GRAOUNA Design Office

The National School of Sciences

Applied in Al-Hoceima

Internship report
Sizing of a R+2 Building

Framed by:
Created by:
M. GRAOUNA
CHARAFI BRAHIM
ABDELAZIZ

Performed at: B.E.G.

DU 25/01/2017 AU 20/10/2017
GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to God for giving me the courage and the will to have
completed this work.

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to everyone.

the team of the TECHNICAL STUDIES OFFICE GRAOUNA
for their welcome and their collaboration throughout this period
the internship.

A big and special thank you to Mr. ABDELAZIZ

GRAOUNA, my supervisor and the director of B.E.G for the
generous sharing of his professional experience and his
skills, for the time she devoted to me throughout this
internship period, knowing how to answer all my questions, without
forgetting their participation in the development of this report.

I express my sincere gratitude to Mr.

Director of the National School of Applied Sciences of Al-
Hoceima, and to all the school administrators, and not forgetting my
teachers and my trainers for their support during this year
of training.

In the end, I thank all those who helped me from afar or

closely for the development of this work.

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

SUMMARY
Table of contents
THANKS.................................................................................................................................................... 1

SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................................................... 3

LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................................................................... 4

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................................. 4

CHAPTER 01: PRESENTATION ON LTHE STUDY OFFICES ........................................................................... 5

I. PRESENTATION GENERALE ON THE DESKD'ETUDES............................................................................ 5

CHAPTER 02: PRESENTSTATEMENT OF THE WORKAND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIALS.... 5

I. DESCRIPTION OF THEWORK5

II. CHARACTERISTICMECHANICS OF MATERIALS................................................................................ 6

ІІ. 1. BETON6
ІІ. 2.ACLOSE7
CHAPTER 04: MANUAL DIMENSIONING OF LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS............................................ 9

I. PREDIMENSIONING OF LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

[Link]-DIMENSIONING AND LOADS ON THE FLOORS............................................................................................. 9

[Link]-sizing of floors9
[Link] of loads and surcharges on floors............................................................................................. 9
[Link]-DIMENSIONING AND LOADS ON BEAMS............................................................................................... 11
[Link]-sizing of beamss .......................................................................................................................... 11
I.2.B. Load descent of beams................................................................................................................................... 14
[Link]-DIMENSIONING AND LOADS ON THE COLUMNS.............................................................................................. 15
I.3Load descent of the poles.................................................................................................................................... 15
[Link]-sizing of the columns.................................................................................................................................. 16
[Link]-DIMENSIONING OF FOOTINGS:............................................................................................................................. 19

II. DIMENSIONINGCARRYING ELEMENTSS ....................................................................................... 21

[Link] OF COLUMNSX ...................................................................................................................................... 21

II.1. ACalculation of longitudinal reinforcements21
II.1. [Link] of transverse reinforcements and spacings.............................................................................................. 24
[Link] OF THE BASESS .................................................................................................................................... 29
[Link] OF ISOSTATIC BEAMSS .............................................................................................................. 30
II.2. ACalculation of longitudinal reinforcement.................................................................................................................... 30
II.2. B- Calculation of transverse reinforcements and spacing........................................................................................ 33
ІІ.3. DDIMENSIONING OF ISOSTATIC BEAMS.............................................................................................................. 38
2-1-1 Method FLAT RATE ............................................................................................................................................... 38
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................................... 41
References42
Annex 01: Upper Floor Ceiling............................................................................................................................................. 43
Annex 02: Ground Floor44

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Annex 03: Foundation Plan..................................................................................................................................................... 45

Liste des figures

Figure 01: stress-strain diagram of concrete

Figure 02: stress-strain diagram of steel

Figure 03: Isostatic beam N12 20x30

Figure 04: Isostatic beam N16 20x40

Figure 05: Continuous beam N3–N4-C4

Figure 06: The surface involved in the calculation of the load descent of a column.

Figure 07: flowchart for calculating longitudinal reinforcements of a rectangular column

Figure 08: diagram of transverse reinforcements of a rectangular column

Figure 09: calculation flowchart for reinforcement of a beam under simple bending at Ultimate Limit State

List of Tables
Table: 01: Assessment of loads on staircase cage

Tableau: 02: Evaluation of loads on upper floor 2

Table: 03: Assessment of loads on upper floor 2 and ground floor high

Table 04: Results of the calculation of the loads of the ground floor columns

Table 05: results of pre-sizing of the ground floor columns

Table 06: results of pre-sizing of the footings

Table 07: Results of the calculation of longitudinal reinforcements of ground floor columns

Table 08: results of the calculation of the transverse reinforcements of the ground floor columns

Table 09: results of the footing sizing

Table 10: Results of calculating the longitudinal reinforcements of the beams High floor 2

Table 11: verification of constraints at the ELS of the isostatic beam N24(20x30)

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Chapter 01: Presentation on the design office

I. General presentation of the study office

The technical study office B.E.G is a limited liability company created by
M. GRAOUNA ABDELAZIZ, who is himself the manager.

