EEC-503: Eleccal Measmout
Niadiemet is thu uotsas by wu
necou cont physical paamts
to meaningful numbel
mognitude4
om wstrumt uading.
Accusay- oseness uuth lic
being
bþimche t e ualue-ot the vaiabla
mealad.
to wlid
Pacii-Itis a mia2 the dga ansttu
Successiue meauuemots &tees
to achaugeinput e measueol
the'ntwnent
uaeiae.
Resout -Smaust change meased val ue to
which he intrumeut will respond.
ErrorDeiaion from the true value ofthet measureol
variabl e
Metacdse- asuleinat
(ODiset NeHd: Th wutnmon tuautty diuctty
comyaled cgaut a laudaed. Reqult keþased as
aniudl nunbe and a unit. Diset metheds
quanies ilce wngt, mass , t we.
.
and pachcal- Direct methos
adwcey pAribles deaide wed. Tn Engg
Apblceliond maa1omout Suste ae wed weich
egue ncet easuenents.
#Mechomical,Elactzical 2 Eletaonie
Tutaut
) Intelligert Instrumeuts: CRo, DSO, EC ete
"Eeuial olemotte ae:
(2Dnb Tnstomet: Ameter, y6lrmetes ete
(0)A detector Syte:
() A lntermediate tranetee deuice # Funcisnal eamuti ot i
atoage deule.
(i) An ivdicatos, ieozdes oR a
Block Diagauu
’ lasiicaion a ivgtromentk:
1 Absolute Instuments: These inat geinagnitude o
meUAemont tn ten o phyial Vaiaba |vaiata Dota Data
the quanity. wnda to lee
Qunsind cosu manip
contaut of he çnsthnut measue elemedt elemed -jSsiGn -attnt
2 seonday Ingt: These inat se cntruched uch that ed klemrt
quantit being measeed cauoy
e maweod y
the
shsruing Data CorditAng
empalisu wuth an Elemet
These iwt ae cali boeted y " Type of Jnstumt
seondary jnt
absolt ju strunet on noher
cguint alseute ist
hilh as already caliboael 2
Nguing Luon
3. Eactdynamentev
4- Hot ie
Nal Tye
[Link]
6. Lncucoq AC
highn thau that ot dorctou
macwtement undé + aectaic
Thu s uacaule
aiboald uith |dmane canlitions
fing hect hign duect cuyxeut
kelbq storba whiih
haue OPMMC: (MMC tyne an be wd tre
measwrens enly
Cunent medsunat
enyarcd wwth auetton tle (3)Eeton.
ihstmout
the tue a
betuen the maaed nae and
Thanal Ts haue te adnte hattha
d-pat ulosl suted or AC mcasmet Since wia t
atoluto stac
alo caleol the quau
duantag
6As ueltrdi, olects etatic inmt. haue
[Link]
that ttoie {tucrcnbtion is
Cam be made to Ca a abseate etattic
tohoe ubetancald acoutaey.
Chnd can be Cotstucted
At
Cntnete)
At= Am
I+Er
Standald t o asuseett At= An-JA
=Am-E=Am - At
Rel No | 4 0 -t t j a s , EuF ,esistauee ab ti tac 9 Eoil kmall j
>whnte
meaied
outerena betueen
it mae that he
yalue''s Amal ir <cI .
wutte
Deadline i let uek of Septedaef. what todo? thon ean ) can be
wee centt At= Anli-Er)
itth uhich an
in o m t
thu osene
h u a y i - Itiu
quamtty to ba meosa may uae the quanithy beng.
asbaches the hue
"Tue Value :t Lnalua an oeaaing meas
dtinad a' the aueeage of
nneasemt
measuled. Tuus accueay
st a
be ootained
m e a u s n t - u e e hen
teungg
intnte mumea Congont to he deu
tacs ds to zaQo.
oleiation duet uars ortbibuang nly at oMe
et om intam acuracy
"Psint AccUacy'- [Link] on ot tnis
Puiut n'n Tha
a duoes n t qiue omy intomation abut tne accaay at
the poits the Scale.
hen instent has wniform scale it acouay As = neinal'auL.
may be erpUd
4) Pas iM:
Eis a measure of the oduca bilty ot themeant bnitng ualus AsCItE) *
paciio s a A =As t &A = As tErAs =
agemut thin agrp
meoms leal l foR we haue
oasuements. Thë torm pocise
As= j00_Le SA =+1a
Srorty ditinad'. &A
ad Anayyis As
# Eus in Measuemaut and theii tatici
te duialtoL om
Man, actus has to seecty [Link] imt a
moninal uae sa paua and imh ng uaa neStanca au:
as
thee dewictons tom the sbecik,d vale ae dutne
guaartees th
ue can say that he moutactu aceuaey I
poErises Bhat the in thetem ho O: A0-(soV walteta has aquereutel
meaued by tu
reata han the limit set. *ull sale reading The wotage
moninal ualua Aa
owd
iustaumaut [Link] tu Jining
is
Magnidude og quanttyhoing
b e t ythe
limits As-
mh a e a masnituda Aa SA A -At = ErAt.
