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UNCLE T ELITE TUTORS

(RC NO. 6954504)
SUITE 10, DANMARNA PLAZA @ DANMARNA FILLING STATION BY POLICE
SIGNBOARD LUGBE ABUJA
08037519763, 09072217042, 08024500339
PHYSICS REVISION QUESTIONS ON WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT
WAVES GENERALLY
1. A string is sustaining wave when a. the frequency of the wave is not proportional to the wave length of the wave b. the
amplitude of vibration is always zero c. two equal waves are travelling in opposite directions d. the waves are longitudinal e.
the frequency is directly proportional to the length of the string
2. If the wavelength of a wave travelling with a velocity of 360 ms-1 is 60 m, the period of the wave is a. 6s b. 3.6 s c.
0.17 s d. 0.61 s e. 3 s
3.
For the wave motion represented in fig 9 the wavelength is given by a. p b. q
c. r d. s e. t
4. Any line or section through an advancing wave in which all the particles are in
the same phase is called the a. wave length b. wave crest c. wave trough d.
wave amplitude e. wave front
5. The following types of waves are all traverse EXCEPT
a. light waves b. radio waves c. sound waves d. surface waves on water e. X-rays
6.
The wave motion shown (fig. 3) has a frequency of a.
0.1Hz b.0.2 Hz c. 5 Hz d. 10 Hz e. 100 Hz
7. Longitudinal waves do not exhibit a. refraction b. reflection c. diffraction e.
polarization e. rarefaction
8. Ripples on water are similar to light waves in that they both a.
have the same wavelength b. are longitudinal c. cannot be reflected d. travel at
the same speed e. can be refracted and diffracted
9. When vibration occurs in an air column, the distance between a node and an antinode is equal to a. one-quarter of the wave
length b. one-half of the wave length c. the wave length d. twice the wave length e. four times the wave length
10. A wave of frequency 10 Hz forms a stationary wave pattern in a medium where the velocity is 20 cm s-1. The distance
between adjacent node is a. 1.0 cm b. 1.5cm c. 2.0 cm d. 5.0 cm
11. A wave has frequency of 2 Hz and a wavelength of 30cm. The velocity of the wave is a. 60.0 ms-1
b. 6.0 ms-1 c. 5.0 ms-1 d. 0.6 ms-1
12. A boat at anchor is rocked by waves whose crests are 100m apart and whose velocity of the wave is 25ms-1 . At what
intervals does the wave crest reach the boat? a. 2500.00 s b. 75.00 s c. 4.00s d. 0.25 s
13.
The diagram above shows two waveforms X(bold) and Y. if the frequency of x is 30Hz, what is
the frequency of Y? a. 12 Hz b. 15Hz c. 60Hz d. 75Hz
14. Which of the following properties is/are commands of waves? I. Diffraction ii.
Refraction iii. Interference a. I only b. III only c. I and III only d. I, II and III only

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15. A vibrator of frequency 60 Hz is used in generating transverse stationary waves in a long thin wire. If the average distance
between successive nodes on the wire is 45cm. find the speed of the transverse waves in the wire. a. 27 ms-1 b. 54
-1 -1 -1
ms c. 90 ms d. 108 ms
16. A wave disturbance travelling in air enters a medium in which its velocity is less than that in air. Which of the following
statements is true about the wave in the medium? A. both the frequency of the wave and the wavelength are decreased b.
the frequency of the wave is decreased while the wavelength is increased c. The frequency of the wave is unaltered while the
wavelength is decreased d. the frequency of the wave is decreased while the wavelength is unaltered.
17. The equation of a wave Y = 0.005 sin x (0.5x – 200t) where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds. What is the velocity of
the wave? A. 4000 m s-1 b. 400 m s-1 c. 250 c s-1 d. 40 m s-1
18. Which of the following characteristics of a wave is used in the measurement of the depth of the sea?
A. diffusion b. interference c. Refraction d. Reflection
19. Determine the distance between the consecutive antinodes if the wavelength is 60 cm. a. 15cm
b. 30 cm c. 60 cm d. 120 cm
20. Which of the following waves can propagate through a vacuum? A. high velocity sound waves b. ultrasonic
waves c. acoustic waves d. infra-red waves
21. The equation of a transverse wave travelling along a string is given by y= 0.3 sin (0.5 x – 50t) where y and x are in cm and t
is in seconds. Find the maximum displacement of the the particles from the equilibrium position
a. 50.0cm b. 2.5 cm c. 0.5 cm d. 0.3 cm
22. Which of the following is the exclusive property of a transverse wave? A. diffraction b. refraction c. compression
d. polarization
23. Ripples on water and light waves are similar because both a. have the same frequency b. can be refracted and
diffracted c. are longitudinal waves d. have the same velocity
24. The diagram beside shows two wave forms P and Q at a particular instance of time. The two waves will interfere

a. destructively to produce a wave of a lager amplitude b. destructively to produce a

wave of a smaller amplitude c. constructively to produce a wave of a larger amplitude d. constructively to produce a wave of
a smaller amplitude
25. A steel wire of length 0.50 m is stretched between two fixed points and its fundamental frequency is 200 Hz. The speed of
the wave in the wire is a. 100.0 ms-1 b. 120.0 ms-1 c. 200.0 ms-1 d. 250.0 ms-1
26. In a resonance tube experiment, if the fundamental frequency of the vibrating air column is 280 Hz, the frequency of the
third overtone is a. 70Hz b. 840Hz c. 1120Hz d. 1960Hz
27. The equation of a wave travelling along the positive x- direction is given by y = 0.25 x 10-3 sin (500t – 0.0025x). determine
the angular frequency of the wave motion a. 0.25 x 10-3 rad s-1 b. 0.25 x 10-1 rad s-1 c. 5.00 x 102 rad s-1 d. 2.50 x
3 -1
10 rad s
28. The diagram below represents a transverse electromagnetic wave travelling with speed 3.0 x 108 ms-1. What is the
frequency of the wave?
A. 3.0 x 107 Hz b. 9.0 x 107 Hz c. 1.0 x 109 Hz d. 3.0 x 109 Hz
29. I. coherence II. Same frequency III. Same wavelength IV. Same intensity
Which of the conditions above are necessary to produce interference fringes?
A. I, II and III b. I and III c. I, II and IV d. II and III
30. One end of a long wire is fixed while a vibrator is attached to the other end. When the vibrator is energized, the types of
waves generated in the wire are a. stationary and transverse b. progressive and transverse c. stationary and
longitudinal d. progressive and longitudinal
31. A travelling wave moving from left to right has an amplitude of 0.15m, a frequency of 550 HZ and a wavelength of 0.01 m.
The equation describing the wave is a. y= 0.15 sin 200π (x – 5.5t) b. y= 0.15 sin π (0.01x – 5.5t) c. y=
0.15 sin 5.5π (x – 200t) d. y= 0.15 sin π (550 x – 0.01t)

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32. A transverse wave is applied to a string whose mass per unit length is 3 x 10-2 kgm-1. If the string is under a tension of 12
N, the speed of propagation of the wave is a. 40 m s-1 b. 30 m s-1 c. 20 m s-1 d. 5 m s-1
33. Vibration in a stretched spring cannot be polarized because they are a. transverse waves b. mechanical waves c.
stationary
34. If tension is maintained on a stretched string of length 0.6 m, such that its fundamental frequency of 220 Hz is excited,
determine the velocity of the transverse wave in the string a. 66 m s-1 b. 132 m s-1 c. 264 m s-1 d. 528 m s-1
35. The refractive index of the medium M in the diagram below is

a. 1/√3 b. 2/√3 c. √3 d. 2/√3

36. The property that is propagated in a travelling wave is a. amplitude b. energy c. wavelength d. frequency
37. Which of the following is a characteristic of stationary waves? A. The antinode is a point of minimum displacement b.
the distance between two successive node is one wavelength c. They are formed by two identical waves travelling in opposite
directions d. They can be transverse or longitudinal
38. The phase difference between waves P and Q in the diagram below is

a. 2π b. π c. π/4 d. π/2
39. i. wavelength ii. medium of propagation iii. wave length iv. Frequency v. Energy which of the above are used for
characterizing waves? A. I, ii and iv b. I and iv c. I, iii and iv d. iii, iv and v
40. Transverse waves can be distinguished from longitudinal waves using the characteristic of a. Diffraction b.
refraction c. polarization d. reflection
41. Marching soldiers crossing a suspension bridge are usually advised to break their steps to avoid damaging the bridge
owing to a. swinging b. vibration c. oscillation d. resonance
42. The figure below shows a plot of angles of deviation through a glass prism when light is incident at 0 degrees on the
prism. The incident angle that produces the minimum deviation is

a. 25o b. 18o c. 35o d. 20o

43. A progressive wave equation is represented by y= a sin (150 πt- πx/4). If the phase difference of a progressive wave is 45o,
the value of x in the equation is a. 2cm b. 1cm c. 4 cm d. 3cm
44. Displacement
X (cm)
The frequency of the wave in the diagram above is a. 0.25 Hz
b. 1.57 Hz c. 0.17 Hz d. 1.05 Hz
45. A submarine is observed to rise from a real depth of 80 m to 60 m in
water. Calculate the change in apparent depth. (Refractive index of water = 4/3)
a. 45m b. 60 m c. 80 m d. 15 m
46. I. Mass II. Density III. Temperature IV. Nature of substance. Which
of the above affect diffusion? A. I, II, III and IV b. I, and II only c.
I,II and IV only d. II, III and IV only

