Clarker
Rdex acnstin
henctbu uhich bott
chemical
eduction takes plau
Oxidalibn and
vimultaueeuly
Oxfdatfon e Radtion
clasteal (oncspt modn Cencapt
Oxidatton educ toy
Oxfdatru
AHNO
JNHO3
2ntteJnds f,1
added
Afecy tcg ecl
3Sb + 3c Jsbcl3
octopostre elsmment
* E
2Naot +I,
Naft Ha0,
af oors aeleased
Bases
dinolutTn
HzPoy ns 3
taSoz H3 Poz hfa
HaSos chage
tthe total CatonT |Fmlbni
`alt, ~ Simply
Lcl,kt Rbc n
Rederciou
)Rera
fe,3t
Flkctonegatfue elanment d emoved
i)
4Fecl
elsctropo tre elamet
Cxtaatt(les (e) auduci n
Oxtdation
R) cemplen Anions
Noqatire caug deceases
4e
)olaculo : baakstupfîtos (onatun
peida
eduion
i ) Compler nieng
ae e change noes
v)Motecule
4 e chage fne daleoue
e chage mueases
(Ompounds
Compa aelatie
based (wittenuMaginuy 2
Covalat or
Chasge
Nat'ct
oypoundy Pouit forchouge eal o.N
galn
signagatire
oon elc fEho when
gen nmbes
is xidatien
Compount Xmyn
Reductt
un tym) me
ne)Ozidation x°t x
elactro ewhen qi postve
qen number
s *Oxtdatfon
oypeund ttat nto vtate au
etement
tiat by
qam oYelectos
loss
number
sepoeeut:
a
2ompound
a
element number, Oxflatfon
number Oxtdation
Ruleu or Calculatfon oxidafion nurnloer
a element in a Compeurd:
))In As tunebod state o o
see wtate oxidatfon numtes an elemant
) Io a Combined state oxaHon
a) Flwoe s always -! (mast
etecthenegatre elumant un a pesuodie tate)
(6) Ox4gen
(oro-)
escarglaHés n
in peroey (o-0
ee exepton
) fen hiyegen
hydaaas
Cuthon Comohad Cesen E.N a t o m ) ,
Mge, Ca tg kH
(aleta
)Allcal metasiNa t, Rh
goup)
(Be,g (as[t, Ba Ra)
alway t
) Hialogen n haldy is alwags
t3AlcizlBr3
Halegen when
k hatftex
(ombPnol e
elechonegaftve afem beaou a
Vasueble oxatfbn state
Rclo
Hcloa
Hes03
Hcto3
HxOy ’+4
3-2)
)Salphu fn vsulphidey
Ex H S
alway
lags
all ox latio
) he alqnic
number of elements iDn a neutal Compewd
t- 2
all oxdaton
Vsum of
numbers of element Pa aa aodit al ws
equal to 'As change
)Vaitablu exflattBn numbex &most
(ernmonly wheun by tvanuton, metali au
wett a pbloce elements
Ex F el+a9t3) Fet
Cylttt) ego
Prblock elenents
N CNhogen) -3,t5 t4 t 3,+2
SASen ) t3,+5
sb(Anttmony) t 3 e t5
Sn Tin ) ta+4
uter hel echon COmmon oxidaton
neumoexs
Conliguratiso
ns
O,+lt3
[Link]
t2t3H
ns np
I5 ( - ns np'
nsnpt
O,tl, t35 t6,t4
5
ns´ np
ns
Radieal Name chage
X(F,cl.8r,I) Hellle
3
-3
phos phite
Carbrl
-2
2
S Sutphfle
CyanYde
Isocyantoe
So Sulphite
Soq Sulehate
Po,3 phosphite 3
37
phosphate -3
+3
Nte on
Nog N qte on
Dralate Pon
t2
1Ri's ulphate
A-6
tetrasulphate
co hypo che vite
chloe
Chtövate
Pevchlorate
+6 -2
tanganate
pemanganate
2
Chromate Ton
ARoma te
SCN
TRiouyanate
Ysotfocyanaie
Somontum
+3
Not Nihoson fum
Bose
tomt
Naot
to NagSo tag
nfel
Natt Nao
(O0ml xN : (e0 e
Speifte
Bog
Hg8o4 Clater
rdowmality geq Hglog.
