SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SYSTEMS

Curricular Experience:
Mathematics 02

THEME:
MODELING FUNCTIONS APPLYING THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
THROUGH THE GEOGEBRA SOFTWARE

ADVISOR:
WALTER SAUCEDO VEGA

AUTHORS:
• CORDOVA RIOS Gabriel De Jesús
• CUEVA MORETO Roberto Junior
• GIRON AVENDAÑO Pharis Jaime Harot
• GUARNIZO RAYMUNDO Thomas Javier
• PALMA ACOSTA Ángel Leonardo Gabriel
• SYSTEM PASSAGE Andrés

SECTION:
A1

Piura–Peru
2021

Page 1 | 20
INDICE:

1. Introduction 3
1.1 History 4
1.2 Application of the Integral 5
1.3 Integrals in Systems Engineering 6
1.4 Objectives 7
1.5 Software GeoGebra 8

2. Body
2.1 Definite Integral 9
2.2 Integration methods 11
2.3 Problems with function modeling 13
3. Conclusions 18

Bibliographic References 19
Team performance 20

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1. INTRODUCTION:

As part of the training process for future systems engineers, the

knowledge about integral calculus and the application of mathematical exercises
It is of vital importance to develop skills and abilities in development.
of the problem-solving that arises. The calculation of integrals
defined is a constant practice not only in Mathematics subjects that
a student of Systems Engineering must take courses, but moreover, it also appears
frequently in the study of other subjects, such as Physics, or
more specific like any Technology.

The teaching and consequently the learning of the principles of Calculus

it is problematic, it coincides with the research conducted over several years
that can teach to perform calculations in a more or less mechanical way of
limits, derivatives, and integrals, even solving some types of problems, but
there are indeed great difficulties in getting students
achieve a satisfactory understanding of the concepts involved in this
area of Mathematics, in particular, the concept of definite integral or integral
of Riemann. The history of teaching Calculus in the Engineering degree
In Computer Science and other engineering fields, it shows two trends.
related to the order in which the concepts of definite integral are introduced
and of indefinite integral and they emphasize the calculations above what
conceptual. The author's teaching practice in this subject for over thirty years
and the thorough and extensive study of the work of the main researchers
nationals and foreigners in mathematical education, encouraged the development of a

sequencing of content for the topic of Integral Calculus which has been
applied by various courses. The main result in correspondence with the
the proposed objective is the significant acquisition of the concept of integral
defined and the generalizations that correspond to the multiple integrals and to the
vector integrals.

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1.1 HISTORY OF THE INTEGRAL:

According to history, the origin of the integral takes place in the time of Archimedes.
(Greek mathematician) he achieved very important results such as the
value of the area enclosed by a parabolic segment.

The history of mathematics recognizes the creators of calculus.

differential and integral to Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz; these great
mathematicians developed rules to manipulate derivatives; on the other
side, Isaac Barrow managed to demonstrate that integration and differentiation turn out to be

totally inverse operations.

In the year 1665, Newton succeeded in finding an algorithm for differentiation.

algebraic functions closely coincided with what had already been discovered by
Fermat, at the end of the same year, would dedicate himself to restructuring the foundations of his

calculus attempting to detach itself from infinitesimals and introduced the concept of
fluxion. Shortly after, in the year 1711, Newton introduced the formula of
finite difference interpolation of a function f(x).

For his part, Gottfried Leibniz in the year 1675 formulated and developed calculus
differential, he was the first to publicly disclose the results that he himself
Isaac Newton discovered 10 years earlier. In the research, Gottfried preserved
its geometric character and treated the derivative as an incremental quotient not
like a speed, seeing the sense of its correspondence with the slope
from the tangent line to the curve at that point.

The creators of infinitesimal analysis introduced integral calculus.

taking into account the inverse problems of their calculations. The Integral calculus,
closed in infinitesimal calculus, turns out to be a branch of mathematics
in which the process of integration or antiderivation is studied; this
theme, it is very common in engineering and is mainly used for calculation of
areas, volumes of regions and solids of revolution.

Page 4 | 20
 1.2 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS IN VARIOUS FIELDS
WORKING:

• In civil engineering, integrals are used to calculate structures and

areas.
• In management, when working with the costs of a company, when having
marginal cost of a product, the cost formula can be obtained from
through the integrals.
• In electronics, they are used when calculating currents, capacitances, times.
of charging and discharging currents, etc.
• In ecology and environmental science, it is used for the counting of the
organisms and calculation of the exponential growth of bacteria.
• In computer science and computing, it is used in chip manufacturing.
miniaturization of internal components, management of the
components of integrated circuits, compression, digitization of
images, sounds, videos, etc.
• In hydraulics, to calculate areas and volumes of liquids, in addition
to calculate force and pressure
• Integral calculus is used in medicine to find the angle of
optimal branching in blood vessels to maximize flow.
• In statistics for the propagation of uncertainties, algorithms,
financial and actuarial probabilities.
• It helps us to solve problems and carry out tasks in which
It is necessary to know curve lengths, which through regression
linear a program like Excel can reach the function and have a
precision in calculating distances like bridges.
• In thermodynamics, heat or work is an area under the curve that exists.
what to integrate.

