Systems

of identification
Dr. Elena García Jiménez
STUDIES:
DENTAL SURGEON: UNAM
SPECIALTY: CRIMINALISTICS: INACIPE-PGR
AIFCF: CRIMINALISTICS, FORENSIC DENTISTRY, TEST
Psychological application,
DGPRSDF: CONFERENCES, PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES
(INCAPE)
NATIONAL LEVEL TEACHER: IN SUBJECTS OF
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS, DACTYLOSCOPY AND
CRIMINALISTICS
TAGLE & DINORÍN CORPORATE: EXPERT IN
FORENSIC DENTISTRY, CRIMINOLOGY AND SYSTEMS
IDENTIFICATION
SPEAKER IN THE AREAS OF CRIMINOLOGY AND
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS
Background
Identification of the tribes by
medium of feather decorations, paintings
and tattoos
Siberia, the women tattooed the
back of the hand, the forearm and the
front part of the legs and the
men were made in the doll, the
mark the sign they used as a signature
 The Bertillon system:
1. Anthropometric measurement
2. The descriptive indication
3. The one about private brands and photography

the Vucetich system: classification in just 4

fundamental types
Filiality was the first system used
by the police, to deal very rudimentarily
then the morpho-anthropological studies
allowed for more precise determination
the characters and shapes of the body.
Identity and Identification
1. Concepts and Generalities
2. Identification Systems
3. Classification
4. Fundamental principles of
Identification
Fundamental Indications for the
Identification
Identity

Set of characteristics: Acquired

phenotypic, genotypic that
they individualize a person
making it just like itself and
different from the others
Identity is subjective since it is the
same life of the subject, that is to say, it is
a dynamic that includes its part
physical (sex, age, height,
dental characteristics, etc. ), in their
way of walking, talking, listening,
act, conduct oneself, and even think.
Identity Classification

Genotypic Characteristics
Phenotypic Characteristics
Acquired Characteristics
Identity Classification
Genotypic: DNA

Phenotypic: Fingerprint, Skin color,

Crystal drawings of the palms of the
hands, Crystal drawings of the plants of the
pies,Color del cabello,Color de ojos,
Voice, Skeletal complexion

Adquirida:Nombre,Uso de lentes,Cambio de color

of hair, Use of tattoos, Use of
earrings. Aesthetic surgeries. Dental treatments
 Identification
Set of procedures by means of
which are analyzed and grouped the
characteristics of a subject
The identification is objective since it is the
physical part of the subject, that is, it is his
subject that includes your gender, age,
height, dental characteristics, their
particular signs, etc.
The identification is represented
only by the physical part of the
individual, this is lost when the
the subject matter is part of another
matter, since its biological elements are
they transform.
The identification is the whole material of
individual, reason why it is possible that
its characteristics are noted in a
document.
Types of Identification
Legal Identification: is applied in a way
mandatory for all individuals to a certain
age
Judicial Identification: to establish the
to be related to the author of an alleged event
criminal
Medical-legal identification: identification
of corpses, bone remains, whose data is
they are unaware
Identification Systems
Identification Systems
Distinction among people has
made based on the name and surname
The application of new high techniques
reliability and universal character,
among which are branches of the
medical science, such as: Dentistry,
Radiology, Genetics, and biochemical studies
The implementation of documents
officials, such as the voter ID that
integrates photography and fingerprint
Problematic of the
forensic identification
The geographical position of our Nation, the
convert into a transit route for immigrants from
Central and South America, as well as
countrymen, towards the United States of
North America.
There is a deficiency in medical practice regarding
the creation of medical records and
dental
Characteristics of physical similarity in groups
indigenous ethnic groups and in general of the scope
Latino.
 Identification techniques
METRICS ANTHROPOMETRY, CRANIOMETRY

