photo effects, it can be easily wavelengths (colours) of light. ½
measured as in case forward bias current.
Hence, the photodiodes operate in reverse
bias. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2013]
176
23. Calculation of power dissipation in two
Section ‘B’ combinations
21. When a particle of mass m and charge q, moves V V
R  , R 
with a velocity v, in a uniform magnetic field P P
B, it experiences a force F where
 V2 P2 P1
P  
RS P1  P2
mv2
 Centripetal force, qvB 1 1 1
r  
Ps P1 P2
or
qB
1 1 1 P1  P2
  
 RP R1 R2 V
2r 2m
V
Hence, it is independent of the velocity or  PP   P1  P2
RP
the energy of the particle.
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2014] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Detailed Answer :
22. Reason for inability of E.M. theory 1
V2
Resolution through photon picture 1 Power dissipation is given by (P) =
R
The explanation based on E.M theory does
V 2
not agree with the experimental observations Resistance of two bulbs are R1 =
P1 and R2 =
(instantaneous nature, max K.E. of emitted V2
photoelectron is independent of intensity, ½
P2
existence of threshold frequency) on the (i) Total resistance of combination in series
photoelectric effect. 1  1 1 
V2  V2
[Note: Do not deduct any mark if the student RS = R1 + R2 = = V 2   
P P
does not mention the relevant experimental 1 2  P1 P2 
observation or mentions any one or any two \ Total power dissipated
of these observations.] 2

V2 V P1P2
The photon picture resolves this problem by Ps= s = 2  1 1  = P1  P2 ½
R V   
saying that light, in interaction with matter P P
 1 2 
behaves as if it is made of quanta or packets
(ii) 1 1 1
of energy, h This picture enables us to get For a parallel combination = 
a correct explanation of all the observed RP R1 R2
experimental features of photoelectric effect.
1 1 1 P1  P2
1 =  =
RP R1 R2 V2
[Note : Award the first mark if the student
just writes “As per E.M. theory the free V2
or RP =
electrons at the surface of the metal absorb (P  P )
the radiant energy continuously, this leads
V2
us to conclusions which do not match with \ Power dissipated (Pp) =
V / (P  P )
2
the experimental observations”]Also award
the second mark if the student just writes. = (P1 + P2) 1
“The photon picture give us the Einstein OR
photoelectric equation Emf of cell 1
Kmax ( eV0 )  h   Internal resistance 1
½
which provides a correct explanation of the ½
observed features of the photoelectric effect”.
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]
Solutions 177

According to the question,

r 2W ½ Image distance = 20 cm
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] As the image I of the object coincides with
O, the rays refracted first from the lens and
de-Broglie wavelength is given by then reflected by the plane mirror must be
h retracing their paths.
It is the condition only when rays refracted
by the convex lens fall normally on the mirror
i.e, the refracted rays form a beam parallel to
principal axis of the lens. Hence the object O
Hence, kinetic energy of a proton when must be at the focus of the convex lens.
accelerated through a potential eV
Putting these values in de-Broglie wavelength
formula to calculate wave length of proton
h

Now,
Mass of an a-particle = 4u
Charge of an a-particle = 2e
Hence, kinetic energy of an a-particle when 1
accelerated through a potential =2 eV [CBSE Marking Scheme 2014]
Putting these values in de-Broglie wavelength
formula to calculate wave length of a-particle 26. Statement of Bohr’s quantization condition
h h
 ½
Calculation of shortest wavelength 1
a 8u  2eV 16ueV
Identification of part of electromagnetic
p 8 spectrum ½
Hence, ratio of  Electron revolves around the nucleus only
 1
in those orbits for which the angular
momentum is some integral multiple of h/2
 1 (where h is Planck‟s constant). ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2017] (Also give full credit if a student write
nh
25. Given, fo = 1.25 cm, fe = 5 cm mathematically mvr  )
Magnification, m = 30, 2
1  1 1 
If we set these lens for minimum distance for R 
 n n 
distinct vision, then D = 25  ½
L D  For Brackett Series,
\ m =  1  
f f Shortest wavelength is for the transition of
o  e 
electrons from
m = 30
L = 6.25 cm 1 1  1  R
 R  
Hence, distance between two lenses is   4  16
= fo + 6.25 + fe
16 ½
cm  m
R
= 12.5 cm = 1458.5 nm on substitution of value of R
This is a required separation between the [Note : Don‟t deduct any mark for this part,
objective and the eyepiece. 1 when a student does not substitute the value
OR of R, to calculate the numerical value of 
Infrared region ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]
178
Detailed Answer :
Bohr's second postulate states that the electron (ii) hn = f0 + Kmax
revolves around the nucleus only in those \ For given f0 (work function of metal), ½
orbits for which the angular momentum is Kmax increases with n.
h \ The maximum kinetic energy of
the integral multiple of , where 'h' is the
2 emitted photoelectrons will be more for
Planck's constant (= 6.6 × 10–34 J) monochromatic light of frequency n1 (as n1 >
nh n2). ½
i.e., L= ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
2
Thus, the angular momentum of the orbiting
Detailed Answer :
electron is quantized.
(i) According to the quantum theory, number
For Bracket series,
of photons per unit area in unit time is the
1  1 1  intensity of radiation.

