Understanding Sequences and Progressions
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Sequences and Progressions
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A sequence is called a set of numbers arranged one after another.
a1, a2, a3,..., an 3, 6, 9,..., 3n
The numbers to1, a2, a3The terms of the sequence are called terms, the subscript indicates the position that the term occupies in the
succession. The general term is anIt is a criterion that allows us to determine any term of the sequence.
Exercise 1.- Complete with the requested term
1.- (ana)3=
2.- (bn) = (1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ...) b7=
3.- (cn) = (3n + 5) c4=
4.- (dn) = (3n2- 2) d5=
Arithmetic Progression.-An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers such that each one of them (except for the
first) is equal to the previous one plus a fixed number called difference represented by d.
8, 3, -2, -7, -12, ...
3 - 8 = -5 -2 - 3 = -5 -7 - (-2) = -5 -12 - (-7) = -5, then d = -5.
General Term of an Arithmetic Progression.
1. If we know the 1st term.- an = a1(n - 1) · d
8,3,-2,-7,-12,..
a n = 8 +(n-1) (-5) = 8 -5n +5 = =-5n + 13
2. If we know the value of any other term in the progression an = ak+ (n - k) · d
a4= -7 y d= -5
an-7 + (n - 4) · (-5) = -7 - 5n + 20 = - 5 n + 1 3
Exercise 2
1.- An arithmetic progression consists of 50 terms, if the first one is 91 and the difference between them is -
3. What is the value of the last term?
2.- An arithmetic progression consists of 15 terms, which relate to each other by 0.5 and the last term is
8. What is the value of the first term?
In an arithmetic progression, if the first term is -6 and the last is 30, how many terms does it contain?
progression?
4.- An arithmetic progression starts with the number 2 and ends with 4, if it has 6 terms. What is the series?
numeric?
5.- In a progression if a3= 5 y a10= 61, what is the value of the first term and the difference between the terms of the
succession
6.- In a progression if a9= 4 y a15= 13, what is the value of the first term and the difference between the terms of the
succession.
7.- In a progression if a10= 17 and to13= 23, what is the value of the first term, what is the formation rule of this series
Sum of consecutive terms of an Arithmetic Progression
Calcular la suma de los primeros 5 términos de la progresión : 8, 3, -2, -7, -12, ...
Exercise 3
1.-Calculate the sum of the first seven terms of the arithmetic progression (an) = ( -4, 1, 6, 11, 16, ...)
2.-Calculate the sum of the first 4 terms of the sequence (an) = (3n - 1)
3.- What is the sum of the first 100 natural numbers?
4.- Marco, Ana, José, and Eva are siblings who are each 3 years apart from the next. Their ages sum up to 38 years.
Knowing that José is 11 years old and that the order in which the names are given is from youngest to oldest, would you be able to say
the age of each one of them?
Geometric Progression.- A geometric progression is a sequence of numbers such that,
Each term is obtained by multiplying the previous one by a fixed amount r, called the ratio.
=
n-1
If we have the sequence: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ...
6
3
=2
12
6
=2
Reason =
24
=2
12
48
{ 24 = 2
General Term of a Geometric Progression.
1. If we know the 1st term.- an = a1· rn-1
3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ..
an= 3· 2n-1= 3· 2n · 2-1= 3 / 2 . 2 n
2. If we know the value of any other term of the progression an= ak· rn-k
a4= 24, k=4 and r=2.
an = a4· rn-4
an= 24· 2n-424 times 2n.24(24/16) · 2n= 3 / 2 . 2 n
Exercise 4.-
1.- The succession (an) = (12, 48, 192, 768, ...) is a geometric progression, and its ratio is r = ?
2.- The succession (an) = (20, 40, 60, 80, ...) is a geometric progression and its ratio is r = ?
3.- Complete the values in the following sequences
23, … , 575
3 , 3√3, … , 9√3
21,…… ,…… , 567
-2,…… ,…… ,…… , -4 802
4.- From the series ton= (5, 10, 20, 40, ...), cual es el primer termino, su razon, y su ley de formacion
5.- From the series (bn) = (2, 3.4, 5.78, 9.826, ...) , cual es el primer termino, su razon, y su ley de formacion.
6.- With the terms of the series, a3= 80, a5= 1 280, cual es el primer termino, su razon, y su ley de formacion.
7.- With the terms of the series, a4= 18, a6= 162, represent the complete series.
Sum of consecutive numbers in increasing order
Calculate the sum of the first 5 terms of the progression: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ...
Sum of consecutive numbers in decreasing order
Calculate the sum of the terms of the unlimited decreasing geometric progression:
Exercise 5.-
1.- Calculate the sum of the first five terms of the geometric progression (an) = ( 1, 7, 49, ...)
2.- Calculate the sum of the first 4 terms of the sequence (an) = (3 · 2n − 1 )
3.- Calculate the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric progression (an) = (5 · 3n − 1 )
Exercise 6.-
1.- Eight piles of books are to be arranged so that in the first pile there are 2 books, and in each of them two.
more than in the previous one. How many books do you want to place in total?
2.- Calculate the sum of all the even 3-digit numbers.
A colonel in charge of a platoon of 820 soldiers wants to arrange them in a triangle such that the
The first row has 1 soldier, the second 2, the third 3, and so on. How many rows will be formed?
4.- A pentagon with a perimeter of 40 cm has its sides in arithmetic progression. Knowing that the largest side
It is 12 cm, would you know what the measurement of the shorter side is?
5.- The church bell of Juan's village rings every hour, striking as many times as the hour indicates.
In addition, it strikes every half hour. It indicates the number of chimes it gives throughout the day.
6.- It is known that the number of bacteria in a laboratory grows each day according to the formula u.n= 4n-1, where n
It represents the number of days, according to this, how many bacteria were initially experimented with, and how many exist afterward.
30 days after starting the crop.
7.- A stack of logs is formed by placing 15 logs on the floor, 14 on top of these, then 13, and so on.
successively until only 1 log is left. How many logs are there in the pile?
8.- Find the sum of the multiples of 7 that are greater than 100 and less than 200
A father plans to deposit $1 in his child's first year and double the previous amount as his child grows.
celebrating years. How much should he deposit when his son turns 20 years old.
10.- What is the result of the sum of 3/10 + 3/100 + 3/1000 + 3/10000 + ........