Dactyloscopy, palmistry, pelmatoscopy

DERMOPAPILOSCOPIC
Coyloscropy

FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY, RUGOSCOPY, CHEILOSCOPY,

DENTOLOGICAL
ORAL NECROPSY

Chemicals GENETICS AND HEMATOLOGICAL

SIGNAGE, FORENSIC, SUPERPOSITION

PHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHIC

RADIOLOGICAL CRANIAL, DENTAL, GENERAL

SPOKEN PORTRAIT, FORENSIC PORTRAIT AND

PLASTICS FACIAL REPRODUCTION
 Metrics

Anthropometry

Craniometry

Somatometry
Anthropometry
Anthropometry
it is the study of the
body measurements
humano con fin de
use them in the
classification and
comparison
anthropological
CRANEO-METRY
Study and measurement
of the bones that
form the
bone portion of
human skull and
animal
Bone
Parietal Bone
Parietal
Frontal Bone Parietal Bone
Arches
Bone
Supraorbital Arches Temporal Supraeyebrows

Bone
Bones Temporal Bone
Bone Bone
Nasal Zygomatic Bone Occipital
Malar Malar Process
Maxillary Process
Maxillary Process Sternocleidomastoid

Mandibular Bone Mandibular Bone

 Somatometry
Measurement of
body but in
soft tissue
Understand:
A) Affiliation
B) Signaling Form
C)Recognition
by Chamber of
Hessel
Dermatoglyphics

Lofoscopy
Palmetoscopy or
Quiroscopy
Pelmatoscopy or
Podoscopy
Dactyloscopy
Poroscopy
Palmistry or Chiromancy
Part of the Phalanx
s

Lofoscopy
dedicated to
study of the
shaped drawings
in the epidermis of
the palms of the
hands
Tenar region
Region
Hollow of Hipotenar
the hand
Pelmatoscopy or Podoscopy

It is the study of
the drawings Región tenar Region

formed by the Hypotenuse

ridges and grooves Tenar region

present in the
Region
Proximal Hypotenuse
Distal
soles of the feet
Region
Hypotenuse
Proximal

Calcar Region
Fingerprinting
Study that is
in charge of
classify the
shapes formed
through ridges and
present grooves
in the squid
fingerprints
 Poroscopy

Study that is
carry out in the
pores present in
plants of the feet
palm of the hand and
fingerprints
Stomatological

Forensic Dentistry
Oral Necroscopy
Rugoscopy
Cheiloscopy
Footprints for
Bite
Forensic Dentistry

Application of the
knowledge
dental to the
legal problems.
Oral Necroscopy

It is based on the
coincidence of the
ante-mortem data and
postmortem, data
provided by
dental records
like the odontogram,
dental X-rays,
study models
photographs, etc.
Rugoscopy

Rugoscopy is the
technique of
identification that
is in charge of
study, record, and
classification of the
wrinkles present in
the palate
Cheiloscopy

It is the study,
registration and
classification of the
settings of
the lips
Bite Marks

They are impressions

left dental
in a subject
(victim-
perpetrator) for the
teeth of the
aggressor
 Chemicals

Forensic Chemistry
Genetics
Forensic Hematology
Toxicology
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
It is the branch of Chemical Science that
is responsible for the analysis, classification and
determination of those elements
or substances that were found in the
place of the facts or where they could be
relate to the commission of a
illicit.
APPLICATIONS

The importance that it has gained with

the passage of time Chemistry
Analytics in research
Criminalistics comes from its
close relationship with studies
expert opinions of another type such as
["Ballistics","Hematology","Genetics"]
Forensic, Graphoscopy, Fires and
Explosives.
Infrared light spectrometer Spectrophotometry of
coupled to a microscope atomic absorption

Coupled gas chromatograph Absorption spectrophotometry

to the masses 'Emit - solaris' atomic
In Forensic Genetics
Help to obtain the fingerprint
genetics of an individual
based on the analysis of
saliva, blood, bulb
pilose, cells
spermatic, etc.
 In Forensic Hematology
Our assistants indicating to us if a
the stain is blood. We
allows to know if the
the found blood is from
human or animal origin. In
human blood, it can be
determine the group
sanguine, the RH factor, the
sex of the individual, the
presence of
diseases, etc.
 In Forensic Toxicology
Conduct blood tests,
urine, gastric contents
and other substances with it
end of finding remains of
amphetamines
methamphetamine
barbiturates,
benzodiazepines, cocaine
cannabinoids, methadone
opioids, alcohol, poisons or
any other substance.
 Photographic