It is an approved office for the implementation of technical studies in the field of construction.

Chapter 02: Presentation of the work and characteristics of the materials

I. Description of the work

The building consists of a ground floor and 2 upper floors with an accessible terrace.

• The geometric characteristics of the building

- Length in plan ………………………….9.99 m.

- Plan width ……………………………6.55 m.

- Height of the ground floor…………………………….4.20 m.

- Standard floor height………………….3.20 m.

- Total height ……………………………...13.10 m.

Coating and plaster

Floor tiling.

Cement mortar for exterior walls.

Plaster coating for the ceiling

Masonry

The masonry will be executed in hollow brick.

The exterior walls are made up of two rows:

Hollow brick with a thickness of 15 cm.

The air layer of 5 cm thick.

Hollow brick with a thickness of 10 cm.

• Soil characteristics

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

The foundation soil of the construction is a non-cohesive soil with medium compaction. According to the report
from the soil mechanics laboratory we have:

- The soil constraint isσ = 2 bars for an anchor D = 2.00 m.

- Specific weight of soil γ = 1.8 t / m3.

- The internal friction angle of the soil is φ = 36.4°.

- The cohesion C = 0.

II. Mechanical properties of materials

II. 1. Concrete
Composition of concrete

The ordinary composition for one cubic meter of concrete is:

- 350 kg/m3class CPJ45 cement.
0.4 m3sand with a diameter of 0/5.
0.8 m3gravel with a diameter of 15/25.
0.175 m3waste water.

Compressive strength

The concrete is dosed at 350Kg/m3 having a compressive strength of28 days: 28= 25

Characteristic tensile strength


According to BAEL91, the characteristic tensile strength of concrete at 28days.

= 0.6 + 0.06 for ≤ 40 .

On a 28 = 25 so 28 = 2.1

The limiting constraints of concrete compression

Referring to the BAEL91 regulation, two limit states are distinguished:

- Ultimate limit state 'E.L.U'

The ultimate compressive strength of concrete is given by:

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 GRAOUNA Study Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

=0.85 fc28
γb

With: is the safety factor such that: 1.5 in the case of common stocks.

Service limit state "S.L.S"

The limit service stress in compression of concrete is limited by the formula:


͞ = 0.6 28 So͞ = 15

For our project, cracking is of little consequence as the environment is non-aggressive:not too
of the soulsaid, of condensation, and low exposure to the weather, hence the limit constraint of
shear takes the
next value:
0.2fcj
≤ min ( ; 5) (en )  ≤ min (3.33 ;5) = 3.33 MPa
γb

II. 2. Steel
Mechanical properties of steel

The steel chosen for the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements is a high adhesion steel.
(HA) of the nuance FeE500(elastic
limit: fe= 500 .

The longitudinal elastic modulus of steel "Es" isprice equal to : E = 2.1 × 10⁵

The limit constraint of steel

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Constraints limited tothe ELU

fe
The ultimate limit stress of steel isgiven by the formula: = γs
With: is the safety factor such that = 1.15in everyday situation.

fe 500
On a == so 434.78 .
γs 1.15

Figure 2.2: Stress diagram-givefsteel formation.

- Limit constraints to the ELS

Thelimit constraints of the urban planningr are given inffunction of the limit state of opening of
fissures. Cracking is of little harm, so no verification regarding the limit stress.
service.

The solicitations are calculated inapplying combinations of aactions defined hereafter:

The ultimate limit state calculation combination:

= 1.35 G + 1.5 Q
The combinations of calculations atservice limit state:

=G+Q
With:
G: The permanent load.
Q: The burden ofexploitation.

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Chapter 04: Manual Sizing of Load-Bearing Elements

I. Pre-dimensioning of the load-bearing elements
I.1. Preliminary sizing and overloads on the floors
I.1.A - Preliminary sizing of floors
For our project, we used hollow core slabs (see figure 2.1) that are
composed of load-bearing elements (beams) and filling elements
(hourdis). All topped with a concrete compression slab.
According to BAEL 91 rules [1], the height of the floor must meet the following condition:

> .

With: Total height of the floor.

L: maximum clear span length of the large span in the direction of
beams.