specife graity Son
glml 19
leg1 m
(000 nm
R149 HSoy 136g
Geu l34
+ 95 COmplete
) neutialt (atta
Abaye acd
NaoH
enyuralanu . Equia en
Bye
Gen wt
nf
Gfen uat,Xnf 5 ml xo|
ot 9:5 milfequialas
O-l6
Miot Ol6X2
3a,
Q5
4
fedulng
gent ortaatton
number Ok
Radution
dorating Raducing
twlfby oxiduxing
oguntacuptinine gby agert fdatfon:on Heo
oatlatforn uncees
eementan
agut?
fo
extagent
distng
: udantity
ordng
Reducesothw Oxlues
asduces
oteu A
eaction
an uohettes
elctrons electtons
aduey
deceaes
elament
seducing
elemut )
Seelucton
NatacaNa'
N+3H. 9NH
ohethr an elemont
Cemurd
agent
(S
aaduing
Cantyal =min-oN
atany that ,Canta
antral elnent atom
aform
elament MaON
Rsady fo
the elbont
aeduefig
Can art
wel e
Note!
An etamnt at ts mafmun
Ex . Helo4
45
Hclo < Hclo < Hclog <Hcloy
Hdo
+1+ ()+(-)4 )
|+2+ (- 4)
3+(4)
ypes of aedox auastöns
chemical Nentivn
Kador andity Non-ador anrton
Combin aten
)Deconmpon
3) DpÍaumnt
q)spropovfonafion
5(omprepotbnuien
)Comehalibu
Tuoo diferont eamantk (moruea Conbf
to
Ho,o
AB Sat Ba
A. no molecute Vsplt Fto too
maleculeatog
isplaemmt
mtalnon-aatiity ALative placewnt
MetaldsDisplarament )
acatfire \ A
moe
Culs) Zn
So Geactive duphond
Smtal
metal displacement
Non-mnetal
non aXuNO
lan,)t
t
In
Sou Cul wital
(a, s) uts
mita ) duplaes
depla
melal e
) DEpgonthafibn'
Vame' elonen ! occee
sam Oxdalton
simultaneeula acm
ylate to top dLecut ordation vstate
i u t oxilaton states( ou
Oagna eideticn vstake)
E Halogen talleat" d¯pcpofnati
(Naot
claBa)
cls tNaot Nact tNao
C
e aloine doe not cnderoe
Ezacty ravene
paoponTonaiicn
Ohh an element chang
dount oxidaten states
5
)Sala lbe fo
3 o7 Note! (ompbpo
aalbn
hation
Ng N-3 tot P Ev: thas
( Sa to
+6 Cl-
tot4
t
Ng, FclNaMa, Coproposto Vami
-3
Na to
+9 eleiventhowto ()
©Nudaion
Cuaa, BN
vation
a tte
s
aactfon
Combinat -
t
dispoozotwholinti Colle
Non- geclos attov
O:N
change
chemical JAaetton
in a
element io
Co lo 3
A
Mgot (oa,
Baloz
a) Neuhatfaton aeactroy
+ci Nac + ao
aFas) taota)
Non-metal
Oxidatim
J
Balancng o ssdoY gunclion
Key tem:
)Stolion
STte no- to enth type
bot balanod on bot sdes
) Balan cod en,n
’T no aBorng each type
balanc on both idu
eq
ern
chenical er
tolal on unolved
5) Specltey îon
tehh do not Tovolve the chava
fx' la,t akI
clat1ar Yspertator
Galang edor acactien
) H aud ti method
).
Buie madium
a) Lon- electin metth mdiumolt
3) Oxidalfou nunieyihsd
Bui mdjum cidie modium
On datut
eids
Ion-eletren mettod :
’mncg,tI,+kd + ,D
SBep : Remove vspectatox ons an uote
fonfc
spectafor n oxato
Reductin
tep .
Splft to Tone equaffon foto to hal!
flatton haly sacton (oMR)
Redudion hal ealib
bHR:
asasion na
tat he ho qeting batancad
on each i d
Gept Balance att the atom ett tan
Complete
am 5
Step 15
Balance 0-atoms by adding vsuitab
[Link] loalanQ bf-atbms arrdgy
nd also do the hasa balane
abaing taßie
e loalanco a)
-la+16
Net chage
SAep:6 vspectator ong
A
and batant
n. Bas medium
B) Balancag 4kcf
kot
cla tkio
wite Pon
Siep: Ramore spectator one
Redction
cquatien
clat1oz +0H.
ordatten .