Forensic Photography
Identification Photo
Forensic Photography
Part of the
Criminalistics that
it deals with fixation
photographic of
images that
are part of
a fact of which
is being
investigating
Identification Photograph
Application of the
knowledge
photographic like
fixation method
of images of
subjects that
must identify
how do I process what
are located in
a legal process
 Radiological

Forensic Radiography
Skull Radiographs
Dental X-rays
General Radiographies
Forensic Radiography
Part of the
medicine that
use for purposes of
diagnosis or
therapeutic the
X-rays
isotopes
radioactive and the
radiations not
ionizing
Plastics

E-Face
Facial Reconstruction
Overlaying images
Forensic Video
Spoken Portrait
It consists of the creation of portraits.
Composed (Spoken) from
information retrieved from memory of
victims and/or witnesses of crimes; which
they can be elaborated through drawing
anatomical using different techniques
artistic, or computer-generated,
using the facial image repository
Creation of the Portrait
Spoken
Interview. Where
it is collected the
information about the
characteristics
individuals of the subject
to describe, necessary
for the creation of the
portrait
Creation of the Portrait
Compound. It is the
elaboration of the
image of the face or
composite portrait
 Techniques for preparation
of the Spoken Portrait
Retouching of
photographs and of
composite portraits
to update the
image of a face
showing different
variants
Preparation of
portraits
compounds
taking as
base images of
videos and/or
photographic
 Portraits of
age progression
(in minors)
are carried out with the
purpose of
represent the
changes or
transformations of the
face in infants,
employing techniques
drawing art
anatomical, or
generated by
computer
 Portraits of
aging (in
adults
are prepared for
update the
appearance of the face
of an adult person,
using techniques
artistic drawing
anatomical, or assisted
by computer
Facial Reconstruction or
Facial Reproduction
It is mainly based on,
in rebuilding
en material plásticoo
through programs
of computation
soft tissue of the
head of the subject to
study whether alive or
corpse and bones,
determining if it is
possible sex, age, and
ethnic group
Exhumations
DESTRUCTION BY FAUNA
EARTHLY FACTS
POLYTRAUMA
MUTILATIONS
STATES OF DECAY
Image overlay
Your application is
aimed at carrying out the
identification of a
subject departing from the
help from a photograph
antemortem and a
X-ray of the skull
carrying out the
superposition of both
images to obtain
measurements and data that
help to carry out the
Identification of the same
Forensic Video
Use of
video team
as a means of
identification or
as material of
reconstruction of
fact that is
investigate
Classification of the
Identification Systems
A) Identification Systems
inclusive
They are those who individualize a
subject in confirmed form
1. Genetic Profile (DNA)
2. Lofoscopy (Dactyloscopy)
3. Dentistry
 Identification Systems
exclusives
They are the ones who determine the
identification of an individual in form
indicate
Blood Study
2. Hair Study
3. Fiber Studies
4. Semen study
5. Saliva study
6. Anthropometry
7. Spoken Portrait
8. Media Affiliation (Personal Data,
Anatomía, Señas particulares, Ficha
Signage, Media Affiliation
9. Phoniatrics
Poroscopy
Fundamental Principles of the
Identification
Permanence: They remain in a way
permanent until death, putrefaction
or mummification.

Immutability: They do not change.