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47. I. They should be identical II. They should originate from the same source III. They should be coherent IV. They should
be monochromatic.
From the statements above, the conditions for two waves to interfere are a. I, II, III and IV b. I,II and III only c. I, III and IV
only d. II,III and IV only
48. A glass plate 0.9cm thick has a refractive index of 1.50. how long does it take for a pulse of light to pass through the
piate? (c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1) a. 3.0 x 10 -10 s b. 3.0 x 10 -11 s c. 4.5 x 10 -10 s d. 4.5 x 10 -11 s
49. The phenomenon of light bending round an obstacle is a. reflection b. diffraction c. polarization d. refraction
50. Given the progressive wave equation y = 5 sin (2000 π t – 0.4x), calculate the wave length a. 12.4 m b.
15.7 m c. 17.5m d. 18.6 m
51. The fundamental property of a propagating wave which depends only on the source and not the medium of propagation
is the a. wave length b. harmonics c. frequency d. velocity
52.
The above figure shows the motion of a progressive wave along a string. The
particle motion of the medium is in direction a.
o o
parallel to OX b. parallel to OY c. 60 to OX d. 60 to OY
53. An object placed at the bottom of a well full of clear water appears
closer to the surface due to a. diffraction b. reflection c.
refraction d. polarization
54.
The wave phenomenon in the diagram above is a. reflection b. deflection c.
diffraction d. refraction
55. A progressive wave is represented by y = 10 sin (1000 π t – px/3x). Two layers of
the wave separated by 153 cm have a phase difference of a. 270o b. 45o c.
90o d. 180o
56. The wavelength of a wave travelling with a velocity of 420 ms-1 is 42 m. what is its period? A. 0.5
s b. 0.1 s c. 1.2 s d. 1.0 s

ELCTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1. Of the following which is different from the others? A. X-rays b. gamma-rays c. cathode rays d. ultraviolet rays e.
infrared rays
2. Which one of the following types of waves cannot travel through a vacuum? A. sound waves b. light waves c. infra-red
waves d. X-radiation e. Radio waves
3. Radio carrier waves are generated by causing electrons to oscillate rapidly in a. microphone b. a television camera c. an
antenna d. coaxial cables e. a transmitter
4. Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the shortest wave length a. radio waves b. X- rays c.
Infra-red d. Blue light e. ultraviolet
5. Which of the following elements is the best absorber of X-rays? A. hydrogen b. oxygen c. calcium d. copper e. lead
6. Which of the following statements on the use of X-rays are used a. in hospitals to obtain photographs of tissues and bones in
the body b. for the treatment of malignant groths like cancer cells in detecting finger prints d. to reveal hidden flaws in
metals castings and welded joints e. to detect alterations which have been made to works of act
7. Which type of radiation does NOT originate within the nucleus? A. alpha b. beta c. gamma d. neutron e. X-rays
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true of y-rays? A. y-rays to the electromagnetic spectrum b. y-rays do not carry an
electron charge c. y-rays obey the inverse cube law in air d. the thickness of aluminum which stops particles has a negligible
effect on y-radiation e. The difference between y-rays and x-rays is that y-rays originate from energy charges in the nuclei of
atoms, while y-rays come from energy charged associated with the electron structure of atoms.
9. The range of wave lengths of the visible spectrum is 400nm – 700nm. The wavelength of gamma rays is a. longer than
700nm b. shorter than 700nm but longer than 400nm c. 550nm d. shorter than 400nm e. infinite

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10. Radio waves have a velocity of 3 x 108 ms-1. A radio station sends out a broadcast on a frequency of 800 kHz. The wave
length of the broadcast is a. 375.0 m b. 267.0 m c. 240.0 m d. 37.5 m e. 26.7 m
11. Which of the following may be found in light nuclei? I. B-particles II. Protons III. Neutrons IV. ∝-particles
a. I and II b. I and III c. II and IV d. II and III e. I, II and III
12. In which of the following arrangements is the wavelength in an increasing order? A. Gamma rays, infra-red
rays, radiowaves b. Gamma rays, X-rays, infra-red rays, radiowaves c. Radio waves, x-rays, gamma rays, infra-red rays, radio
waves, x-rays, gamma rays
13. The wave length of ultraviolent radiation is 400 nm. If the speed of light in air is 3 x 108 ms-1, then frequency of the
ultraviolent radiation is a. 1.3 x 1015 Hz b. 7.5 x 105 Hz c. 1.2 X 1011 Hz d. 7.5 x 1014 Hz
14. Which of the following is most strongly deflected by a magnetic field? A. y-rays b. ∝-particles c. 𝛽-particles d. x-rays
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE of ultra violet, visible and infra-red rays? A. they are
all electromagnetic waves with the same wave lengths b. ultra-violent rays have shorter wavelengths than infra-red rays and
produce fluorescence c. Infra-red rays have shorter wavelengths than visible light and produce the sensation of heat d. the
wavelengths increase in the sequence visible, ultra-violet, infra-red
16. Which of the following pairs is NOT part of the electromagnetic spectrum? I. Radio waves II. Beta rays III. Gamma rays
IV. Alpha rays a. I and II b. III and IV c. I and III d. II and IV
17. Which of the following arrangements of the components of electromagnetic spectrum is in ascending order to
wavelengths? A. Gamma rays, ultraviolet rays, ex-rays, infra-red ray b. Gamma rays, x-rays , ultraviolet rays, infra-red rays
c. Infra-red rays, ultraviolent rays, x-rays, gamma rays d. Gamma rays, ultra-violet rays, infra-red rays, x-rays
18. The electromagnetic waves that are sensitive to temperature changes are
a. x-rays b. gamma-rays c. ultra-violet rays d. infra-red rays
19. Which of the following are true about infra-red radiation? I. It is invisible II. It is called heat ray III. Its frequency is higher
than that of blue light IV. It travels as a transverse wave a. I, II, III and IV b. I, II and IV only c. I,III and IV only d. II, III
and IV only
20. Which of the following electromagnetic waves is least energetic? A. infra-red rays b. X-rays c. Ultra-violet rays d.
Gamma rays
21. Gamma rays are produced when a. high velocity electrons are abruptly stopped in metals b. energy changes occur
within the nucleus of atoms c. energy changes occur within the electronic structure of atoms d. electrons are deflected in
very strong magnetic fields
22. The electromagnetic wave that can produce a heating effect on the environment is a. Gamma rays b. infrared rays c. x-
rays d. ultraviolet rays
23. X-rays can be used in the study of crystal structures because they a. have a very long-reaching wavelength b. have an
extremely short wavelength c. are invisible d. are very fast
24. The difference between x-rays and gamma rays is that a. x-rays are more penetrating than gamma rays b. x-rays are
electromagnetic radiations while gamma rays are negatively charged radiations c. z-rays have higher frequencies than gamma
rays d. x-rays arise from energy changes in the electronic structure of atoms while gamma rays come from the nucleus
25. Satellite communication network makes use of a. infra-red rays b. sound wave c. visible light d. radio wave
26. One of the properties of gamma rays is that they are a. massive b. neutral c. negatively charged d. positively charged
27. Cancerous cells can be destroyed by a. ultraviolet rays b. alpha particles c. x-rays d. infrared rays
28. Which of the following types of waves needs a medium for propagation? A. radio waves b. x-rays
c. sound waves d. light waves
29. Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the highest frequency? A. infrared-rays
b. x-rays c. ultra-violet rays d. Radio waves

SOUND WAVES
1. A guitar string is 75 cm long. The wavelength of its fundamental note is a. 75 cm b. 150 cm c. 37.5 cm d. 112.5 cm e. 50 cm
2. In a resonance tube experiment which is illustrated in fig 6, the velocity of sound in air is 327.68 m/s, the frequency of the
tuning fork used is therefore