Application:

In our case we have = 4.50

3.4
≥ ≥ 0.16
22.5

So we take = 17 cm, meaning a floor (12+5)

I.1.B - Evaluation of loads and surcharges on floors

Our project consists of a ground floor and 2 floors with an inaccessible terrace, so
We will evaluate the overload charges of the staircase, upper floor 2 and upper ground floor in the form of
of the table below:

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GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A BUILDING R+2

No. Elements Thickness weight Charges

volumetric (kN/m²)
(kN/m3)
Gravel of
1 0.05 20 1
protection
Sealing
3 0.02 6 0.12
multilayer
Béton en forme de
4 0.08 22 1.76
fifth
From the full 0.15 25 3.75
6Plaster coat 0.02 10 0.2
Permanent charges G 6.83

Operating expenses Q 1.00

Table: 01: Assessment of loads on the staircase shaft
No. Elements Thickness weight Charges
volumetric (kN/m²)
(kN/m³)

Gravel of
1 0.05 20 1
protection
Sealing
3 0.02 6 0.12
multilayer
Concrete in the shape of
4 0.08 22 1.76
five
5 hollow body // // 2,85

Plaster coating 0.02 10 0.2

Permanent charges G 5.93

Operating costs Q 1.50

Table: 02: Evaluation of loads on upper floor 2

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

No. Elements Thickness weight Charges

volumetric (kN/m²)
(kN/m3)
Coating in
1 0.02 22 0.44
tiles
2Setting mortar 0.02 20 0.4
Partitions of
3 separation 0.1 9 0.9
internal
4 layers of sand 0.02 19 0.38
5 hollow bodies 0.2 14 2.85
Plaster coating 0.02 10 0.2
Permanent charges G 5.17

Operating expenses Q 1.50

Table: 03: Evaluation of loads on upper floor 2 and ground floor

I.2. Pre-dimensioning and overloads on beams

I.2.A - Pre-sizing of beams
For the height of the static beams, it is generally adopted that:

Overloaded beams: L/10

The moderately loaded beams: L/12
Lightly loaded beams: L/15

For continuous beams, the height h of the beam must satisfy the condition
from the following arrow:

≤ ≤

the width of the beam must satisfy the following relationship:

. ≤ ≤ .

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

The verification by the RPS 2000:

The aspect ratio must be greater than or equal to 0.25
The width b of the beam must be: b≥200 mm

Height: total height of the beam and b: width of the beam.

the greatest span length between support axes.

Application:

Figure 03: Isostatic beam N12 20x30

Isostatic beams:

For our project, we have the isostatic beam N24.

The isostatic beam N24

This beam N24 is moderately loaded with a length = 3.2 , soℎ = = 12

26.66 cm.
So we haveℎ = 30 .

For the width, we have0.4h ≤ b ≤0.7 h=> 12<= b <= 21

We take b = 20 cm.

Verification
b = 20cm ≥20cm the condition is verified.
0.66 is greater than 0.25 t he condition is verified.
ℎ

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 GRAOUNA design office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

The isostatic beam N16

Figure 04: Isostatic beam N16 20x40

This N16 beam is overloaded with a length = 3.39 , soℎ = = 33.9 cm.
10
So we haveℎ = 40 .

For the width, we have0.4h ≤ b ≤0.7 h=> 16≤ b ≤28

We take b = 20 cm.

Verification
= 25cm ≥20cm the condition is verified.
= 0.50 > 0.25 t he condition is verified.
ℎ

Continuous beams:

We have the continuous beam N3-N4

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Figure 05: Continuous beam N3–N4-C4

The height h of the beam must satisfy the following condition:

4.05 4.05
Less than or equal to h less than≤orhequal
≤ to 0.253 ≤ h ≤ 0.337
16 12 16 12

We takeh = 40 cm.

For the width, we have 0.4 h ≤ b ≤ 0.7 h => 16 ≤ b ≤ 28

We take b = 20 cm.

Verification:
= 25c ≥ 20c the condition is verified.

= 0.50 > 0.25 the condition is verified.

ℎ

I.2.B. Load descent of the beams

We will try in this part to calculate the loads carried by each beam. These
beams can be divided into two categories:

Load-bearing beams:

In this case, we will use the following formulas:

 T
 he permanent charge:G( / ) = + ×
T
 he operating charge: Q( / )= ×
With:
The permanent unit load per square meter on the floor.
The unit operating charge per square meter on the floor.

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

The self-weight of the beam:Gpp(KN/m) = ( ) × ℎ( ) × 25 (KN/m³).

The length of the load.