 = R n2  n2 ½
 1 2  Hence, I = nhn
For shortest wavelength n1 = ∞ to n2 = 4 where, n = number of photons
1 1 1  n = frequency of
 = R    16 
  monochromatic
 1  radiation
= R  16  Given I =I
  1 2

16 n 1 hn 1 = n 2hn2 ½
or 
1.0974  107 if, n1 > n2
then n1 < n2
= 14.58 × 10–7 m.
This belongs to the infra red region of Hence, number of photons having n2 frequency
of monochromatic radiation is more than the
spectrum. 1 number of photons having n1 frequency of
27. (i) Intensity of incident radiation I = nh, monochromatic radiation. ½
where, n is the number of photons incident (ii) Kinetic energy of the emitted photons is given
per unit time per unit area. For same
by KE = hn – f0. where, f0 is the work function
intensity of two monochromatic radiations
of photosensitive surface; which is same for
of frequency 1 and 2. ½
n1hn1 = n2hn2 both radiations, as it is characteristic of metal
As, n1 > n2 surface. ½
→ n2 > n1 So, maximum kinetic energy of emitted
Therefore, the number of electrons emitted photon is more for higher frequency of
for monochromatic radiation of frequency radiation. Hence kinetic energy of emitted
n2, will be more than that for radiation of photoelectrons are more with n1 frequency of
frequency n1. ½
monochromatic radiation. ½
Section ‘C’

28. (i)

(ii)

[Topper's Answer 2016]

Solutions
E1 1
3 ½
E2 L
A 2
B Vm   
G 
N1 1  
R
  
C N2 I m sin t   ½
 2 
K1 
Hence, current lags by
Working Principle : 2
The potential drop, V, across a length l of a (ii) Inductance of the inductor = 100 mH
uniform wire, is proportional to the length l of
the wire. ½
 ½
or, V  l (for a uniform wire)
Derivation : From the figure, connect points 1 
and 3 together with balance point at point N1 4
where AN1 = l1 Now connect points 2 and 3 10
together with balance point at point N2 where ½
AN2 = l2. ½ 2
We have,
So, E1 = kl1 ½ 1
and E2 = kl2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
E1 l1
½ OR
E2 l2 (i) Identification ½
Section ‘D’ (ii) Identifying the curves ½
Justification ½
35. (i) Showing that current lags voltage by an (iii) Variation of Impedance with frequency ½
 Graph
angle in an ideal inductor 3
2 (iv) Expression for current 2
(ii) Calculation of induction and average power Phase relation ½
dissipation. 2 The device X is a capacitor ½
(i)
Curve B  voltage
Curve C  current
E L ½ Curve A  power ½
Reason : The current leads the voltage in

phase, by , for a capacitor. ½
2
Induced emf, ½
dt  
(iii) Xc = or  X c   ½
Hence, Net voltage in the circuit   
½
dt
According to Kirchhoff's Rule
½
dt

dt ½

L
182

(iv) In interference pattern, the first maximum

(iv) V = V0sin wt

q = VC = CV0sin wt ½ falls at an angle of, where a is the
a
dq separation between two narrow slits,
I=  CV cos t ½
dt 0
while in diffraction pattern, at the same
angle first minimum occurs .(where „a‟ is
the width of single slit.)
Displacement produced by source „S1‟
Y1 = acos t
Displacement produced by the other source
„S2‟ ½
V = V0sin wt ½ Y2 = acos (t + )
 
I = I sin t  ½ Resultant displacement Y = Y1 + Y2
0  2  = a [cos t + cos (t + )]
 