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3. Two boys are communicating with each other stretching a string passing through a hole punched in the
bottom of each of two tin cans. The physical principle employed is that sound travels
a. mainly through air b. faster in stretched string c. faster through gases than in solids and liquids d. with
greater ease through a string than in air e. none of the above is correct
4. A herdsman yelling out to a fellow herdsman heard is voice reflected by a cliff 4 s later. What is the velocity
of sound in air if the cliff is 680 m away? A. 170 ms-1 b. 136 ms-1 c.
-1 -1 -1
340 ms d. 680 ms e. 510 ms

a. 128Hz b. 256 Hz c. 512Hz d. 768 Hz e. 1024Hz

5. Suppose a car, travelling at a uniform speed, sounds it shorn at point Y while
moving towards X in the above figure. Assuming there is no wind, which of the following
observations is correct? A. the man at point X will receive a lower pitch b. the driver at point Y will receive a lower
pitch c. the man at point Z will receive a lower pitch d. the pitch will be the same at points X and Y e. None of the above
6. Which of the following statements about sound is NOT true? A. sound is a longitudinal wave b. sound can be reflected and
refracted like light c. Sound travels through a vacuum d. sound moves faster in a steel wire than air e. sound can only be
produced by vibrating objects
7.
Use the figure beside which shows a stationary wave in a closed tube to answer below question
The relationship between L and the wavelength x of the stationary wave is a. 2L = x b. L= X c. L
= x/3 d. 4L = 3x
8. A man stands one-third of the way between two walls and claps his hands. He hears two distinct echoes 1s apart. If the speed
of sound is 330 ms-1 the distance between the walls is a. 33 m b. 110 m c. 220 m d. 330 m e. 495 m
9. If a source of sound is moving, a stationary listener will hear a sound of different frequency. This is called a. Doppler effect b.
resonance c. ultrasound d. diffraction of sound e. rarefaction
10. All of the following frequencies are overtones of 320 Hz EXCEPT a. 960 Hz b. 640 Hz c. 520 Hz d. 1280 Hz e.
1600 Hz
11. The quality (timbre) of sound depends on a. amplitude b. frequency c. harmonics d. velocity e. wave length
12. The echo of a sounder from the bottom of an ocean is heard 2.5 seconds later. If the speed of sound in water is 1,400 m s-
1, the depth of the ocean is
a. 1,750 m b. 3, 500 m c. 1,400 m d. 2,800 m e. 2,100 m
13. The combination of sound waves with different frequencies is known as a. interference b. diffraction c. superposition
d. forced vibrations e. resonance
14. In a resonance tube experiment (fig 12) the frequency of the tuning fork is 750 Hz and the resonating length of the air
column is 0.m as shown. The velocity of the wave is

a. 1,850ms-1 b. 225 ms-1 c. 300 ms-1 d. 53 x 10-5 ms-1 e. 2,500 ms-1

15. In a resonance tube experiment, a tube of fixed length is closed at one end and several tuning forks of increasing
frequency used to obtain resonance at the open end. If the tuning fork with the lowest frequency which gave resonance had a
frequency f2, find the ratio f2/f1 a. 8 b. 3 c. 2 d. ½ e. 1/3
16. Which of the following is NOT correct? I. The pitch of a sound note depends on the frequency of vibrations II. The
intensity of a sound note is proportional to the amplitude of vibrations III. Beats are produced by two sources of sound
because one wave is travelling faster than the other IV. When two sources of sound of frequency of 2Hz is observed V. the
first harmonic of a note has double the frequency of the fundamental note a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. IV and V

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17. A ship travelling towards a cliff receives the echo of its whistle after 3.5 seconds. A short while later, it receives the echo
after 2.5 seconds. If the speed of sound in air under the prevailing conditions is 250 ms-1, how much closer is the ship to the
cliff? A. 10m b. 125m c. 175 m d. 350 m e. 1,000 m
18. Which of the following statement is (are) NOT correct?
I. pressure changes do not affect the speed of sound in air ii. The velocity of sound increases with temperature iii. The quality
of a note depends only on its frequency
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and III e. II and III
19. Of two identical tuning forks with natural frequency 256 Hz, one is loaded so that 4 beats per second are heard when they
are sounded together. What is the frequency of the loaded turning fork? A. 260 Hz b. 252 Hz c. 248 Hz d. 264Hz e. 258 Hz
20. A device that converts sound energy into electric energy is a. the horn of a motor car b. an A.C generator c. a
microphone d. the telephone ear-piece e. a loudspeaker
21. When a sound wave passes from air into water is a. speed and frequency increase but its wave length remains the same
b. speed and wavelength increase but its frequency remains the same c. speed decreases d. speed remains the same but its
frequency and wavelength change
22. If the fundamental frequency of a closed pipe organ on a day when the speed of sound is 340 ms-1 is 170 Hz, then the
length of the pipe is a. 50 cm b. 70 cm c. 100 cm d. 150 cm e. 200 cm
23. In order to find the depth of the sea, a ship sends out a sound wave and receives an echo after one second. If the velocity
of sound in water is 1500 m/s, what is the depth of the sea? A. 0.75 km b. 1.50 km c. 2.20 km d. 3.00 km e. 3.75 km
24. Which of the following is true about sound? A. sound travels faster in air at 20°C than at 30°C b. the frequency f a given
sound wave changes when it crosses the boundary separating two media c. the wave length of a given sound wave in air
decreases as the temperature decreases d. sound waves cannot be reflected
25. In fig 7, a resonance tube experiment is performed using one tuning fork. As the water level is lowered, the first
resonance is obtained when the length of the air column/ = 𝜆 4. The second resonance is obtained when/equals
a. λ/2 b. 3λ /4 c. λ d. 3λ /2
26. Which of the following is true about the loudness of sound? It a. depends on the square of the amplitude of the
vibrating body b. is proportional to the distance of the observer from the source of the sound c. is greatest in vacuum
d. is independent of frequency
27. A man clapping his hand at regular intervals observers that the echo of a clap coincides with the next clap. If the
reflecting cliff is 160 m away and the speed of sound is 320 m s-1, what is the frequency of the clapping? A. 1Hz b. 2Hz c. 4
Hz d. 8 Hz
28. The vibration of an air column produces the sound in the a. piano b. guitar c. flute d. school hand bell
29. Which of the following instruments has a pure tone? A. guitar b. vibrating string c. tuning fork d. siren
30. The lowest note emitted by a stretched string has a frequency of 40 Hz. How many overtones are there between 40hZ and
150 Hz? A. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
31. When the length / of a piece of wire under constant tension is varied, the relationship of the frequency of vibration f with
/ is a. f a / b. f a 1//2 c. f a √/ d.f a 1 / /
32. Which of the following media allow the transmission of sound wave through them? I. air II. Liquids III. Solids
a. I and II only b. I and II only c. II and II only d. I, II and III
33. A Piano wire 0.5m long has a total mass of 0.01kg and is stretched with a tension of 800N. Calculate the frequency of the
wire when it sounds its fundamental note. A. 200 Hz b. 100Hz c. 4Hz d. 2Hz
34. A note is called an octave of another note when a. its frequency is twice that of the first note b. its frequency is half
that of the first note c. the notes have the same fundamental frequency d. its periodic tune is twice that of the first note
35. Which of the following factors affects the speed of sound in air? I. temperatures II. Pressure III. Frequency a. I only
b. II only c. I and II only d. II and III only
36. The speed of sound in air at sea-level is 340ms-1. How far (to the nearest meter) from the centre of a thunderstorm is an
observer who hears a thunder 2s after a lighting flash? A. 170m b. 340m c. 600m d. 680m
37. A slight loading of a tuning fork has the effect of a. decreasing its amplitude b. increasing its amplitude c. decreasing
its frequency d. increasing its frequency

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38. Two strings of the same length and under the same tension give notes of frequencies in ratio 4: 1 then masses of the
strings are in the corresponding ratio of a. 2: 1 b. 1: 2 c. 1:4 d. 1:16
39. The air columns as shown in the figure vibration by the tuning fork. In this state of resonance the waves in the air column
will be a. stationary and transverse b. stationary and longitudinal c. progressive and transverse d. progressive and
longitudinal

40. When the tension in a sonometer wire is doubled the ratio of the new frequency to the initial frequency is a. 1√2 b. ½ c.
√2 d. 2
41. In a sound wave in air, the adjacent refractions and compressions are separated by a distance of 17 cm. if the velocity of
the sound wave is 340 ms-1 determine the frequency a. 10 Hz b. 20 Hz c. 1000 Hz d. 5780 Hz
42. In which of the following diagrams is the length of the tube equal to one wavelength?