Unloaded beams:

For an unloaded beam, 1 kN/m is assumed as the surcharge of the slabs which
can rest on this beam, so we use the following formulas:
The permanent load: G( / )= + 1( / )
The operating charge: Q( / ) = 1( / )
WithGppis the self-weight of the beam:Gpp(KN/m) = ( ) × ℎ( ) × 25 (KN/m³).
As for the total load, we will calculate it at the ultimate limit state as well as at the state
limit service based on the following relationships:
P (ELU) = 1.35 G + 1.5 Q
P (ELS) = G + Q

I.3. Pre-sizing and overloads on the columns

The preliminary sizing of the columns first requires the calculation of the loads.
permanents
G and exploitation Q on the pole.

I.3Load descent from the poles

The formulas for load descent on a pole are expressed as follows:

 T
 he permanent charge
G (KN) = GP×S + PP column + ΣPP beam ×
 T
 he operating charge

Q (KN) = QP × S
With:
GP: the permanent load on the upper floors.
the operating load on the upper floors.
L: span between the beam axis resting on the column.
PP column = cross-section of the column × height × density of the concrete(25 / 3)
PP beam = section of the beam × density of the concrete (25 / 3).
the area of the floor surface supported by the column.

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Figure 06: The surface involved in the calculation of the load descent of a column.

The B.A.E.L rules impose no conditions on ELS for the submitted documents.
centered compression like in the case of columns. Therefore, the sizing and the
the determination of reinforcements must be justified only in relation to the Ultimate Limit State (ULS):
Nu=1.35 G (KN) +1.5 Q (KN)

In buildings with integral spans, it is necessary to increase the loads.

-15% if the pole is more than once adjacent to a roadside pole.
-10% if the pole is once neighboring a shore pole.

Calculations of pole load results:

Table 04: Results of the calculation of the loads of the ground floor columns

I.1.B-pre-sizing of the columns

In order to pre-dimension a column, we must follow the following steps:

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

1. Calculate the load supported by the pole Nu.

2. Calculate the slenderness 

 in a :  
3
T
 he quadratic moment is defined by: I =
12
The buckling length is: = 0
With:
0the length of the pole.

K: 0.5 embedded-embedded
0.7 fixed–articulated
articulated–articulated

- We will have i =√

With B: the section of the Post

3

And so i= √
²
- 12
×
= √ 12

√ 12
    
0 0
- Finally, we will have
²
√
12

3. Calculate the buckling coefficient:

.
α=  35so 0.708
On a =
+ . ( )²
4. Calculate the reduced section of the concrete with ℎ = 0from the relationship that allows
to calculate the normal effort:

Brfc28 fe
Nu ≤ α [ + ℎ ]γ
0.9γb

We simplify the relation and obtain this one:

0.9 Nuγ
Br≥
α c28

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

On a 0.708andγ 1.5

We ultimately find the following relationship:

.
Br =

5. Calculation of the column dimensions.

The width is: a ≥ 2√3

λ
With:
The buckling length: (m) = 0.7 × 0
0The total height of the pole

The length b: ≥ + 0.02

a−0.02

Remarque :
 I f b < b = square post
The seismic construction regulation RPS2000 requires a minimum section of the
25×25 post

Application :

We chose to pre-dimension the column 01 ground floor:

√ 12 0
Onfthe thrust =
 with K=0.7
√ 120.7×4.2
 =
 = 40.73 we take
0.25
.
We calculate the buckling coefficient.α = so = 0.639
+ . ( )²
We calculate the reduced section of the concrete. with fc28 = 25
andNu = 181.45 KN
from the following relationship:
.
. × .
Br = = 0.015 m² = 150.00 cm²

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

We finally calculate the dimensions of the pole:

The width is: a ≥ 2√3

λ
With:
(m) = 0.7 × 0 so (m)=0.7×3.2=2.24m
and ≥ 0.226 m => a=25cm

The length b: ≥ + 0.02 then ≥8.70 cm

a−0.02
b< b = (square post) a=0.25 m and b=0.25 m

Results of pre-sizing calculations for the columns

Table 05: results of pre-sizing of the ground floor columns

I.4. Preliminary sizing of the footings:

The soles adopted for this project are insulated soles under posts.
The soles are calculated at the service limit state for their outer dimensions.

For the determination of the concrete section for a footing, the following steps are followed:
1) we consider equal overhanging soles:
For a centered or eccentric sole on both sides: =
B−b
For an off-center sole on one side: A-a=
2
With:

A: the smallest dimension of the sole.

B: the largest dimension of the sole.

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING A R+2 BUILDING

a: the width of the pole.

b: the length of the pole.

