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Banker’s Algorithm Explained: Deadlock Avoidance

Banker's Algorithm is a deadlock avoidance method that ensures resource requests do not lead to unsafe states by checking future resource needs. It calculates a Need Matrix and generates a Safe Sequence to determine if processes can be executed without deadlock. The algorithm successfully found a safe sequence for the given resource allocation, confirming that the system is in a safe state.

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8 views3 pages

Banker’s Algorithm Explained: Deadlock Avoidance

Banker's Algorithm is a deadlock avoidance method that ensures resource requests do not lead to unsafe states by checking future resource needs. It calculates a Need Matrix and generates a Safe Sequence to determine if processes can be executed without deadlock. The algorithm successfully found a safe sequence for the given resource allocation, confirming that the system is in a safe state.

Uploaded by

smdraiyan20
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Bankers Algorithm

significance of Banker’s Algorithm (Theory Part)

Banker’s Algorithm is a deadlock avoidance algorithm that ensures resource requests are granted
only if they do not lead the system into an unsafe state. The OS checks future resource needs before
allocating resources. It allows maximum utilization of resources while guaranteeing system safety.

It works by:
✔ calculating Need Matrix
✔ comparing Need with Available resources
✔ generating Safe Sequence if possible

If a safe sequence exists → NO deadlock


If not → Resource request must be denied

Numerical Problem Solution

Available Resources:
A = 10, B = 5, C = 7

Process Allocation (A B C) Maximum (A B C)

P0 010 753

P1 200 322

P2 302 902

P3 211 222

Step 1 → Calculate Need Matrix

Need = Max – Allocation

Process Max Alloc Need

P0 753 010 743

P1 322 200 122

P2 902 302 600

P3 222 211 011


Step 2 → Apply Banker’s Algorithm to find Safe Sequence

Initial Available = (10, 5, 7)

Check who can execute:

Process Need Available Can Run?

P3 0 1 1 ✔ Yes First

→ After P3 finishes:

Available = Alloc(P3) + Available = (2,1,1) + (10,5,7) = (12,6,8)

Next:

Process Need Current Available Can Run?

P1 1 2 2 ✔ Yes

→ Available = (12,6,8) + (2,0,0) = (14,6,8)

Next:

Process Need Can Run?

P0 7 4 3 ✔ Yes

→ Available = (14,6,8) + (0,1,0) = (14,7,8)

Finally:

Process Need Can Run?

P2 6 0 0 ✔ Yes

→ Available = (14,7,8) + (3,0,2) = (17,7,10)

Safe Sequence Found:

P3 → P1 → P0 → P2
✔ System is in SAFE STATE
No deadlock

Final Conclusion

✔ All processes can finish


✔ Banker’s Algorithm prevents entering unsafe states
✔ Hence current system configuration is SAFE

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