In a resonance tube experiment, the effective length of the air column for the first resonance is 20cm
when set into vibration by a tuning fork of frequency 480 Hz neglecting and effect the velocity of sound
in air is a. 96 ms-1 b. 255 ms-1 c. 340 ms-1 d. 384 ms-1
43. An organ pipe closed a tone end is 80cm long. Determine the frequency of the fundamental note
assuming that the speed of sound in air is 340 ms-1 a. 106 Hz b. 213 Hz c. 318Hz d. 425 Hz
44. A sonometer wire of length 100 cm under a tension of 10 N, has a frequency of 250 Hz. Keeping
the length of the wire constant, the tension is adjusted to produce a new frequency of 350 Hz. The new
tension is a. 5.1N b.7.1N c. 14.0 N d. 19.6 N
45. Which of the following is TRUE of light and sound waves? A. they both
transmit energy b. they both need a medium for propagation c. they are both transverse waves d.
their velocities in air are equal
46. Two turning forks of frequencies 256 Hz and 260Hz are sounded close to each other. What is the
frequency of the beats produced? A. 2 Hz b.4 Hz c. 8 Hz d. 258Hz
47. A man hears his echo from a nearby hill 2s after he shouted. If the frequency of his voice is 260
Hz and the wave length is 1.29m, how far away is the hill? A. 330.0 m b. 335.4m c. 60.0m d. 670.8m
48. When the bottom tip of a vibrating tuning fork is held in contact with a wooden box, a louder sound is heard. This
phenomenon is known as a. beats b. echoing c. resonance d. reverberation
49. A note is the octave of another note if it has a. a frequency twice that of the first note b. a frequency half that of the
first note c. the same fundamental frequency as the first one d. a frequency eight times that of the first note
50. What is the frequency of the sound made by a siren having a disc with 32 holes and making 25 revolutions per second?
A. 80 Hz b. 600 Hz c. 800 Hz d. 1600 Hz
51. Radio waves emitted from an antenna are picked up by radar after reflection from an aircraft in 4x10-3s. How far is the
aircraft from the antenna? (c= 3 x 108 ms-1) a. 6.0 x 102 km b. 1.2 x 103 c. 3.0 x 103 km d. 6.0 x 105 km
52. The physical properties of sound waves can best be described by a. reflection and diffraction b. polarization
and reflection c. polarization and diffraction d. polarization
53. The velocity of a sound wave at 27oC is 360 ms-1. Its velocity at 127oC is a. 120√3 ms-1 b. 240 ms-1 c. 240√3 ms-1 d.
720/√3 ms-1
54. In a closed organ pipe producing a musical note, an antinode will always be produced at a. the closed
end b. the open end c. the middle d. all the parts of the pipe
55. If a sound wave goes a cold-air region to a hot air region, its wavelength will a. increase b.
decrease c. decrease then increase d. remain constant
56. The lowest note emitted by a stretched string has a frequency of 40 Hz. How many overtones are there between 40 Hz
and 180 Hz? A. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1
57. The fundamental frequency of vibration (f) of a wire is measured as a function of the tension (T) in the wire. Which of the
following curves adequately represents the data?
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The sound from a source travelled to the bottom of the sea and the echo was heard 4 s later. If the
speed of sound in sea water is 15000ms-1, the depth of the sea is a. 6000 m b.
3000m c. 15000m d. 375m
58. The fundamental frequency of vibration of a sonometer wire may be halved by a. doubling the
length of the wire b. doubling the mass of the wire c. reducing the tension by half d. reducing the
absolute temperature by half
59. A pipe of length 45 cm is closed at one end. Calculate the fundamental frequency of the sound
wave generated in the pipe if the velocity of sound in air is 360 ms-1 (neglect end corrections)
a. 5.5 Hz b. 148.5 Hz c. 200.00 Hz d. 550Hz
60. The note produced by a stretched string has a fundamental frequency of 400 Hz. If the length of
the string is doubled while the tension in the string is increased by a factor of 4, the frequency is
a. 200 Hz b. 400Hz c. 800 Hz d. 1600 Hz
61. The wave length of signals from a radio transmitter is 1500 m and the frequency is 200 kHz.
What is wave length for a transmitter operating at 1000 KHz? A.
7500 m b. 300 m c. 7.5 m d. 1.5 m
62. The difference between sound waves and light waves is that sound waves
a. are transverse while light waves are longitudinal b. require a medium to travel while light waves do not c. can be diffracted
but light cannot d. cannot be reflected but light waves can
63. Which of the diagrams below represents the second overtone of a vibrating string fixed at both ends?
64. The pitch of an acoustic device can be increased by
a. increasing the frequency b. increasing the amplitude c. decreasing the loudness d.
decreasing the intensity
65. Under constant tension and constant mass per unit length, the note produced
by a plucked string is 500 Hz when the length of the string is 0.90m. At what length is the
frequency 150? A. 3 m b. 4m c. 5 m d. 6m
66. If the load at the end of a sonometer wire is immersed in a bucket of water, the original fundamental frequency of the
wire could be restored by a. decreasing the length of the wire b. increasing the length of the
wire c. increasing the mass per unit length of the wire d. changing the temperature of the water
67. A sonometer wire is vibrating at frequency f0. If the tension in the wire is doubled while the length and the mass per unit
length are kept constant, the new frequency of vibration is a. fo/2 b. 2fo c. fo/√2 d. fo√2
-1
68. A plane sound wave of frequency 85.5 Hz and velocity 342 m s is reflected from a vertical wall. At what distance from the
wall does the wave have an antinode? A. 1m b. 2m c. 3m d. 4m
69. Find the frequencies of the first three harmonics of a piano string of length 1.5m, if the velocity of the waves on the string
is 120 ms-1 a. 360 Hz, 180 Hz, 90Hz b. 180Hz, 360Hz, 540Hz c. 80Hz, 160Hz, 240Hz d. 40Hz, 80 Hz, 120z
70. A string is fastened tightly between two walls 24 cm apart. The wave length of the second overtone is a. 8cm b.
12 cm c. 16 cm d. 24 cm
71. I. Temperature II. Density of air molecules III. Pressure IV. Pitch. Which of the above will affect the velocity of sound
in air? A. I,II,III and IV B. I, II and IV only c. II and IV only d. I and II only
72. The phenomenon that makes sound persist when its source has been removed as known as a.
rarefaction b. acoustic vibration c. reverberation d. echo
73. If the distance from a point source of sound is doubled, by what factor does the intensity decrease? A. 2.00
b. 0.25 c. 4.00 d. 0.50
74. An open pipe closed at one end produces its first fundamental note. If the velocity of sound in air is v and / the length of
the pipe, the frequency of the note is a. v/2/ b. 2v// c. v/5/ d. v/4/
75. A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz is vibrated just above a cylindrical tube, at what maximum height will resonance occur?
(speed of sound in air = 340 m s-1) a. 0.45 m b. 0.95 m c. 0.60 m d. 0.50m
76. In which of the following material media would sound travel fastest? A. oil b. metal c. Gas d. Water
77. The pitch of a sound note depends on a. timbre b. frequency c. harmonics d. quality
78. The velocity of sound in air will e doubled if its absolute temperature is a. doubled b. halved c. constant d. quadrupled

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79. The wave length of the first overtone of a note in a closed pipe of length 33 cm is a. 22 cm b. 17 cm c. 44 cm d. 33
cm
80. In a large telecommunications auditorium, perforated absorbent materials are used to line the ceiling so as to
a. increase the amount of echo in the hall b. reduce the height of the ceiling from the floor c. reduce the reverberation of
sound in the hall d. increase the reverberation of sound in the hall
81. The fundamental frequency of a plucked wire under a tension of 400N is 250Hz. When the frequency is changed to 500Hz
at constant length, the tension is a. 160N b. 1600 N c. 40N d. 400N
82. When the length of a vibrating string is reduced by one-third, its frequency becomes a. three times its former value b.
twice its former value c. one-third of its former value d. one-sixth of its former value
83. Metal cables are used as telephone wires because a. they are cheap b. they are sound locally c. the speed of sound in
them is very low d. the speed of sound in them is very high
84. Musical instruments playing the same note can be distinguished from one another owing to the different in their a.
quality b. pitch c. intensity d. loudness
85. The sound of an electric bell dies down slowly when air is slowly pumped out from a bottle because a. sound needs a
material medium b. sound can pass through a vaccum c. the wave length of sound becomes greater in the bottle d. sound
cannot pass through the bottle
86. During a thunderstorm, the sound is heard over a long time. This phenomenon is referred to as a.
superposition b. reverberation c. diffraction of sound d. refraction of sound
87. The velocity of sound in air at 16oC is 340ms-1. What will it be when the pressure is doubled and its temperature raised to
127oC? A. 8,000 ms-1 b. 160,000 ms-1 c. 400 ms-1 d. 4,000 ms-1
88. A length of wire has a frequency of 255 Hz when stretched by a force of 225 N. if the force increases to 324N, what is the
new frequency of vibration? A. 488 Hz b. 356 Hz c. 306 Hz d. 512 Hz

OPTICS
NATURE, SOURCE OF LIGHT AND PROPAGATION OF LIGHT
1. The sharpness of the boundary of the shadow of an object is determined by the a. rays of light passing through the object b.
intensity of light striking the object c. opacity of the object d. nature of the object
2. An object of height 4cm is placed in front of a cuboids pinhole camera of size 6cm. if the image formed is 2cm high, how far is
the object from the pinhole? A. 3.0 cm b. 8.0cm c. 12.0 cm d. 16.0cm
3. What is the effect of the increase in the size of the hole of a pin-hole camera on the image? It a. gives a blurred image
b. corrects for chromatic aberration c. magnifies the image d. brings the image a sharper focus
4. An object 15 cm high is 30 cm from a pin-hole camera. If the height of the image formed at the back of the camera is 10
cm, the image distance is a. 20 cm b. 45 cm c. 54 cm d. 63 cm e. 70 cm
5. Total eclipse of the sun occurs when the a. earth is between the moon and the sun b. sun is between the moon and the
earth c. moon is between the sun and the earth d. ozone layer is threatened
6. Which of the following statements supports the assumption that light travels in straight lines? A. light can be
diffracted b. a source of light produces distinct shadows of opaque objects c. a source of light produces interference patterns
on a suitably placed screen d. light can be reflected
7. Shadows and eclipse result from the a. refraction of light b. rectilinear propagation of light c. diffraction of light d.
reflection of light
8. The image in a pin-hole camera is a. erect and formed by refraction through a lens b. virtual and formed by dispersion c.
erect and get sharper as the hole becomes lager d. inverted and formed by the light from each point travelling in a straight
line
9. When the sun, the moon and the earth are as shown in the diagram below, an observer standing at X is in