2) Calculation of the bearing surface of the sole: S=A×B≥ 

σ͞ sun
With:
the normal service effort applied on the sole from the pole (MN).
͞ the allowable soil constraint:͞ =0.2 MPa.
×
The width of the sole ≥ √
×
The length of the sole ≥ √

3) We deduce from the two previous formulas:

 T he width A and the length B of the sole (multiple of Five).
− −
 he useful height d of the sole: = max ( ; )
 T
4 4
 T
 he total height of the sole: = +5
4) Finally, we must verify the following condition:σsun< ͞ 
With:
+
σsun=
= A × B × H × density of concrete (25KN/m³).
͞ 0.2 MPa.

Application :

We chose to pre-size the centered footing 05 on both sides.

For a centered or eccentrically positioned sole on both sides: =
The normal service effort from pole 05
= G+Q = 300.52 KN

Calculation of the bearing surface of the base: S=A×B≥ 

σ͞ sol
S≥1.50m²
With: the constraint of the ground͞ =0.2 MPa.

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×
The width of the sole ≥ √ ≥ 0.97 m

×
The length of the sole ≥ √ so ≥1.55 m
We take A=1.00 m etB=1.60 m
− −
 he useful height = max ( ; therefore
 T d = 0.3 m
4 4
We take: d = 0.30 m
 T
 he total height: = +5 So Ht = 0.35 m
Finally, we need to verify the following condition:σsol< ͞ 
A × B × H × density of concrete (25KN/m³).
14 KN

+
σsun= =0.197MPa
σsun= 0.12044< ͞ = 0.2 MPa condition verified

Pre-sizing results of the foundations

Table 06: pre-sizing results of the footings

II. Sizing of load-bearing elements

II.1. Sizing of the columns
II.1. A- Calculation of longitudinal reinforcements

For the calculation of the section of longitudinal reinforcements, we follow the steps
following:

Choice of the dimensions of the poles (a, b)

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Calculation of the reduced section of concrete =(a-0.02) × (b-0.02)

Calculation of the slenderness λ: λ=2√3

And = 0
With:
0the length of the pole.

K : 0.5 fixed–fixed
0.7 embedded–articulated
1 articulated–articulated
Calculation of buckling coefficient α
0.85
If λ≤ 50so α=
1+0.2( )²
35
50
If 50 < λ ≤ 70 then α =0.6( )²
λ
Correction of depending on the application date of more than half of the
charges.
Yes applied before 90 j divided by 1.1
Yes applied before 28 j divided by 1,2 and replace By 28
We calculate the theoretical steel section. ℎ:

28
ℎ≥ [ − ]
0.9

With:
Ultimate normal stress in MPa.
BrSectionReduced concrete in m².
α : coeffefficient of thefnonsense.
′ 2
ℎ Section d steel in m .
fe: the yield strength fe=500 MPa.
The characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days.
28
The safety coefficients = 1.5 and = 1.15

We calculate the minimum steel section. :

≥ max(4 ; 0.2100)
With:

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GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

The circumference of the pole in m.

The cross-section of the post in cm².
4 cm² /m of perimeter.

We choose the final steel section. :

= max ( ; ℎ)

We calculate the maximum steel section ∶

5B
≤
100
Finally, we must verify that: ≤

Figure 07: flowchart for calculating longitudinal reinforcements of a rectangular column

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II.1. [Link] of transverse reinforcements and spacings

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 GRAOUNA Study Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Figure 08: organizational chart of the transverse reinforcements of a rectangular column

The length of the critical zone

According to the RPS2000, the length of the critical zone is defined by:
( ) = max (ℎ /6 ;b ; 45)
With:
b: the length of the pole.
ℎ the ceiling height.

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Spacing in the critical area :

The RPS2000 [2] requires that the spacing in the critical area be
defined by : (cm) = min (15; 8∅ 0.25 )
With:
b: the length of the pole.
∅ Minimum diameter of longitudinal reinforcements.
Spacing in the current area St
The spacing in the current area is defined by the following relationship:
( ) = min( 30 ; 12×∅ 0.5 )
With:
b: the length of the pole.
∅ Minimum diameter of longitudinal reinforcements.

Application :

We will determine the sections of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements of the column P1.
RDC as well as the spacing in the current and critical zone, the section adopted for this
the pole is (25×25).
The longitudinal reinforcements
L f
we calculate the slenderness λ=2√3
a
We have the length of post 01 0 = 4.2 L
therefore fequals 0.7 02.94
L
Where we find: λ=2√3 λ =f 40.73
a
we calculate the buckling coefficient :
We found that = 40.73 ≤ 50 so we calculate by the following relationship:
0.85
α= α
 =0.639
1+0.2( )²
35
Correction of depending on the date of application of more than half of the charges.
Applied before 90 I divided by 1.1
So we will have α = 0.580
We calculate the reduced sectionBr concrete:

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Br = ( - 2) ( - 2) 0.0529 ²
We calculate the theoretical steel section ℎ :
28
ℎ≥ [ − ] ≥ -16.00cm²
0.9
- We calculate the minimum steel section. :

≥ max(4 ; 0.2100)  ≥4.00 cm²

- We choose the final steel section. :

= max ( ; ℎ)  = . ²

We calculate the maximum steel section. ∶

5B
≤ lessthanorequalto31.25cm²
100

Finally, we must verify that: ≤

= 4.00 ² ≤ 31.25cm² control verified
We proceed with reinforcement using 4HA12 (which has a section of 4.52 cm²).

