CHAPTER
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PART 1:INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEER & SOCIETY
OBJECTIVE
To understand the development of engineering.
To study ethic’s perception and organisation
RAR 2
INTRODUCTION
Engineering has evolved and developed as practical art and a
profession over more than 50 centuries.
Historical studies of engineering teach us respect for the past and its
achievement.
The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans
devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel.
Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of
engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful
tools and objects.
3
ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS
UNIQUE
Only product specifically dedicated to the
commercial market
AUTHENTIC
DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING IN
SOCIETY
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
• Engineering is the application of SCIENTIFIC and
MATHEMATICAL principles, along with experience, judgement
and common sense, to practical purposes of the design,
analysis and operation of structures, machines and systems.
• While science allows us to gain an understanding of the world
and the universe, engineering enables this understanding to
come to life through problem solving, designing and building
things.
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
The Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology (ABET) defines engineering as
“the profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by study,
experience, and practice is applied with judgment to
develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials
and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 8
BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
Engineering is an art
• Aesthetics as well as function
found in the many marvels of
engineering, both ancient and
modern, is an engineering genius
in the form of art.
• Engineers are the ones who make
architects’ dreams come true.
Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
Engineering is an
approximation
• The mathematics of engineering
system are often used to solve
engineering problems.
• There are many solutions. The
aim is to arrive at a good solution,
which is a creative activity that
requires imagination and
decision-making.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
Engineering is about
measurement, estimation
and projection
• Water contamination, noise and
vibration from transport, air
quality, traffic volume, river flow,
etc. are just some of the many
useful parameters studied by
engineers.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
Engineering is about
modelling and simulation
• By using technological
advancements such as software
applications, validation and
verification of an engineering
analysis are performed through
modelling and simulation.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
Engineering is about
communication and
delivery
• Producing technical reports,
delivering presentations and
dealing with people (employers,
colleagues, clients, and the
general public) are all
fundamental to engineering
practice.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
Engineering is about
innovation
• New devices, material selection
and viable processes are
developed by engineers to meet
the requirement that existing
technology do not address.
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ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS
4
MESOPOTAMIA EGYPTIAN GREEK ROMANS
Contributions of the Greek Contributions of the Romans
Contributions of the Egyptian Beginning at 600 BC Beginning at 450 BC
Beginning at 200- BC Advance in art, literature and Hydraulic cement
Surveying – using rope philosophy Construction machine –
Irrigation system – dykes, canals and The Pharos of Alexandria – first pile drivers, treadmill hoist,
drainage system lighthouse wooden bucket wheels
Pyramids – by Imhotep as a burial place Tunnel – 3300 long foot tunnel
Wheeled cart – first appear at the
land of Tigris and Euphrates River
Canals, temples and city wall –
Sumerian people 15
ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS
ENGINEERING IN MIDDLE AGES
• From 500 BC to 1500 BC Castle – to protect properties
• Gothic cathedrals –
• the lightest, most daring skeleton stone
construction
Labor saving devices – windmill, water mills, water wheels
China – gunpowder, development of making paper
processes, iron
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ENGINEERING IN MIDDLE AGES
-CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION MEASUREMENT OF
DISTANCE AND SIZE OF PLANET TIME AND CALENDAR DETERMINATION
ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY
-ENGINEER TITLE - THUS THE PERSON WHO CREATED OR DESIGNED
ENGINES OF WAR -- BATTERING RAMS, CATAPULTS, ASSAULT TOWERS,
AND THE LIKE -- CAME TO BE KNOWN AS THE "INGENIATOR" OR
"ENGINE-ER".
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ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
From 1300 – 1750 AD Canal building – invention of canal lock, introduce by
Advancement in transportation and Italian architect-engineer
communication Networks of canal-constructed throughout Europe
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MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
1980 – Manufacturing (world largest 1991 – KL Tower
1985 – Penang Bridge
semiconductor manufacturer) 1993 – Sunway Lagoon Suspension
1983 – PROTON (first national car) Bridge
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
1995 - Putrajaya 1998 – Stadium Nasional Bukit
1998 – KLIA
Jalil
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
1999 - Sepang International 1999 – PUTRA LRT
1999 – Petronas Twin Tower
Circuit
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
2003 – Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu 2006 – Iskandar Malaysia 2007 – ZEO Building
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
2008- Crystal Mosque 2010- Tuanku Mizan Zainal 2012- Malaysia Lego Land
Abidin Mosque (Iron Mosque)
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
2012- Sabah Convention Centre PROTON X50 MRT
ETHIC'S PERCEPTION AND ORGANISATION
ETHICS
• Ethic is the study of the morality of human actions. It is
the science of determining values in human conduct
and of deciding what ought to be done in different
circumstances and situations.
• Major areas of study in ethics include:
• Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and
reference of moral propositions and how their truth
values may be determined;
• Normative ethics, about the practical means of
determining a moral course of action;
• Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be
achieved in specific situations; eg. Engineering Ethics
(futher discussion on Chapter 3)
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INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
Engineers rarely work as lone individuals; we generally work in teams.
Therefore, we need a set of interaction rules outlining the expected sets
of behavior between the engineer, other individuals, and society as a
whole.
Interaction rules can be classified as etiquette, law, morals, and ethics
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INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
• Etiquette
• rules of acceptable personal behavior and
courtesy when interacting with others in a
social setting.
• Addresses such issues as how many forks to
place on the dinner table, proper dress at
weddings, seating arrangements, and
invitations to parties.
• In engineering, proper etiquette is
manifested by showing proper respect to
employers and clients, not embarrassing
colleagues, answering the phone in a
professional manner, and so forth.
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INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
• Laws
• a system of rules and punishments clearly
defined and established by a society to
maintain a safe and orderly social
environment.
• violations of law carry penalties such as
imprisonment, fines, community service,
death, dismemberment, or banishment.
Each society has its own consequences
for law violations.
• Example of law in engineering :
Registration of Engineers Act 1967 of
Malaysia stipulates that all engineers
including graduate engineers shall
register with BEM to take up an
employment as a Graduate Engineer.
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INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
• Morals
• personal rules of right and wrong behavior
derived from a person’s upbringing, religious
beliefs, and societal influences.
• Moral are derive from our parents, religious
background, friends, and the media.
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INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
• Ethics
• a code or system of rules defining moral
behavior for a particular society.
• Most professional societies have a
formal code of ethics to guide their
members.
• Code of ethics for engineer by BEM
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
Aerospace Engineering Biomedical Engineering
• Deals with the research, design,
• Deals with the application of engineering
development, construction,
testing, science and technology methods and techniques can solve
of aircraft. problems in medicine and the life
sciences.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
Chemical Engineering Computer Engineering
• Deals with the design and
• Deals with the use of chemical prototyping of computing
and biological processes to hardware and software.
produce useful materials or
substances.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
Electrical Engineering Electronics Engineering
• Deals with the production of
• Deals with the large-scale smaller electronic circuits, such as
production and supply of those used in computers.
electrical power.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering
• Deals with the design,
• Deals with assessing and minimising manufacturing and maintenance
the adverse environmental effects of of mechanical systems.
engineering projects and services.
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BFC 32202 – ENGINEERS & SOCIETY
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING
Metallurgical Engineering Resource Engineering
• Deals with the development and
• Deals with the extraction of efficient use of natural resources
metals from ores and their and the management of
subsequent processing to environment in rural areas.
marketable products.
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COMPARISON BETWEEN BEM AND IEM
RAR 39
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