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a. penumbra and sees a partial eclipse b. penumbra and sees a total eclipse c. umbra
and sees a partial eclipse d. umbra and sees a total eclipse
10. The eclipse of the sun occurs when the a. moon is not completely hidden in
the earth’s shadow b. moon’s umbra falls on some part c. moon is between the sun
and the earth d. earth is between the sun and the moon
11. The operation of an optical fibre is based on the principle of a. polarization of light b. refraction
of light c. interference of light d. dispersion of light
12. Non luminous objects can be seen because they a. emit light b. are polished c. are near d. reflect light
13. I. Moon II. Sun III. Street light IV. Stars . which of the above is natural source of light? A. I, II
and IV b. I,II and III only c. II and IV d. II and IV only

REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON PLANE SURFACE

14. Two mirrors of the same length are arranged as shown in the diagram (fig 10). A ray of light NO strikes the system at O
and emerges along PQ. The emergent ray has been deviated through
15.
a. 220o b. 200o c. 210o d. 180o e. 230o
16. The instrument used by designers to obtain different colour patterns is called a. sextant b.
kaleidoscope c. periscope d. episcope
17. If an object is placed in front of two mirrors inclined at 90o C, how many images will be formed?
A. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2
18. When a plane mirror at which a ray of incident is rotated through an angle 𝜃, the reflected ray
will be rotated through a. 𝜃/2 b.𝜃 c.2𝜃 d.3𝜃
19. The diagram in the figure below shows the prism arrangement in a a. microscope b. stereoscope c. projector
d. periscope e. gyroscope
20. A man standing between two parallel mirrors in a barber’s shop will see the following number of his own
image a. eight b. two c. four d. one e. infinite
21. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the image in a plane mirror? The image is
a. the same size as the object b. laterally inverted c. virtual d. magnified e. the same distance behind
the mirror as the object is in front
22. Which of the following does not describe the image formed by a plane mirror? A. Erect b. Laterally
inverted c. same distance from mirror as object d. magnified e. virtual
23. In fig 3 an incident ray XY makes an angle of 15o with a fixed line AY which is normal to the surface of a plane mirror. If the
mirror is turned as indicated by the arrow, through 40o, what angle will the reflected ray make with AY?

A. 25o b. 40o c. 15o d.55o e. 95o

24. A boy looks t the image of an object in a plane mirror. He observes two images, a main bright one and the other faint. The
observed images result from a. reflection only b. refraction only c. diffraction and interference d. reflection and refraction
25. Two mirrors M1 , M2 are inclined at right angles as shown below. Calculate the angle of reflection of the ray of light at
mirror M2. A. 30o b. 45o c. 60o d.90o
26. A man stands 4 m in front of a plane mirror. If the mirror is moved 1m towards the man, the
distance between him and his new image is a. 3m b. 5m c. 6m d. 10m
27. An engineer intends to deviate a light ray from its path by 120o through reflection from a plane
mirror. Calculate the angle of incidence a. 20o b. 30o c. 40o d. 60o

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28. If an object is placed between two parallel plane mirrors with their reflecting surfaces facing each other, how many
images of the object will be formed? A. four b. two c. eight d. infinite
29. In the fig below, what is the angle of reflection of the ray of light at mirror M2

A. 90o b. 60o c. 45o d. 30o

o
30. The plane mirrors in a kaleidoscope are usually placed a. at an angle of 60 b. parallel to one another c. perpendicular
to one another d. at an angle of 45o
31. PQ is a thin rod on a horizontal table, RS is a plane mirror inclined at 45oC to the horizontal as shown fig. 10 above. The
image of PQ as seen in the mirror by the eye, T is a. horizontal b. parallel to the mirror c. at
infinity d. vertical e. highly magnified
32. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence of 35o. if the mirror is rotated
through 10o, through what angle is the reflected ray rotated? A. 20o b. 25o c.
45o d. 70o
33. An object is placed in front of two plane mirrors inclined at an angle of 𝜃o. if the total number of
images formed is 7, find the value of 𝜃. A. 30° b. 45° c. 51° d. 90°

REFLECTION ON CURVE SURFACE

34. An object 4cm high is placed 15 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 5cm. the size of the image is a. 4cm b.
5cm c. 2cm d. 3cm
35. Which of the following is true for the image formed by a convex mirror? I. the image is always virtual II. The image is
always erect III. The image lies between pole and focus VI. The image is never magnified V. the focal length is negative
a. I only b. I and II only c. II and III only d. I,II,III and IV e. All above
36. The driving mirror of a car has a radius of curvature of 1m. a vehicle behind the car is 4m from the mirror. Find the image
distance behind the mirror a. 9/2 b. 8/7 c. 4/7 d. 4/9
37. A dentist obtains a linear magnification of 4 of a hole in a tooth by placing a concave mirror at a distance of 2.0 cm from
the tooth. The radius of curvature of the mirror is a. 5.3 cm b. 3.2 cm c. 2.7 cm d. 1.6 cm
38. A pencil is placed vertically between a concave mirror and its focal point. The image of the pencil in the mirror will be
a. real, inverted and diminished b. virtual, inverted and enlarged c. real, erect and enlarge d. virtual, erect and enlarge
39. An object is placed 10cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15cm. what is the position and nature of the image
formed? A. 30cm and virtual b. 6cm and real c. 5cm and virtual d. 30 cm and real
40. A convex mirror is used as a driving mirror because I. Its image is erect II. It has a large field of view III. It has a long
focal length. identify the correct statement(s) a. I and III only b. I and II only c. II and III only d. I,II and III e. I only
41. An object is placed 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius 40 cm. the image formed is
a. virtual and 60 cm behind the mirror b. real and 60 cm in front of the mirror c. virtual and at infinity d. real and at infinity
e. virtual and 40 cm from the mirror
42. The image and object distances of a converging mirror are related by the equation 1/f = 1/v + 1/u and the magnification of
the image is m = v/u . Which of the graphs below represents the relation between m and v?
43. An object placed on the principle axis of a convex lens of focal length 10cm, produces a
real image of double magnification. The image distance from the lens is a. 30 cm b. 25cm c.
20cm d. 15cm e. 10cm
44. For correcting long-sight defects in the human eye we require a a.
converging lens b. diverging lens c. microscope d. periscope e. plain glass sheet
45. For a concave mirror to form a real diminished image, the object must be placed
a. behind the mirror b. between the mirror and its focus c. between the focus and the centre
of curvature d. at the centre of curvature e. at a distance greater than the radius of curvature

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46. In order to produce a parallel beam of light, a lamp is placed at a distance from the concave mirror equals to a.
the radius of curvature b. half the radius of curvature c. half the focal length d. twice the focal length e. twice the radius of
curvature
47. An object 3.0cm high is placed 60.0cm. from a converging lens whose focal length is 20.0 cm. calculate the size of the
image formed. A. 0.5 cm b. 1.5 cm c. 2.0 cm d. 6.0 cm
48. When a lamp is placed on the axis and at various distance U from a converging lens, real images are formed at various
distances V from the lens. Which of the graphs below will be obtained by plotting the values of
quantity against another quantity?
49. An object is placed 30 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. The linear
magnification of the image produced is a. 0 b. 2/3 c. 1 d. 2 e. 3
50. Which of the following statements is applicable to a real image formed by a concave
mirror? i. it can be observed on a screen ii. It is always inverted and in front of the mirror iii. It
only seems to exist iv. It is formed by the actual converging of rays of light
a. I, ii and ii only b. I,ii and iv only c. I and iii only d. i and ii only e. all four statements
51. An object which is 3cm high is placed vertically 10cm in front of a concave mirror. If the object produces an image 40cm
from the mirror, the height of the image is a. 0.75cm b. 4.00cm c. 8.00cm d. 12.00 cm
52. The magnification of the image of an object placed in front of a convex mirror is 1/3. If the radius of curvature of the
mirror is 24cm, what is the distance between the object and its image? A. 8 cm b. 16 cm c. 24cm d. 32 cm
53. Which of following expressions gives the linear magnification produced by a concave mirror of radius of curvature r, if u
and v are the object and image distances respectively? A. (v/r) -1 b. (2v/r)-1 c. (u/r)-1 d. (2u/r)-1
54. A boy on looking into a mirror observed that his face appeared to have grown bigger. The boy must have been looking at a
a. convex mirror with his face at the focus b. concave mirror with his face between the focus and the mirror c. concave
mirror with his face at the focus d. convex mirror with face between the focus and the mirror
55. To produce a parallel of light from a concave mirror, the distance at which the lamp should be placed from the mirror is
equal to a. the focal length b. two times the focal length c. the distance of the image d. two times the radius of curvature
56. A real object is placed at a distance u cm in front of a curved mirror of focal length t cm. if the image is upright and
magnified, then the mirror is a. convex and u =2f b. concave and u = 2f c. convex and u = ½ d. concave and u = ½
57. A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 36cm. at what distance from the mirror should an object be placed to give a
real image three times the size of the object? A. 12cm b. 24cm c. 48 cm d. 108cm
58. Which of the following properties make the convex mirror useful as a driving mirror? I. the image is virtual II. The image
is erect III. It has a wide field of view IV. The image is magnified a. III and IV b. I,II and III c. I and III d. I and II
59. when an object is placed very close to the pole of a concave mirror, the virtual image obtained is a.
diminished and upright b. diminished and inverted c. enlarged and inverted d. enlarged and upright
60. To produce an enlarged and erect image with a concave mirror, the object must be positioned a. between the principal
focus and the centre of curvature b. at the principal focus c. between the principal focus and the pole d. beyond the centre
of curvature
61. Which of the graphs below represents the relationship between m and v for a
converging mirror?
62. The inside portion of part of a hollow metal sphere of diameter 20m is polished. The
portion will therefore form a a. concave mirror of focal
length 5cm b. concave mirror of focal length 10cm c. convex mirror of focal length d. convex
mirror of focal length 20 cm
63. An object o lies at distance m in front of a concave mirror of focal length f. if m<f, then the
final image obtained will be a. virtual and diminished b. magnified and erect c. real and inverted d. diminished and erect
64. The most suitable type of mirror used for the construction of a searchlight is the a. concave mirror b. convex mirror c.
spherical mirror d. parabolic mirror
65. A concave mirror of radius of curvature 40 cm forms a real image twice as large as the object. The object distance is
a. 30 cm b. 40cm c. 60cm d. 10 cm