Limit adherence constraint

On a :τsu=0.6ψs ² ftj
Withψs coeffsealing efficiency ψs= 1.5for HA
andftj = 0.6+0.06 fcj
soτsu= 0.6× 1.5× 2.1( =2 2.835
) MPa
Diameter of transverse reinforcements

∅ ≥∅3 ∅ ≥132>= 4mm

We take∅ =

Seal length

ɸ × 12×0.1×500
On a :Ls = = 52.91 cm
4×τ su 4 times2.835

Overlap length
On a: Lr = 0.6 × Ls = 0.6 × 52.91 = 31.74 cm
Spacing calculation in the current area
On a: St ≤ min ( 15× ( if As > Amin); 40 cm; a+10)

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St ≤ min ( 15 ×1.240 cm ; 25+10

St ≤ 18 We take St = 17 cm

Calculation of spacing in the overlap zone

−4 sex31.74−4×0.6
On a : St =
2
= 2
14.67 cm

The length of the critical zone lc:

The length lc is calculated using the following relation: ( ) = max (ℎ /6 ;b ; 45)
Withℎ = 4.2 − 0.2 = 4.0
So = (400/6 ;25 ; 45) → = 67
Spacing in the critical area :
= min (15 ; 8∅ 0.25 ) → = min (15 ; 8 × 1.2 ; 0.25 × 25 )

→ = 6.25 We take a spacing =6

Spacing in the current St area:
= min( 30; 12∅ 0.5 ) → = min( 30 ; 12 × 1.2 ; 0.5 × 25 )

→ 12.5 We set a spacing = 2

Table 07: results of calculation of longitudinal reinforcements for ground floor columns

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Table 08: results of the calculation of the transverse reinforcements of the ground floor columns

II.2. Sizing of the footings

After determining the sections of the soles, we now move on to the determination
reinforcements in both directions of the sole (A and B).

The reinforcements must be arranged in both directions so that:

 T
 he upper layer following A is calculated using the following relation:
Nu( A−a)
= fe
8×d×
γs
 T
 he lower table following B is calculated by the following relation:
Nu( B−b)
A B= fe
8×d×
γs

With:
Nux: the effnormal last ort.
the width of the sole.
the length of the sole.
the width of the pole.
the length of the pole.
The useful height of the sole.
fe: The limit of elasticity fe= 500
safety factor = 1.15

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Application:
We will calculate the reinforcements in both directions of slab 05.
- theffNu413.83
the width of the sole: = 1.00
the length of the sole: = 1.60
the width of the pole: = 25
the length of the pole: = 40
The usable height of the sole: = 30

 T
 he upper table according to A is calculated by the following relationship:
Nu( A−a)
= fe  =2.97cm²
8×d×
γs
 T
 he lower layer following B is calculated by the following relation:
Nu( B−b)
A B= fe  B=4.76cm²
8×d×
γs

For the upper tablecloth, we adopt bars.6HA8let it be a Section of3.01 cm²

For the lower tablecloth, we adopt bars.5HA12be a Section of5.65 cm²

Table 09: footing sizing results

II.2. Sizing of isostatic beams
II.2. A- Calculation of longitudinal reinforcements

The sections of the beams being well defined, we will try in what follows to
dimension thebeams based on the calculation flowchart at the ULS of a
rectangular section in simple bending.
We will try to manually calculate the moments that will allow for the reinforcement of
beams.

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The steel sections are calculated using [Link], it is necessary to check the
non-fragility condition imposed by the BAEL rules.

ft28
≥ = 0.23 × × ×

In other words, the adopted steel section will be: = max ( é; )

With:
The width of the beam.
The useful height of the beam = 0.9 × h.
ℎ The total height of the beam.
The steel section to be used.
The minimum steel section.
é The steel section calculated using the flowchart.
28 Characteristic tensile strength of concrete 28= 0.6 +(0.06× 28)
28The characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days 28= 25
The limit of elasticity = 500 .