ta0H
ao
automficalliy balanced hen 0ne afoms H-
o-atoms
by Batants chage. a
o Vsutalble
no
adbindacint
g by balants the harenge ons
the doFRst
Step'5
egCempl
n at uate and
Oet than otr .atoms alBalance
l
Sep:4
Step:3
Cateact RHR
RHR xn the Splft
DHR Step.a
tep
oxlatfon number mettiod!
e) cde melium balaning:
mncl,Iy.+ kct +g0
Kmny kI ¢ttcl
Step-t Rsamove spectater Tons and waite
uenie enuation odatien
Step-a calulate tha change tn o oxfdant
Qnd aedutaut t i n Caow
mutliply
Sep-3 Balan al toms Otfher than o Q H
p- Balante Ö-atoms by addingla en tthe
alrant Ae then balance tt atom bs
icient
balnu
44
Step-5 Add soec tato Ron and balanee
arentingy
B) Baie medium
Cat Io; +ot
ftom batana otthor than oe t
chag
baance
(-) Ga). (-)+-)
3 -3
atom bala nco
Cat kIO,t9ko kIo¢ta, ket aD
Sof +cl+H*
S ky Sot Cr,(so,
S03 + Clat.
HND+ HI
tHT
t623)
No3t I
kyigO 4Fego4+taSoqS0y+ (r,,
+H
S
acdutibu
odatün
+8cgt0Soa4H*
Satance othor atom
JSo4
o- afo balanca
+gcltD H
+4ctg t 5toas4
2
Sy
(-3)
-
non- 9udor equYtale molar mo
fartion nfuctoy
a) Doudle dscompoin
Mgcla taNetor3Naci ta(No)a
nf
nf2a
ný Net Pon exehanged
nat chaue exchanged
g)Paeipatatisn eatin
Pb(No), taNacl Porly ta Nao
red 1x3e
Py PH3tHgPoa
3 3
3
3
M
Rador Tration
THrato n
an
Jeq nf mley
wt
Rador Trofony qeot
Jea on qeq R0
Ad- Bayenatisn
Acd+ BagSalt+uatey
Liadiatry tlratton
Todmtt 4Rratern
St: 4
Sttp'a
Soln
ea
Joinety
becaw fo base
actat medium enly
Seqinud to cri 35ml o
. 5 M: feßo
soulien n acdic moum ?
N.V N.V
[Link].v
5
9t6xV G5x X35
5Y35
6
|45
Calulate moles
kMno acd medim to (emlel,
orlse moles
oxalate )
teid.'t
heetzal
3
nf
Mnot
5 8. 2
6
Caleulsts ae moles e cxallt acid iegeiao
sequd
to eact se
mediuun).
Molteis Salt eact
a5grams hamples of
kmnar
ac i modfum Cateulate peniase
pusty Mehr's balt?
molnyt ialt |oPuity:Rune Substam ut
te Soy: (NH), So6Hg0 4o Sampwt
2X6: 64 t-motes
343
oMohtd Vsalt e
eq
W O. \x5O
G1:f.W -5ili equials
312
W= 39.9 X xI6
948X6
3 3
18.4.
Na,co3
2319t latt6x3
t6. 53)56
3
(06
Calcuta te e Valieme
to weact
Nagl0z Coutatntng cquim ala
ameunts
Hc
(g)
Nag Co3t NaHcoz
-12
geo : Givenf ot
Graun eq, s t
Gam eg-wt moll max
nf 53
)XIb -Net)
63
O.g42
13)420
380 45
380
0.56
63
84
)-NHcl(t):
53
+5.6 |NOO0- tHcllm)
53
|.05
4( .05) 5) 56
300
l05
265
50
35
.52+-05)xIC0 = VHc (m)
VHel:t59ml|
9.0(M kt souuffon w 4flrated.
ro ted oih 50 m
(evaked
solutioo Caltulate th me
Mcuion
the neactb hDuld
be samo
oM(
houtd be
(gço)
acli mdium
(Mong)[Link]
hygo dapropotovafim
tas pla
nf, : l9x0.5
Somi e H,o, wns treated toith ex(y
Ha
áoition
welutien yeov Compto asaslton -Calulal,
=20mlxo(N
Myo m amill equRnloude
-3 3 3
Oa at STP lais
Many
by al4 Haa
Qg, at stP
Moteg
le
Nome sthength
MHA Voume (L)
Volume sthength
4
Volume shengt