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66. What types of mirrors are capable of producing parallel beams of light such as those arising from the headlamps of a car?
A. parabolic mirrors b. plane mirrors c. cylindrical mirrors d. spherical
67. Calculate the position of an object placed in front of a convex mirror having focal length of 12cm such that an image is
formed 6cm away from the mirror a. 4.0cm b. 3.0cm c. 12.0cm d. 9.0cm
68. An object is placed 5cm from the pole of a concave mirror. If the focal length of the mirror is 10cm, what is the image
distance? A. 10cm in front of the mirror b. 5cm in front of the mirror c. 10cm behind the mirror d. 5cm behind the mirror
69. An object of height 5cm is placed at 20cm from a concave mirror of focal length 10cm. the image height is a.
20cm b. 15cm c. 10cm d. 5cm
70. Convex mirrors are used as driving mirrors because images formed are a. erect, virtual and diminished b. erect, real and
diminished c. erect, virtual and magnified d. inverted virtual and diminished
71. An object placed 10cm from a concave mirror of focal length 5cm would have its image a. at radius of curvature b.
at the centre of curvature c. at infinity d. 10cm from the focus
72. A real image three times the size of an object is formed 24 cm from a converging mirror. What is the focal length of the
mirror? A. 8cm b. 16cm c. 6 cm d. 12cm
73. At what position will an object be placed in front of a concave mirror in order to obtain an image at infinity? A. at the
centre of curvature b. between the principal focus and the centre of curvature c. at the pole of the mirror d. at the principal
focus
74. If a light wave has a wave length of 500nm in air, what is the frequency of the wave? A. 3.0 x 1014Hz b. 6.0 x
14 14 14
10 Hz c. 5.0 x 10 Hz d. 2.0 x 10 Hz

REFRACTION OF LIGHT
75. Which of the figures below illustrates the dispersion of white light through a triangular glass prism?
76. Light of frequency 6.0 x 1014 Hz travelling in air is transmitted through glass of refractive
index 1.5. Calculate the frequency of the light in the glass. A. 4.0 x 1014
Hz b. 6.0 x 1014 Hz c. 7.5 x 1014 Hz d. 9.0 x 1014 Hz
77. An object is embedded in a block of ice, 10cm below the plane surface. If the refractive
index of the ice is 1.50, the apparent depth of the object below the surface is a. 7.50cm b.
7.63cm c. 22.50cm d. 6.67cm
78. I. total internal reflection of light II. Conservation of light energy III. Relative motion
of the earth, sun and moon IV. Rectilinear propagation of light. Which of the above is a
phenomenon of total solar eclipse? A. I and II only b. II and IV only c. I and III only d. III
and IV only
79. An object is placed directly below a glass block of thickness 3.0 cm. calculate the lateral
displacement of the object if the refractive index of the glass is 1.5 a. 1.0 cm b.1.5 cm c. 2.0 cm d. 2.5 cm
80. What is the approximate critical angle for total internal reflection for diamond if the refractive index of diamond is 2.42?
a. 21o b. 22o c. 23o d. 24o
81. In fig 6, a ray of light in air strikes a glass plate at an angle of incidence of 60o. The reflected ray is observed to be
perpendicular to the refracted ray. What is the refractive index of the glass?
A. 1.73 b. 1.50 c. 0.87 d. 0.57
82. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 30o on the top surface of a
parallel-sided glass block of refractive index 1.5. the ray finally emerges from the
lower surface. What is the angular deviation of the emergent ray? A. 60o b. 39o c. 28o d. Oo
83. A pool of after appears to be 1.00m deep when viewed vertically from above. If the refractive index of water is 1.33, what is
the actual depth of the pool? A. 0.750 m b. 1.013m c. 1.330m d. 13.300 m
84. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, what is the critical angle at the air-glass interface? A. sin -1 ½ b. sin -1 2/3 c. sin-1 ¾ d.
sin-1 8/9
85. The speed of light in air is 3x108 m s-1. If the refractive index of light from air-to-water is 4/3, then which of the following
is the correct value of the speed of light in water? A. 4 x 108 m s-1 b. 42.25x 108 m s-1 c. 4/9 x 10-8 m s-1 d. 2.25 x 10-8
-1 8 -1
m s e. 4.33 x 10 m s

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86. Given that SQ = 10 cm and SP = 6 cm, the refractive index of the block of glass shown in the figure below is

a. 0.30 b. 0.60 c. 1.67 d. 2.33 d. e. 2.36

87. In the refractive index of a medium is √, what is the critical angle? A. 45o b. 500 12’ c. 56o25’ d. 75o e. 90o
88. Two rays of light from a point below the surface of water are equally imnclined to the vertical and are inclined to each
other at 60o in water. What is the angle between the rays when they emerge into air? (take the refractive index of water is ¾)
a. 41.8o b. 44.1o c. [Link] d. 83.6o e. 120.0o
89. In the above diagram a ray of light passes from glass into air. If the angle of incidence in glass is a and the angle of
refraction in air is 𝛽, which of the following statements is true? A.
a = 𝛽 b. the refractive index of glass is sin𝛽/sin a b. the ray suffers total internal reflection if 𝛽 is
greater than the critical angle d. the ray will suffer total internal reflection if a is less than the critical
angle e. the refractive index of glass is sin a/sin 𝛽
90. The speed of light in vacuum is 3.0 x 108 m/s-1. If the refractive index of a transparent liquid is
4/3, then the speed of light in the liquid is a. 0.44 x 108 ms-1 b. 2.25 x 108 ms-1 c. 3.0x 108
-1 8 -1 8 -1
ms d. 4.0 x 10 ms e. 4.33 x 10 ms
91. The refractive index of a liquid is 1.5. if the velocity of light in vaccum is 3.0 x 108 ms -1, the velocity of light in the liquid is
a. 1.5 X 108 ms-1 b. 2.0 x 108 m s-1 c. 3.0 x 108 ms -1 d. 4.5 x 108 ms-1 e. 9.0 x 108 ms-1
92. A coin is placed at the bottom of a cube of glass t cm thick. If the refractive index of the glass is n, how high does the coin
appear to be raised to an observer looking perpendicularly into the glass? A. t/ (t-n) b. t(n-1)/ n c. t(1 + 1/n) d. t/n e. nt
93. When a ray of light passes from water to glass, it is a. bent away from the normal b. bent towards the normal c.
totally internally reflected d. absorbed by the glass e. broken into the glass e. broken into a pure spectrum
94. The absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. The refractive index at the interface a ray
travels from water to glass is a. ½ b. 8/9 c. 9/8 d. 17/12 e. 2
95. The angular dispersion of a prism depends on a. the index of refraction only b. the angle of
incidence as well as the index of refraction c. the angle of incidence only d. the thickness of the prism e. the prism angle
96. PQR is an equilateral glass prism of refractive index 1.5 light incident normally on face PQ as shown in fig. I will

a. undergo total internal reflection at face PR and then emerge normal to

the face QR b. emerge on face PR c. undergo total internal reflection at face PR and emerge deflected away from the normal
on face QR d. undergo two successive total internal reflections and emerge at face PQ e. be completely reflected back along
its path
97. The speed of light in air is 3.00 x 108 m s-1. Its speed in glass having a refractive index of 1.65 is a. 1.65 x 108
m s-1 b. 3.00 x 108 m s-1 c. 4.95 x 108 m s-1 d. 1.82 x 108 m s-1 e. 6.00 x 108 m s-1
98. Which of the following conditions are necessary and sufficient for total internal reflection to take place at the boundary
between two optical media? I. light is passing from optically denser medium to optically less dense medium II. light is
passing from optically less dense medium to optically denser medium III. Angle of incidence is greater than critical angle IV.
Angle of incidence is less than critical angle a. I and II only b. II and III only c. III and IV d. I and III only e. II and IV only
99. Which of the following phenomena explain the formation of a mirage? I. reflection II. Refraction III. Diffraction a. I and II
only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. I, II and III only
100. Light of wave length 5000 x 10-8 cm travels in free space with a velocity of 3 x 108 ms-1. What is its wavelength in glass of
refractive index 1.5? a. 3333 x 10-8 cm b. 5000 x 10-8 cm c. 6666 x 10-8 cm d. 7500 x 10-8 cm