Furthermore, two other checks are carried out:

- Shear constraint verification

For the effsharp edge, the verityfshear citation onffhe will take the most
unfavorable.
≤
It is necessary to verify that:
Cracking is not very damaging therefore:
( ) = min (0.2fc28
γb
; 5)
Furthermore, we have =
×

With:
L'effsharp knife.
b: The width of the beam.
d: The effective height of the beam.
28: The characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days
28 = 25
The safety factor 1.5

Verification at the ELS

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Cracking being minimally harmful, therefore no verification to be done at the limit state of
the opening of cracks and it is limited to that concerning the limit state of compression of the
concrete.
We must check that: ≤͞

M
such as: σ = ×

σ͞ 0.6 28

The neutral axis:

Y² + n ( + ′ )Y–n ( × + ′× ′) = 0 with n=15
2

The moment of inertia:

3
I=Y+ n ′ −( ² + n′ ) (d - Y)²
3
With:
σ The compression constraint of concrete.
σ͞ The limiting constraint.
M Bending moment at the ELS.
28The characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days.
IThe moment of inertia.
The neutral axis.

Here is the calculation flowchart for ELU of a rectangular section under simple bending:

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Figure 09: calculation flowchart for the reinforcement of a beam in simple flexion at ULS

II.2. B-Calculation of transverse reinforcements and spacing

Diameter of transverse reinforcements

The diameter of the transverse reinforcement is determined by the following relationship:

∅ min(3ℎ5; ∅ ; ) 10

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With:
b : the width of the beam.
h: the total height of the beam.
ø The diameter of the transverse reinforcements.
ø The minimum diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement.
Shear constraint verification
we must check that ≤τ ͞ min (0.2fc28; 5) γb
Furthermore, we have =
×

Diameter of transverse reinforcements

The diameter of the transverse reinforcements is determined by the following relation:
ø <= min(ℎ/35; ø ; /10)
With:
b: the width of the beam.
h: the total height of the beam.
ø The diameter of the transverse reinforcements.
ø The minimum diameter of the longitudinal reinforcements.
Spacing of reinforcements in the current area

We take the maximum spacing in the current zone: Stmax = St/2

With:
Spacing of reinforcements in the current area.
Transverse reinforcement section
b: the width of the beam.
d: the effective height of the beam d = 0.9 × h
The limit of elasticity = 500

Spacing of reinforcements in the critical zone

According to RPS2000 [2], the spacing in the critical area is:
( ) = min (8 ø ; 24 ø ; 0.25h ; 20)

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With:
Spacing of the reinforcements in the critical zone
ø Diameter of the longitudinal reinforcements.
ø Diameter of transverse reinforcements.
h: The total height of the beam.
The first reinforcements must be placed no more than 5 cm from the face of the column.
L
 ength of the critical zone:
The RPS2000 requires that the length of the critical zone be as follows:
lc = 2 × h
With:
lcLength of the critical zone.
h: the total height of the beam.
R
 einforcement arrangement:
Length of central hats: =( é /4)× 2 + 0.25
Length of eccentric hats: = é /4
Length of the reinforcement on the span: = ée -2 at/10
With:
é The length of the span.
The total length of the span (including the posts).
Application :

The isostatic beam N24 (20 × 30) b

Data:
b = 20 cm
h = 30 cm
d = 27 cm d h
l = 3.40 m
loading length L: L = 2.6 m

1. The action combination:

G = b×h×25 + 8.76 KN/m
2
Q= × 21.95 KN/m

ELU: Pu = 1.35×G + 1.5×Q = 15.36 kN/m

ELS : Ps = G + Q = 11.16 KN/m

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

²
2. Calculation of static moment: = ×
8
ELU : =Pu× 8² 22.19 KN.m
²
ELS : =Ps× 16.12 KN.m
8
3. Calculation of moments at supports: 0.15×
ELU : = 0.15× = 3.33 KN.m
ELS : = 0.15× = 2.42 KN.m
4. Calculation of the section of longitudinal reinforcement
According to the diagram at ELU of a rectangular section in simple bending, we obtain
the following results:

Table 10: Calculation results of longitudinal reinforcements of beams Upper floor 2

Non-fragility condition
28
≥0.23×b×d×
=0.23×b×d×520.10 0.72 cm²
is greater than or equal to 2.00 condition verified
1.1
5. Shear verification
the cutting effort = × 215.36×32.2=24.58 kN
22.43×10 3
shear constraint: = ×
= 0.455 MPa
0.20x0.27
shear limit constraint:͞ = min (0.2× 5 MPa) = 3.3328MPa
verification: 0.455 less than or equal to͞ =3.33 MPa
Condition verified
6. Verification at the ELS

We must check:
σ = y ≤ σ͞ = 0.6× fc28= 15
Determination of the neutral axis:

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

2
y² + n(As + As’) y – n(As × d + As’ × d’) = 0
Moment of inertia:

I= 2 3+ n×As’(y-d’)² –nAs(d-y)² on aAs’=0 ( no compressed steels )

Table 11: verification of constraints at the ELS of the isostatic beam N24(20×30)

7. Calculation of transverse reinforcements

Diameter of transverse reinforcements
ℎ
≤ min(35, ; 10) = 10 mm
We take =8mm
Shear stress verification
we must check that = × = 0.56≤ τ ͞ = min (0.2fc285)=3.33
γb
Condition verified

Diameter of the transverse reinforcements

The diameter of the transverse reinforcements is determined by the following relation:
ø ≤ min(ℎ/35; ø ; /10)=8.57→ø =8mm
Spacing of reinforcements in the current area

St = 24.30 cm
The maximum spacing in the current zone is taken as: Stmax = St/2 = 12 cm

 S
 pacing of reinforcements in the critical zone
According to the RPS2000, the spacing in the critical zone is:
( ) = min (8 ø ; 24 ø ; 0.25ℎ ; 20)=7 cm
The first reinforcements must be placed no more than 5 cm from the face of the column.

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

 L
 ength of the critical zone:
The RPS2000 requires that the length of the critical zone be as follows:
lc = 2 × h= 60 cm
Arrangement of reinforcements:

Length of the central hats: =( é /4)× 2 + 0.25

L=149 cm
Length of eccentric hats: = é /4
L=75 cm
Length of the reinforcement on the span: = ée^{-2 at}/10
L=230 cm
II.3. Sizing of isostatic beams

2-1-1 FLAT RATE Method

The BAEL 91 regulation proposes a simplified method called the flat-rate method; this
This method is only applicable if the following four conditions are met:
1) The operating load is said to be moderate, that is to say Q < (5 kN/m2; 2G):
The moments of inertia of the cross-sections are the same in the different
traverses.
The successive spans of the sections are in a ratio between 0.8 and 1.25
4) Fissuration considered as not very harmful.
For the beams, we can assess the maximum values of moments in span and on the
supports at fixed rates of the maximum bending moment
"M0" in the independent aisle.
Calculation of moments in spans:
Recalling:
M0: Maximum isostatic moment of the span. M0=PL²/8.
Mt: Maximum moment of the analyzed span.

Mw: Moment on the left support of the span.

Me: Moment on the right support of the span

Edge span:

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 GRAOUNA Design Office DIMENSIONING OF A R+2 BUILDING

Intermediate span:

With α: The ratio of operating expenses 'Q' to the sum of fixed charges 'G'
and the operating charges "Q":

Calculation of moments at supports:

The moments on supports must have the following values:

1) Case of 02 spans:
0.15Mo1 0.6Max (Mo1 ; Mo2) 0.15Mo2

2) Case of 03 spans:

0.15Mo1 0. 5Max(Mo1 ; Mo2) 0. 5Max(Mo2 ; Mo3) 0.15Mo3

3) Case of more than 03 spans:

0.15Mo 0.5MB 0.4MB 0.4MB 0.5MB 0.15Mo

Calculation of moments at supports:

1-Case of a beam with two spans:

T01 1.15T02

-1.15T01 -T02

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2-case of a beam with multiple spans:

T01 1.1T02 T03

-1.1T01 -T02

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Conclusion
This internship that lasted four weeks at NOVEC was an opportunity
to strengthen the training we received during our
formation.
The training provided at ENSA of Al-Hoceima (geotechnics, resistance of
materials, structural calculations, BAEL and building drawing) is essential
for the training of a building engineer. Nevertheless, the application of these
various acquisitions on a single real project give this training a real aspect.
Also, this project has been rich in lessons in several aspects:
Contact with the research world has allowed us to progress in
numerous fields, particularly on the theme of data analysis.
We also discovered the pre-sizing process,
sizing and its different stages for the different elements of the
structure.
This project has completed our theoretical knowledge and allowed us to
dive into the field where we will be working, to identify its difficulties
and its specifics. This project is just the beginning; we will continue our
path to serve our passion: Civil engineering.

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References

Bibliography

- BAEL 91: Technical rules for the design and calculation of structures and constructions.
- RPS 2000: Moroccan seismic regulations applicable to buildings
- Previous years' PFE of ENSAH

Websites
- [Link]
- [Link]
- [Link]
- [Link]
Course
Reinforced concrete courses at ENSAH (Mr. Drouich)
the RDM courses at ENSAH (Mr. Timesli)

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Annex 01: Upper Floor Plan

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Annex 02: Ground Floor

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Appendix 03: Foundation Plan

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