Diversity: Because they are individual and not

there is equality of one subject with another.
 Sure
what was
dead
For its study, the factors of
identification is divided into:
Morphological (of appreciation
external) and Biochemists (of
inner nature), presenting
each of them characteristics
natural and acquired.
Main evidence found
in a place of facts

Biologicals: blood stains, impressions

dactilares, pelos, fluidos biológicos, huellas
of teeth, lips

Non-biological: footprints of human steps,

footwear,tire tracks, damage
recent or not, firearms, casings,
fibers, powders
Identification card

Useful document for the researcher who

it serves to establish the
identity of an individual who committed
a presumed criminal act or how
method of identification for some
institution
 It is indicated in the field
Category
the name of the
dependency that
this system will be applied

Front photograph
Photographs Side photography
left
Side photograph
right
 Nombre, edad, fecha
of birth,
Personal Data address, residence
state
civíl,nacionalidad,
degree of
estudio,ocupación,
name of (parents)

Labor data:
Datos laborales places where there are
worked
temporality
 Filiaciòn

Complexion
Height Nose
weight Mouth
skin color Lips
Dear
Chin
Hair
Front
Right ear
Eyebrows particular signs
Eyes
Comple xi ón
Build

Obese
Robust
Stocky or Athletic
Medium
Thin
Color d e Pie l
Skin Color
Albino
White
Yellow
Clear Moreno
Moreno
Dark Brown
Black
Cara
Cara
Form:
Size:
Square
Big
2. Median [Link]
Small Extended
[Link]
Round Square

Oval

Wide Elongated
 the
Cabthe
Hair Albino

Shape Long
Color
Circular
Frontal
Frontal Baldness
Parietal Baldness
Size
Abundant
Implantció
Baldness P Scarce
Quantity Regular
Rectangular
Without Hair
Front
 Front
Size:
Large
Median
Small

Shape: Biconcave
Pyramidal
Pyramidal
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Piriform
Biconcave Rhomboid

6. Rhombus Square
Rectangular
Eyebrows
 Eyebrows
Implementation
[Link]
2. Drops
[Link]

Form:
Arched
2. Sinous Arc

[Link]
4. Sinusoidal Straight Line

Size:
Thick
[Link]
[Link]

4. Longs
Eyes
 Eyes
Color:
Blue
2. Light Coffee

[Link] Cafe
[Link]

[Link]
[Link]
Form:
Elongated
[Link]

3. Ovals

Size:
Big
[Link]
3. Little
Nose
Nose
Width:
Root: Big
Big Medium
Small
[Link]
[Link]
Base:
[Link]
2. Horizontal
Back:
[Link]
Concave
Convex
Height:
[Link] Big
[Link]
Winding
[Link]
Aquilina Romanian
Convex Straight Concave
Big
Median Small Plan
Boca
 Mouth

Size:
Large
[Link]
[Link]
 Commissures
Downcast
Elevated

Symmetrical
[Link]
Lips
Thickness:
Thin
[Link]
3. Thick

Nasolabial Height:
Big
[Link]
Small

Prominence
 Chin
Type:
[Link]
[Link]
3. Borla
None

Shape:
Oval
[Link]
[Link]
Double In Belovo
Inclination: Borla Pointed
HUente
Punta
Prominent Square
[Link]
Ear
Square
Shape
Round
Big
Size
Medium
Helix
Small
Lobe
Helix
Size: Superior
Size: Posterior
Adherence:
[Link]
[Link]

Contour:
Ascending
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Lobe
Adherence
Particularity:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

Dimension:
Large
[Link]
[Link]
Particular Signs
Tattoos
Glasses
Hair Dye
Scars
Clothing
Etc.
 Decadactyl Card

Ten-finger card (hand)

right-hand left
Decadactyl card

Palm print of hand

Palm print right and left

Footprint Footprint
Right thumbprint and
thumb thumb
left
Dental Record
the presence or absence of
some dental organ
odontogram the presence of some type
of restoration
located in a certain organ
dentary
the presence of devices
orthodontics
Tattoos
dental mutilations
bone enlargements
type of bite
types of habits
 Second Tooth Chart
First Dental Chart Teething
Teething
Bibliography
Correa Ramírez Alberto Isaac "Dentistry"
as forensic science", edit. UAEM
Correa Ramírez Alberto Isaac "Identification
Forensic
Identification manual of the PGJ of the state of
Guadalajara
Manual of Scientific Police
Criminalistics Manual for Public Prosecutors
Identification manual of INACIPE
Web pages