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101. A light wave of frequency 5 x 1014 Hz moves through water which has a refractive index of 4/3. Calculate the wavelength
in water if the velocity of light in air is 3 x 108 ms-1 a. 4.5 x 10-7m b. 6.0 x 10-7m c. 1.7 x 10-6m d. 2.2 x 106m
102. If the refractive index of a medium in air is 2.0, what is the critical angle for this medium? A. 30o b. 45o c. 60o d. 90o
103. Which of the following may be used to explain mirage? I. layers of air near the road surface have varying refractive
indices in hot weather II. Road surface sometimes become good reflectors in hot water III. Light from the sky can be
reflected upwards after coming close to the road surface a. II only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. I, II and III
104. In the diagram below, which of the angles 𝜃1,𝜃2, 𝜃3 and 𝜃4 is the angle of deviation of a ray of light passing through the
glass prism, XYZ? A. 𝜃 3 b.𝜃2 c 𝜃1 d.𝜃4
105. The velocities of light in air and glass a re 3.0 x 108 ms-1 and 2.0 x 108 ms-1
respectively. A. 0.33 b. 0.50 c. 0.67 d. 0.75
106. Light of velocity 3.0 x 108 ms-1 incident on a material of refractive index n. if the velocity of
light is reduced to 2.4 x 108 ms-1 in the material, what is n? a. 2.33 b. 2.25 c. 1.33
d. 1.25
107. The displacement d produced in a glass block of thickness t and refractive index n when an
object is viewed through it is a. t-n b. t(1 + 1/n) c. t(1-1/n) d. t (1/n -1)
108. The colours seen in thin films of oil on the road and in soap bubbles are due to a.
reflection b. interference c. diffraction d. polarization
109. Total internal reflection occurs when light moves from a. air to water b. water to glass c. a dense medium to a dense
medium d. a less dense medium to a dense medium
110. A boy observes a piece of stone at the bottom of a river 6.0m deep. If he looks from the surface of the river, what is the
apparent distance of the stone from him? (refractive index of water = 4/3) a. 4.5 m b. 5.0 m c. 5.5m d. 8.0m
111. If a ray travelling in air is incident on a transparent medium as shown in the diagram, the refractive index of the medium is
given as

112. a. sin 𝛼/ sin 𝛽 b. sin 𝛽 / sin 𝛼 c. cos 𝛼 / sin 𝛽 d. cos 𝛽 /

sin𝛼
113. A coin placed below a rectangle glass block of thickness 9 cm and refractive index 1.5 is viewed vertically above the block. The
apparent displacement a. 8cm b. 6cm c. 5cm d. 3cm
114. A submarine is observed to rise from a real depth of 80 m to 60m in water. Calculate the change in apparent depth
(refractive index of water = 4/3) a. 45m b. 60m c. 80m d. 15 m
115. Calculate the angle of mininum deviation for a ray which is refracted through an equiangular prism of refractive index 1.4
a. 60o b. 29o c. 99o d. 90o
116. Calculate the refractive index of the material for the glass prism in diagram below
117. a. √2 b. 3/2 c. √ 2/2 d.4/3
118. A ray of light which strikes a glass slab from air at normal incidence passes through the slab
a. deviated and undisplaced at a lower speed b. undeviated and displaced at a faster speed c.
undeviated and undisplaced at lower speed d. deviated and displaced at a lower speed
119. The colours seen in soap bubbles are due to a. interference b.
dispersion c. diffraction d. refraction
120. A ray incident on a glass prism undergoes minimum deviation when the a. refraction angle equals 90o b. incident angle
is equal to the refraction c. incident angle is equal to the angle of emergence d. incident angle equals 90o
121. If the refractive index of crown glass 1.51, its critical angle is a. 48.6o b. 22.5o c. 41.5o d. 45.0o
122. A 45o triangular glass prism can be used as a reflector of light because a. refraction never takes place in such a prism b.
the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence c. the refractive index of glass is less than 1 d. it is transparent e. the
critical angle for glass is less than 45o

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LENSES AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

123. An image in a convex lens is upright and magnified 3 times. If the focal length of the lens is 15cm, what is the object
distance? A. 15cm b. 16cm c. 10cm d. 25cm
124. A projection lantern is used to give the image of a slide on a screen. If the image is 24 times as large as the slide and the
screen is 72.0 m from the projecting lens, what is the position of the slide from the lens? A. 4.0m b. 3.5m c. 3.0m d. 0.3m
125. An object is placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 20 cm. the image is virtual and has a magnification of 2.
What is the distance of the object from the lens? A. 5cm b. 10cm c. 30 cm d. 40cm
126. Which of the following correctly represents the diagram for locating the image p of an object o in a lens if F is the focal
lens? A. I and II only b. II and III only c. III and IV only d. I and IV only
127. For a short sighted person, light rays from a point on a very distance object is
focused a. in front of the retina b. on the retina by a converging lens c. behind the
retina by a diverging lens d. in front of the retina a distance 2F from the lens
128. A patient with a sight defect has a least distance of distinct vision of 150 cm. for him to be
able to read a material placed at a distance of 25 cm, what is the focal length of the glasses he
should wear? A. 15.0 cm b. 17.6cm c. 21.4cm d. 30.0cm
129. In a projection lantern of focal length f, the object distance u, is such that a. u> 2f> f
b.u<f<2f c. u = f<2f d. f<u<2f
130. The property of the eye known as its power of accommodation is controlled by the a.
pupil b. vitreous humor c. iris d. ciliary muscles
131. If the focal length of a camera lens is 20cm, the distance from the film at which the lens must be to produce a sharp image
of an object 100 cm away is a. 17 cm b. 20cm c. 25 cm d. 100cm
132. Which of the following correctly describes the image of an object, 4cm from a diverging lens of focal length 12cm?
a. the image is virtual, 3 cm in front of the lens b. the image is real, 6cm behind the lens c. the image is virtual, 6cm in front of
the lens d. the image is real, 3cm in front of the lens
133. which of the following statements is CORRECT about a long-sighted boy who does not put on glasses? A. he cannot see
distant objects clearly b. rays of light from a close object are focused in front of his retina c. his eye ball is too long d.
parallel rays of light are focused behind his retina
134. In a ray diagram for a thin converging lens a ray that is not parallel to the optic axis but passes through the optic centre
will a. pass through undeviated b. pass through the centre of curvature after refraction c. emerge parallel to the principal
axis d. pass through the principal focus after refraction
135. If u is the object distance and v the image distance, which of the following expressions gives the linear magnification
produced by a convex lens of focal length f? a. u/f –f b. u/v + f c. v/f +1 d. v/f-1
136. By what factor will the size of an object placed 10 cm from a convex lens be increased if the image is seen on a screen
placed 25 cm from the lens? A. 2.5 b. 1.5 c. 0.4 d. 15.0
137. An object 1 cm high placed on the axis 15 cm from a converging lens. The size of the image is a. 0.5 cm b. 1.5 cm
c. 3cm d. 2.5 cm e. 2 cm
138. In a compound microscope a. there is only one lens b. the objective lens has a shorter focal length than
the eyepiece which is convex c. the objective lens has a longer focal length than the eye piece which is convex d. the
objective lens has a shorter focal length than the eye piece which is concave e. the objective and the eyepiece are both
convex and have the same focal lengths
139. A concave lens of focal length 20cm forms an image ¼ the size of the object. The object distance is a. 100
cm b. 100/9 cm c. 60 cm d. 60/7 cm e. none of these values
140. For the correction of myopic defects in the human eye we require a. a convex lens b.
a concave lens c. a combination of concave and convex lenses d. a prism e. a concave mirror

