Definitive Study Components for Projects
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ScribdTranslationsDefinitive Study Components for Projects
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ScribdTranslationsFINAL STUDY
Generalities.
As the study that allows for a detailed definition of the selected alternative in the
pre-investment level and classified as viable. To prepare it, it is necessary to
carry out specialized studies that allow for defining: the sizing for
detalle del proyecto, los costos unitarios por componentes, especificaciones
techniques for the execution of works or equipment, mitigation measures for
negative environmental impacts, operational and maintenance needs,
theplanof implementation, among other requirements considered as
necessary according to the type of project. In projects of
infrastructure, specialized studies are referred to asengineeringof
detailtopographystudies offloorsThe contents of the Studies
Definitives vary with the type of project and are established according to the
current sector regulations and the requirements indicated by the Unit
Project Formulator and/or Executing Unit. Finally, define
the Detailed Technical File as the document that contains the studies
of detail engineering with its respectivememorydescriptive, bases,
technical specifications and thebudgetdefinitive.
2. COMPONENTS OF A DEFINED STUDY
The component of the definitive study will depend on the contractual object as
civil works, goods and services:
2.1. Civil works.
The definitive study for civil works will be the technical file for
activities such as building structures, installations, and finishes,
electrical installations, reconstructions, remodeling, demolitions,
permissions, basic sanitation, etc.
2.2. Goods
For goods, the definitive study will be the technical specifications for the
activities such as: purchase of furniture, purchase of equipment, purchase of
vehicles, hardware purchase, etc.
2.3. Services
The definitive study for the services will be the terms of reference for the
following activities or actions such as: training, technical assistance,
consulting, etc.
2.1.1. Components of a technical file
[Link]. Descriptive Memory
The descriptive memory constitutes the project description, among the
aspects that integrate it include: introduction, background, location of
proyecto, estado actual de la obra, vías de acceso, estrategia para desarrollo
of works, safety measures, etc.
This indicates the technical justification according to the assessment of the state of the
work, or what is now known in Peru as "Closing gaps", must
Indicate technical considerations whose nature depends on the type of work.
execute and that require the development of a set of specified tasks in the
technical file. Likewise, the objectives are precisely stated
to achieve the development of the work or proposed tasks.
Other aspects to consider are: geographic location of the project, conditions
environmental, hydrological, geological, road, altitude, topography, systems of
communications on site, health control, storage of materials, of
quarries, water supply, electrical energy, among others.
[Link]. Basic and Specific Studies
According to the nature of the work, basic studies will be carried out such as
such as: topography, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, among others; so
such specific studies as: quarries, hydrology, precipitation,
expansive clays, aquifers, water quality, health studies, among others.
The studies must be carried out by qualified or specialized personnel.
should provide proof of the corresponding professional degrees and experience
necessary for the positions they will hold in the project, as well as everything
calculation, assertion, estimation or data contained in the Technical File,
It must be justified conceptually and analytically. Acceptances should not be made.
estimates or evaluations of the Consultant without the proper support.
[Link]. Work Execution Plans
It is the graphic representation through drawings of the work to be executed, its
dimensions, distribution and the components that make it up.
They constitute the documents that accurately reflect each of the
physical components of the work can be in two or three dimensions,
considering that the BIM methodology is starting to be implemented in the works
public, so the professional who prepares and executes must know and understand
interpret that methodology. In addition to that, there are strong approaches with the
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality applied to works, so that
A transition period is coming regarding this component.
[Link]. Technical Specifications
The technical specifications constitute the set of rules and documents.
linked to the description of the jobs, construction method, quality of
materials, quality control systems, construction procedures,
measurement methods and payment conditions required in the execution of the
work.
Each item or set of items that make up the project budget.
It must contain its respective technical specifications, detailing as already
the rules that define the specific benefits were mentioned, such as for
example the materials to consider, construction procedure, way of
measure and payment.
Technical specifications are important to comply with, since when
your work is intervened, it will be the main document to which they will refer to provide
faith about how each shipment was handled, as well as the payment method according to the
progress made.
[Link]. Measurements
The measurements represent the quantified expression by items of the work.
of construction that has been scheduled to be executed within a certain timeframe,
expressed in the unit of measure that has been established for each item,
Similarly, they are necessary to determine the project budget, as
they represent the workload of each item.
To budget a project and control its execution and payment of the
it establishes a breakdown of the total work into parts called
matches. That is, a match is established with the purpose of measuring,
quantify, budget, and pay for a work.
A work item consists of the following elements:
Nombre de la partida: Es la que identifica y señala los términos
normative scope of it.
Unit of measurement: It is the physical unit used to measure the batch.
(length, area, volume, weight, global, etc).
Measurement of the item: It is the quantification expressed in the unit of
measure, regarding the quantity or activity to be executed.