Current leads the voltage, in phase, by

2
½  2a cos  2 cos t   2  ½

[Note : If the student identifies the device X

as an Inductor but writes correct answer to
Amplitude of resultant wave, A  2a cos  2 
Intensity, I µ 2
parts (iii) and (iv) (in terms of an inductor),   
the student be given full marks for (only) I  KA2  K4a2cos2
 
these two parts] 2 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2017] (b) Distance of first order minima from centre of
D
36. (a) Two characteristic features of distinction the central maxima = X D1  ½
a
2 Distance of third order maxima from centre
Derivation of the expression for the intensity 7D
1½ of the central maxima XB3 
2a
(b) Calculation of separation between the  Distance between first order minima and
first order minima and centre of the third order maxima XB3  XD1
central maxima 1½
7D D
(a)   ½
2a a
(Any two of the following) ½ +½ 5D

(i) Interference pattern has number of 2a
equally spaced bright and dark bands
while diffraction pattern has central 5  620 109  1.5

bright maximum which twice as wide as ½
2  3  103
the other maxima. = 775  10–6 m
(ii) lnterference is obtained by the = 7.75  10–4 m
superposing two waves originating from [CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]
two narrow slits. The diffraction pattern OR
is the superposition of the continuous (a) Two conditions of total internal reflection
family of waves originating from each 1+1
point on a single slit. Obtaining the relation 1
(iii) In interference pattern, the intensity (b) Calculating of the position of the final image
of all bright fringes are same, while in 2
diffraction pattern, intensity of bright (a) (i) Light travels from denser to rarer medium
fringes go on decreasing with the 1
increasing order of the maxima (ii) Angle of incidence is more than the critical
angle 1
Solutions 183

For the grazing incidence q

 dW  dq
 sin iC = sin 90 ½ C
1 ½
 Total work done in charging up the capacitor
sin iC Q q

(b) For convex lens of focal length 10 cm ½ W   dW   dq

0 C

1 1 1 Q2
  W 
f1 v1 u1
2C
1 1 1 Hence energy stored
  v  15 cm ½ 2
10 v 30 1
= W  Q  1 CV 2  1 QV ½
Object distance for concave lens u2 = 15 – 5 2C 2 2
= 10 cm (b) Charge stored on the capacitor Q = CV
1 1 1 When it is connected to the uncharged
 
f2 v2 u2 capacitor of same capacitance sharing
of charge takes place between the two
1 1 1
  capacitors till the potential of both the
10 v2 10 V
capacitors becomes ½
v2   2
½ Energy stored on the combination
For third lens v2 = u3 1 V 1 V CV 2
U   C( )2  C( )2  ½
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 4
 
f3 v3 u3 Energy stored on single capacitor before
connecting
1 1 1 1 ½
   v  30 cm U  CV 2
30 v3  3 1
2
Ratio of energy stored in the combination to
37. that in the single capacitor
U2 CV 2 / 4
C   1: 2
U1 CV 2 /2 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]
OR
V
(i) Finding the electrostatic potential 2
The electrons are transferred to the positive
(ii) Finding the work done 1
terminal of the battery from the metallic plate (iii) Effect of change of path 1
connected to the positive terminal, leaving (iv) Potential energy of the system 1
behind positive charge on it. Similarly, the (with justification in each case)
electrons move on to the second plate from (i) We have, for a point charge,
negative terminal, hence it gets negatively 1 .q
V= ½
charged. Process continues till the potential 40 r
difference between two plates equals the
(a) At point (0, 0, z) :
potential of the battery. 1½
Potential due to the charge (+q)
[Note : award this ½ mark, If the student 1 . q
writes, there will be no transfer of charge V+ = ½
40 (z  a)
between the plates]
Let „dW‟ be the work done by the battery in Potential due to the charge (–q)
1 . (q)
increasing the charge on the capacitor from q V– =
to (q + dq). 40 (z  a)
dW = V dq ½ Total Potential at (0, 0, z)
q 1  1 1 
Where V  ½ =    ½
C 40  z  a z  a 
 184

(ii) Work done = q[V1 – V2] ½

40 (z2  a2 )
(b) At point (x, y, 0)
Potential due to the charge + q Where V1 and V2 are the total potential due
to dipole at point (5, 0, 0) and (– 7, 0, 0) ½
V There would be no change
40 x2  y2  a2
This is because the electrostatic field is a
Potential due to the charge (– q) conservative field. 1
1 . q
V– (Alternatively : The work done, in moving
40 x2  y2  a2 a test charge between two given points is
Total potential at (x, y, 0) independent of the path taken) 1
  The two given charges make an electric
q  1 1  0  
 ½
 x2  y2  a2  dipole of dipole moment p  q.2a
 x  y2  a2
2

P.E. in position of unstable equilibrium
Note : Give full credit of part (b) if a student  
writes that the point (x, y, 0) is equidistant (where p and E are antiparallel to each
from charges +q and –q, Hence total potential other) ½
due to them at the given point will be zero. 2aqE ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