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141. The correct shape of the graph of uv against (u +v) for an object distance u and the image distance v in an experiment to find
the focal length of a convex lens is given as
142. What optical instrument can best be constructed with converging lenses of focal
lengths 50 cm and 5 cm? a. compound microscope b. terrestrial telescope
c. astronomical telescope d. Galileo’s telescope
143. The terrestrial telescope has one extra lens more than the astronomical
telescope. The extra lens is for a. magnification of
the image b. erection of the image c. improving the sharpness d. creating an inverted
image
144. Which of the following eye defects can be corrected using a cylindrical lens? A. astigmatism b. presbyopia c.
chromatic aberration d. Myopia
145. An astromical telescope is said to be normal adjustment when the a. eye is accommodated b. focal
length of objective lens is longer than that of the eye piece c. final image is at near point of eye d. final image is at infinity
146. The eye controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the a. retina b. optic nerve c. cornea d. iris
147. A man wears convex lens glasses of focal length 30 cm in order to correct this eye defect. Instead of the optimum 25 cm, his
least distance of distinct vision is a. 14cm b. 28cm c. 75cm d. 150cm
148. A ray of light is incident on an equilateral triangular glass prism of refractive index 2/3. Calculate the angle through which
the ray is minimally deviated in the prism a. 37.2o b. 48.6o c. 30.0o d. 42.0o
149. 191.A thin converging lens has a power of 4.0 diopters, determine its focal length a. 0.25m b. 0.03m c. 5.00m d.
2.50m
150. 192. A person cam focus objects when they lie beyond 75cm from his eyes. The focal length of the lens requires to reduce
his least distance of distinct vision to 25cm is a. 75.00cm b. 18.75cm c. 25.00cm d. 37.50cm
151. A person can focus object only when it lies within 200cm from him. Which spectacles should be used to increase his
maximum distance of distinct vision to infinity? A. convex lens b. binoculars c. concave lens d. plane glasses
152. When an object is placed between the principal focus and the optical centre of a convex lens, it could be used as a
A. compound microscope b. simple microscope c. projector d. reflecting lens
153. A certain far-sighted person cannot see objects that are closer to the eye than 50 cm clearly. Determine the power of the
converging lens which will enable him to see at 25cm a. 0.03D b. 0.04D c. 0.06D d. 0.02D
154. Which of the following is used for the correction of short-sightedness? A. convex mirror b. concave mirror c. convex lens
d. concave lens
155. An object is placed 5.6 x 10-2 m in front of a converging lens of focal length 1.0 x 10-1. The image formed is a. real, erect
and magnified b. virtual, erect and magnified c. real, inverted and magnified d. virtual, erect and diminished
156. What must be the distance between an object and a converging lens of focal length 20cm to produce an erect image
two times the object height? A. 20cm b. 15cm c. 10cm d. 5 cm
157. A far sighted person cannot see objects that are less than 100 cm away. If this person wants to read a book at 25 cm, what
types and focal length of lens does he need? A. convex, 20cm b. concave, 20 cm c. convex,33 cm d. concave, 33 cm
158. In the microscope the eyepiece lens merely acts as a. an inverter b. refiner c. a diminisher a magnifier
159. When the human eye loses its power of accommodation, the defect is known as a. astigmatism b. long-sightedness
c. short-sightedness d. presbyopia
160. If a convex lens of focal length is 12 cm is used to produce a real image four times the size of the object, how far from the
lens must the object be placed? a. 10cm b. 15cm c.20cm d.5cm
161. A near-sighted student has a near point of 0.1m and a focal length of 5.0cm. what is the student’s far point?
A. 0.200m b. 8.00m c. 0.125m d. 2.100m
162. In comparing the camera and the human eye, the film of the camera functions as the a. cornea b. pupil c. retina d. iris
163. The ability of the human eye to focus objects on the retina referred to as power of a. interference b. diffraction c.
accommodation d. superposition
164. An observer with normal eyes views an object with a magnifying glass of focal length 5cm. the angular magnification is
a. -6 b. -5 c. 5 d. 6

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165. Four lenses are being considered for use as a microscope objective. Which of the following focal lengths is more suitable?
A. -5mm b. +5 mm c. -5 mm d. +5 cm
166. To obtain a magnification of 2.5, how far should an object be placed from the pole of a thin converging lens of local length
0.20m? a. 0.13m b. 0.25m c. 0.28m d. 0.50m
167. The diagram in fig 2. Shows the lens arrangements in a. a compound microscope b. an astronomical telescope c. a
binocular d. a periscope e. a projection lantern
168. If the magnification of a virtual image formed of an object 10 cm from a
convex lens is 3, then the focal length of the lens is a. 10 cm b.
15cm c. 16cm d. 19 cm e. 20 cm
169. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A. the
average range of district vision for a normal eye is from the far distance (infinity) up
to about 25cm in front of the eye b. longsighted people have difficulty in making
the eye lens sufficiently powerful to focus on nearby objects c. shortsighted people cannot accommodate distant objects d.
radioactive substance emit three types of radiations; a- ray, β-rays and y-rays e. the radioactive element is transformed into a
new element
170. The arrow represents and objects in front of a convex leans whose focal points
are X and Y (fig 4). The image formed is a. between x and p b. between p and y c.
between Y and Z d. outside W e. outside Z
171. A lens of focal length 12.0 cm forms an upright image three times the size of a
real object. The distance between the object and the image is a. 8.0 cm b. 16.0 cm c.
24.0 cm d. 32.0 cm
172. Which of the following statements about defects of vision is/are CORRECT? I. For a long sighted person, close objects
appear blurred II. For a short sighted person, distant objects appear blurred III. short sight is corrected by using a pair of
converging lenses a. I only b. II only c. I and II only d. II and III only e. I,II and III
173. In a light experiment with a convex lens a student plotted a graph, shown above of the reciprocal of object distance (1/U)
against the reciprocal of the image distance (i/V) from the lens. The focal length of the lens is given by the
a. slope of the line PQ b. reciprocal of either OP or OQ d. area under the graph e. ratio OP/OQ.
174. The range of accommodation of a normal human eye is a. 0 m to 0.1m b.
0 m to 0.25 m c. 0.1 m to 0.25 m d. 0.1 m to infinity e. 0.25 m to infinity
175. Which of the following statements about the compound microscope and astronomical telescope
is (are) correct? I. The final image of a compound microscope is located at infinity II. The final image
of the astronomical telescope is always erect III. The objective lens of a compound microscope has a very short focal length
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. II and III
176. The lack of power of accommodation which is mainly due to the hardening of the eye lens and is usual with the onset of
old
DISPERSION OF LIGHT AND COLOUR MIXING
177. E,F and G are yellow, red, and cyan transparent light filters respectively. The colour of a white opaque object
when viewed through the arrangement of the filters below is a. yellow b. red c.
black d. blue
178. When a red rose flower is observed in blue light colour does the
observer see? A. black b. yellow c. red d. blue
179. Dispersion occurs when white light passes through a glass prim
because of the a. defects in the glass b. high density difference in
frequency of light d. difference in wavelength of light
180. When white light is dispersed by a spectrometer, the component having the shortest wave length is a. orange
b. green c. violet d. red
181. A narrow beam of white light can be split up into different colours by a prism. The correct explanation is that
a. white light is an electromagnetic wave b. the prism has all the colours of the white light c. white light has undergone

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total internal reflection in the prism d. different colours of white light travel with different speeds in glass e. white light
consists of yellow, green and red colours
182. The visible part of light consists of the following colors: a. red,indigo,infra-red, violet, indigo,
orange and yellow b. red, green, blue, violet, indigo, orange and yellow c. blue, ultra-violet, infra-red, red, yellow, indigo,
violet, green and orange d. infra-red and ultra-violet e. red, orange , yellow, green, blue, indigo and infra-red
183. In sunlight, a blue flower looks blue because we see the flower by the light it a. receives from our eye b.
disperses c. absorbs d. refracts e. reflects
184. Which of the following arrangements in the sequence shown can be used to obtain a pure spectrum of white light?
A. source, slit, converging lens, prism, converging lens, screen b. source, slit, diverging lens, prism, diverging lens, screen c.
source, converging lens, prism, diverging lens, screen d. source, slit, diverging lens, converging lens, screen e. source, slit,
prism, diverging lens, screen
185. What is the apparent colour of a RED SHIRT when viewed in PURE green light? A. Red b. Green c. Blue d. Black
186. The spectrum of white light consists of coloring lights arranged in the following order a. blue,
red, green, yellow, indigo, violet, orange b. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet c. red, orange, yellow, indigo,
green, blue, violet d. indigo, green, blue, violet, yellow, red, orange e. yellow, blue, green, violet, orange, indigo, red
187. When a yellow card is observed through a blue glass, the car would appear a. black b. green c. red d. white
188. Dispersion of light by a glass prism is due to the a. different hidden colours of the glass b. different speeds of various
colours in glass c. defects in the glass d. high density of glass
189. Which of the following phenomena explains the fact that a house whose roof is coated with white paint will be cooler in
the hot season than one coated with black paint? A. conduction b. convection c. refraction d. reflection
190. A spectrum of sunlight is said to be impure when a. it is made of only three colours b. it has no red colour in it c. the
different colours in it overlap d. it does not contain white light
191. Which of the following correctly explains why green leaf appears green in bright day light? I. it absorbs only the green
component of sunlight II. It absorbs all colours in sunlight except green III. It reflects only the green component of sunlight
a. I only b. II only c. I and III only d. II and III only
192. Which of the following pairs of colours gives the widest separation in the spectrum of white light? A. red
and violet b. green and yellow c. red and indigo d. yellow and violet
193. When light is incident on an object which is magenta in colour, which of the following colours would be absorbed? A. red
and blue b. green only c. red and green d. red only
194. If the Nigerian flag (green, white, green) is viewed in pure yellow light, which of the following set of colours would be
observed on the flag? A. Green, yellow, green b. Red, yellow, red c. black, yellow, black d. green, white, green
195. In the diagram below, a beam of white of light travels from a rare to a dense medium. What colour of light do the rays a, b,
and c respectively represent?
A. blue, yellow and red b. green, red and blue c. red, green and blue d. yellow, blue and red
196. The production of pure spectrum could easily be achieved using a a. triangular prism only b.
triangular prism with two concave lenses c. glass prism with a pin d. triangular prism with two convex
lenses density of the glass c. different hidden colours in the glass d. different speeds of the colours in the
glass.
197. Which of the following pairs of light rays shows the widest separation in the spectrum of white light? A. green and yellow
b. indigo and violet c. orange and red d. blue and red
198. Which of the following is a secondary colour? A. blue b. orange c. red d. gree

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