[Link]. Unit Price Analysis
Each item in the budget constitutes a partial cost, the determination of
each of the costs requires its corresponding price analysis
unit costs, that is to say the technical quantification of the amount of resources (labor
work, materials, equipment, machinery, tools, among others, that
they require to execute each unit of the batch and its cost.
To calculate, the inputs are grouped into the categories of materials, labor
of work, equipment, and others. It is necessary to know all the supplies that
they intervene in the execution of each item, their unit contribution or yield
expressed in amount of input per unit of measurement of the item, as well as
the cost in the market of the input. This cost must include all costs of
acquisition, transportation, storage, etc.
In the unit price analyses, the general tax will not be included.
sales (VAT) of the supplies, since this tax will be added at the end on the
total amount of the budget.
[Link]. Work Budget
The reference value constitutes the estimated cost of the work to be executed,
determined based on the preparation of the project budget, which is
composed of direct cost, overhead, profit, and taxes.
This corresponds to the amount of the budget included in the technical file.
except for works executed under the turn-key modality (which includes
the preparation of the technical file) and bid competition, due to the fact that in these
the reference value should be determined considering the object of the work and its
expected scope in the pre-investment studies that led to feasibility
of the corresponding project, as well as the result of the study of the
market price possibilities.
The components of the budget base structure of a work are
They are grouped into two categories: direct cost and indirect cost.
The direct cost is the one calculated by valuing the cost of each item.
through the application of unit prices calculated through the analyses
of the prices of each item, applied to the respective measurements.
Indirect costs are defined as all those costs that cannot be
to apply to a specific game, but have an impact on the whole
value of Work, being its amount corresponding to the sum of expenses
general expenses and the utility considered in the project budget.
What are overhead costs?
They are established as those expenses that the contractor must incur.
during the construction, derived from its own business activity, for the
which cannot be included within the items of the work.
General expenses are further divided into:
Fixed General Expenses: These are those that are not related to the
execution time of the work and that they are only carried out once, between
we have them:
Office, warehouse, workshop, laboratory, cafeteria equipment,
etc.
Administrative expenses such as bidding costs, legal expenses.
Variable General Expenses: Defined as those expenses
related to the execution time of the work, remaining to the
throughout the entire construction period, or its possible extension, between them
we have:
Site personnel: Engineering and Administration.
Food and travel expenses for professional and administrative staff.
Equipment not included in direct cost.
Transport and mobilization of professional and administrative staff.
Technical control.
Miscellaneous expenses.
Financial expenses: Insurance, bonds, derived from cash flow, etc.
It should be noted that overhead costs are amounts that are calculated
analytically, therefore, although they are expressed as a percentage of
indirect cost, are not a percentage but a part of the indirect cost.
The reference value should not be older than 6 months with respect to
the date of the call. That is to say, if the call is in the month of June,
The Project Budget or Reference Value must be from January onwards.
[Link]. Polynomial Formulas
It is the mathematical representation of the cost structure of a budget.
and is constituted by the summation of terms, called monomials, that
they consider the participation or incidence of the main resources (labor
work, materials, equipment, overhead) within the total cost or budget
of the work. It is developed based on the budget that constitutes the value
referential.
The polynomial formula is used to calculate the effect of variation in
prices of some of the supplies involved in the execution of the work,
being mandatory for those budgets expressed in national currency.
Thus, in each valuation, the purpose is to "update" the value of the
components of the project budget, for this use the unified indices
of construction prices published by the National Institute of Statistics and
Computer Science - INEI (In Peru).
Regarding its legal basis, the formulation and its calculation must be followed by the
guidelines of Supreme Decree No. 011-79-VC and complementary regulations
modifications. A demonstrative example is shown below:
The maximum number of polynomial formulas per work is 4 and the minimum is 1.
In the event that a contract includes works of different natures, it may
to use up to a maximum of 8 Polynomial formulas.
[Link]. Work Execution Schedule
To determine the contractual execution period, the Consultant must formulate
the project execution schedule considering any possible restrictions
to exist for their normal development, such as rains or
adverse weather conditions, difficulty of access to certain areas, etc.
The schedule will be prepared considering all the necessary activities
for the execution of the work, using the PERT-CPM method using the
software that the designer has available for their review, identifying the
activities or tasks that are on the critical path of the project, milestones, dates
partial determinations, etc.
The consultant or project planner will prepare the construction execution schedule.
specifying the number of crews considered to carry out the work, the
number of shifts, daily working hours and any considerations that may exist
taken for the determination of the work deadline.
Likewise, it will present a schedule for the acquisition and/or use of equipment.
and materials, in accordance with the construction schedule.
You must also present the list of the minimum necessary equipment for
ensure the completion of the work within the scheduled deadlines. Starting from
from the previously indicated schedule, the consultant will calculate the schedule of
valued advance in which all items of the budget will intervene
work.
3. Bibliography
1.[Link]
of the project study process/
2.[Link]
what-it-is-and-what-it-components/
3.[Link]
management_of_the_investment_phase___snip_april_2015.pdf
4.