SA= As
As
4 i s defined as the ato o the
Rlat e CFfactonal) 3(Ho02)
D to the ecHd magritudo o aquontriy Thaee
As As
Cemlnaitn e Suauhhes ath diuittng Smr: (iD) Sum o outterena ot moYe th
on 2quan
ie quamti iese ach hauing.
hen 2 a [Link] harungaolimitdig thn latne
(1A ae tombined,t is aduawtaseow t be imiting
oe13 31
asth 13
Sum t 22 [Link]
be the tind
(v) Psasbuco 2comptneuti
is giou b
the seltna ineeyt g the tuciom
dlui+2) =d1 t-d2
Di wt';
the Qemponent quantilies -
X
[Link] erse in 1X is Rlatua tiniting
(Quoiet:
letX-L
the Ratu 222
dx - d(-12)
81 yyeo = 5/
162 measg u
foud y
0- The Ros dacktis
henee RLE in Xis -
2)
2-Systemahc EsL
vi)Cmpesis totou: 3 Raucom Ersl
(poralax ect
mirror utectoy
X 2
0. 23 oeesiAtances hauthe foloung ti'ugs
Detuemne magitude ot
R3= 50ts
n Series.
31s tso
PMMC (Psmansu Magnet Mauig
R3 5ot [Link] Mafl62
Sping ognts tss a xestoiung Ceniela
* Nagrt Sytons: Na4nt matal ke tNiCo -Lkas
tuuo
Contl: obotod btueeu
jwlled [Link] c t e tog As
aatacicu i oueck-. ebioc to cuxtiut paáa
qut a uifen
haisurirg cuseut naud Gut
The ngs also ewe to laaol auge milll-ammetl
’ n mico-humetoas oud law.
oiing tl: This is
miayrad u seuttuugh ttu
meuemat a u a cwreEtleads to
Doubing bogue s pnduced ty
mbng in the becouse iwtunat spings
thi otminium tomer
-’ Fo ltaher curek,usually abeue 2b nut the
"Pointi ond scle curent arounc the
MoVing coil is Shunted to bypass
Lpírolle
:Pot ntea is Caned uy the coil and the spring
folloung data
QCalc. tu Std. dauiaion for the
Xy44-6,s
I|z44-t ) X2=|,3-50-2,
ugoy cornueteo to t
S.D=(-14+0-|6+03 0-24+D-J3
di= 0-14
4
21/9l2s PMMC
Toxque Equclrn d3=-036=0-3
dy 0:2y
o a galuasneee ds-o14
Dele ltng tuqu Td= NB Ldz.-bI )
SD 052 (ts).
# Mouing Tra Ireteumete
dn egied procu ce
NMnad. Demine the no-
N|2d
may be dluued by utut
when t u a mal çucemut in h¢inA
utped to the inatumut
jnstun . th ttis
d= uall :ci 'do no Som
t uull be a
cloe
mchocal w k uall b
I5X|b5A
tqu
lot Ta be ho dtchra
= Td do
. Mechacd wse dae
aSmall ehange ne g
Aong Side this wull be
ouing to chau
Mag. Field oine
Stoted in the [Link]
x3-14
G= ke = 0-14x/D
lvouctace.
5x1D-3 X 2
intsumeut
Sypo jnitat cwzeut uT he
incuctoCe L Cmd deciCn &. It coront
incuoyes by dI tieu dylectnt on changes ae
&= NBld omd incluctonce by dL
Clemet dI nthec o u t
Ih oode to etect an. in
assllee usltepe
|-9x(DxISXlD-xd thee ust be oni inoeaje in te
quucn by ed( =lci' +Idl
dt
N =0:439x1p
1-8x1C* Jexd elctrial eneegy sptied i
edt dltILdI i)
' AHacton Tune Cback)
(ItJAI +dI) (rd)L 2
Small
Nagecting nde Hglhee codae teones in
equahins Racial Vone
Co-azial
Vome Tye
LTLt 2LAI +LAJ?+Tdl+21dTaL)
a eistnee
A mauing csil udtmet gives G 20°. heu a
20 Gues
207mx25mm anc is wouad
moung-l has dim s
Speeo eneegy uth jo0 terms. The contael btne cstout u
Electul hcgy gled =incceasein
+[Link] 0-32SxIp And tta
T2dLtRd. ILaItdtTacd9. is cue to col
inatumet'sioue
4 So%
Td-I?ddo wirding
ptuiclso witth cato issigs
niy ysim is dateuctng
tims the toigue TaA balatet R=20
.T=Td
A= 2 X30mm2
A
is
Heuce tte dylection
SQuae othe
R G H e a l to
k=D32sxjo
2 k do
=NBldJ
wideectol
ditlecivg tegue is thecfoe X3
nay 61
y (actt msaw dieeetton) whateee ISmA
5x]o3
Taomse Intinetr
L3042o
95X Jo-3
B = 0-2x)p
40mm
cal uotmete s
tums ou t
wide omol hasbD
exut ege 24DLo4 Nm M-nutual incluceuce blw d
The cot Spris fuz i ntag is
Y=iijtMiz
=l2 = Mi
tho Col togue liot
mwt be utn ois wuth Eleckical mut sug: e-d/dt
Mi)
àjd Cyi, +Miztiz d(izle t ti;dlz
uydi+ii di tij Ndzt,2d Mt i2la di,
stad u the Neg:Fld
2
2 2
s|Mdizis Mditl,i2 dy
at Anal steady ollechon peHor
I dM =k&
Totel alectuoip suey =oh ouyc
du Stoed ngy I : t e d y sate
I=
CDc)
K d
Machanica/ eneegy quI-egul
AC osate
Huce, machanial enegy aug. duklechtng
ilectny taque
T
+isdt wha Tis u ine peliod.
d
it i,2 ae te SoSeids! onol ae
Ld= du
Inninat. m, n aut-dlut)
2 J2 2
whe
dt ualue ef wct.
dt tnal steady. tot cond
do
(PMMC
may.
Ateanse insaumet is the one net midi'ain
be cali kea tad uittu Dc 2 used ueithot
Wwth AC:
ntuuta to aue
This sequs te toonuke t o
-emouns
e-poíuteL