• In electronics, integral calculus can discover the

capacitors are spherical, parallel plate, or cylindrical.

Page 5 of 20
Integral calculus represents an important advancement in mathematics and for
so much in science. Integral calculus has allowed scientists more
brilliant with Albert Einstein, Leibniz, Isaac Newton, performing demonstrations
important that today are part of modern science such as
for example aviation, the exploration of the cosmos, communications,
data security, among others.

1.3 INTEGRALS IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

The definite integral is the integral applied to only a section of the curve where
this is continuous throughout the interval. From this concept, what is derived is the
calculation of areas of curved regions, and from there in many more applications.
Some of those applications are directly related to the field.
of systems engineering. The application of calculus in systems engineering
is reflected in the manufacturing of chips and boards for various uses such as
borders, video cards, sound etc. Technology today tends to
making devices smaller and smaller, that goal is achieved thanks to the use of
calculation, as well as the understanding and editing of audio and video.

It is also necessary in the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence.

of many others where it will be the base. Furthermore, it is also necessary in the

software creation in which it is required for unit measurement and

Simplification. The Mathematics that deals with the study of increments.
in the variables, slopes of curves, maximum and minimum values of functions
and the determination of lengths, areas, and volumes. Its use is very
extensively, especially in science and engineering, whenever there are quantities that
They vary continuously. The main objectives of integral calculus are:
Area of a flat region, change of variable, definite integrals, integrals
improper, integration methods, etc... According to this, the engineering of
search systems: Creation of more efficient software and hardware. Generation
of systems that contribute to the improvement of communication between
companies and institutions. Communication and transmission of information (data).

Page 6 | 20
Simulation is a branch of computer science that is used to emulate the
behavior of a system that solves systems of equations, the way
to solve them numerically is through various methods, one of them
basically calculates integrals over finite intervals. In data handling or
signals: For signals, it is possible to determine the average value of a signal
generic over a certain time interval, as well as its effective value and even
determine another sinusoidal signal of the same frequency, thanks to the integrals
defined. In the creation of software for companies or financial entities, there
can be used to develop cost, production, revenue functions,
earnings, producer surpluses in addition to savings functions and
consumption. Finally, the definite integral can be applied in the creation of
software to provide information about engineering where it is necessary to calculate

areas, volumes, etc.

Engineering is distinguished by basing its advancements on science, an engineer

must be a good scientist and mathematician. Integral and differential calculus can
explaining many things, everything in nature is solved with differentials,
but the important thing about this is not knowing how to solve equations and so on, because for

there are always tables, calculators, and mathematicians, the real work
for an engineer it is to imagine something, to project a "differential" of the problem in
paper, solve it, and then 'integrate' it into reality, for that it is supposed to
engineering is studied to achieve a better understanding of nature and its
changes.

1.4 OBJETIVOS:

• Model functions by applying definite integrals.

• Manage the graphical representation using GeoGebra software
• Understanding the history and concept of definite integrals.
• Demonstrate that the use of integrals is important for problem solving.
of situations in which we are exposed daily.

Page 7 | 20
1.5 SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA

GeoGebra is an interactive mathematical software available for free from

any operating system that allows relating the different
geometric and algebraic representations of a mathematical object. It was
created in 2001 by Markus Hohenwarter at the University of Salzburg,
since then, Markus and a dedicated team of developers and
continuous growth has transformed this program into one of the main ones
educational software programs for mathematics education everywhere
mundo (Hall & Lingefjärd, 2017, p. 448). Además, es utilizado en más de 80
countries and translated into more than 60 languages including Spanish; in the last
In recent years, this software has become a very widely used tool in the
research on the didactics of mathematics in secondary education and
superior as it allows combining dynamics and simultaneously geometry,
algebra, analysis, and statistics in a single set that is so simple at the operational level
as powerful.

Page 8 | 20
2. BODY

2.1 What is integration?

Integration is the reciprocal process of differentiation, that is, given a function f(x),
look for those functions F(x) that when differentiated lead to f(x).

It is said, then, that F(x) is a primitive or antiderivative of f(x); said of

Another way, the primitives of f(x) are the differentiable functions F(x) such that:

F'(x) = f(x).

If a function it has primitive, it has infinite primitives, differentiating

all of them in a constant.

2.2 Definite integral

The definite integral is a concept used to determine the value of the

areas limited by curves and lines.

Given the interval [a, b] in which, for each of its points x, a is defined as
function f (x) that is greater than or equal to 0 in [a, b], is called definite integral of
the function between the points a and b to the area of the portion of the plane that is

limited by the function, the horizontal axis OX and the vertical lines of
equations x = a and x = b.

The definite integral of the function between the endpoints of the interval [a, b] is
denotes as:

∫ ba f (x) dx

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Let f: a, b a continuous function

Furthermore, F' (x) = f (x) for x a, b , then

∫ ba f (x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

Page 9 | 20
Page 10 | 20
2.3 Integration Methods

a) Integration by parts It is applied when the integrand contains the

product of two functions.

∫ [Link] = uv - ∫ vdu

The function dv must be one that can be integrated immediately, in

in some cases, it needs to be integrated by parts more than once, to this type of
problems are called circular integral.

b) Partial Fractions: 4 cases

Page 11 | 20
c) Integration by trigonometric substitution
If the functions to integrate have the form of radicals, to simplify them
calculations considering u = u (x), a substitution is made
trigonometric that are presented in the following cases:

Page 12 | 20
Now, to focus more on our topic which is function modeling.
applying the definite integral using GeoGebra software, we
we will raise the following issues:

2.4 Problems with function modeling:

A car descending a road has a speed given by

−t
miles
v(t)= 60− e10 . Find the distance traveled from t=1 hour to
hour
t=6 hours.

• The total distance traveled in the time interval , would

[ be]

b
v(t)dt
a

• Therefore, replacing the values and evaluating in the interval1.6: [ ]

6 −t
60− e dt
10

• Resolving:

6 −t
60− e dt 10

1
6 6 −t
60dt− e dt 10

1 1

• Developing

6
60dt
1

60t
• Developing
Page 13 | 20
 First we do

−t
u=
10

b) According to what we derived 'u'

−t
u=
10
−1
you= dt
10
−10du= dt
−1
c) We evaluate at "u" when t=1, it u=
would be
10
−6−3
We evaluate at 'u' when t=6, it u= be =
would
10 5
It would remain:
−3
5
eu(−10du)
−1
10
−3
5
−10e you
u

−1
10
• Now replacing it remains:
6 6 −t
60dt− e dt 10

1 1

−3
6 5
60 tons+10eu you
1 −1
10

Page 14 | 20
• Now we evaluate the integrals
−3
6 5
60t+10e you
u

1 −1
10
−3 −1
60(6)− 60(1)+10(e − e )
5 10

360− 60+10(−0.356
300−3.56
296.43

• Now we develop it using GEOGEBRA

Page 15 | 20
 In early 2005, Facebook had 1 million members. Since
then new members joined at an approximate rate of
m(t)= 3.2t3−12t+10millions of members per year, where t measures time in
years since the beginning of 2005. Use a definite integral to estimate the number
of members from the beginning of the year 2007 until the beginning of the year 2010.

• First, we define the intervals of the integral, let's see:

YEAR 0 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

I have been asked since 2007

until the year 2010; for that reason
thus, it will be evaluated from the
year 2 to year 5
• The interval will be:[2; 5 ]
• The integral would be:

b
m(t)dm
a
5
(3,2t3−12t+10)dt
2
5 5 5
3.2t dt−12tdt+10dt
3

2 2 2

t4 5 t2 5 5
( 3.2 ) − (12 ) +10t
4 2 2 2 2
5424 5222
(3,2)− ) − (12)( − ) +10(5− 2)
4 4 2 2
5424 5222
(3,2)− ) − (12)( − ) +10(5− 2)
4 4 2 2
(3,2)(152.25)− (12)(10.5)+10(3)
487.20 −126+ 30
391.2 million members
Page 16 | 20
• Now we develop it using GEOGEBRA

Page 17 | 20
3. CONCLUSIONES

The study of definite integrals is important in application and resolution

of problems that arise in the development of technology. The calculation
Integral is an indispensable tool in all engineering fields. Calculus
serves as a tool to expedite processes of abstract thinking for
its subsequent application to real-world problems. The systems engineer
must have the ability to analyze problems and the tools
necessary to solve them. The importance of Basic Sciences is the foundation
to be able to interpret, understand, model real problems that arise.
Have a solid foundation in mathematics, physics, and chemistry among other subjects.

will allow for better performance as systems engineers. The Engineer of

systems need to know all the fundamentals of the sciences because of the
the job market is very broad and varied, so it can range from a
company to a research physics laboratory. The integral calculation is
it is necessary to know it to understand how some parts of the
computer, especially the hardware and also for development of
some types of software, the engineer should not simply stick to the
theoretical concepts learned in class, but also to expand them to
find applications in which they can be useful.

Page 18 | 20
REFERENCES

Antonio Rey Roque. (2020). Proposal for the sequencing of content of

Integral Calculus for the degree in Computer Science Engineering. Series
Scientific Journal of the University of Computer Sciences, 13(11), 65–83.

González, k. (June 5, 2017). Prezi. Retrieved from [Link]

uc9hkef2- xy/applications-of-integral-calculus-in-engineering/

EcuRed. (August 8, 2011). EcuRed. Obtained from

[Link]

The definite integral - hiru. (n.d.). [Link]. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from
[Link]

(N.d.). [Link]. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from

[Link]
It is traditionally attributed to Seki, of rectangular shape.
Signed up for it. Hermite (v.), rational factors
multiple quadratic roots.

Page 19 | 20
 TEAM PERFORMANCE

Surnames and names Very bad Bad Regular Good Very good
Gabriel de Jesús Córdova Ríos x
Moreto Cave Roberto Junior x
Girón Avendaño Pharis x
Guarnizo Raymundo Thomas Javier x
System of Andrés Pasache x
Palma Acosta Ángel Leonardo Gabriel x

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