Assignment One Engineering Thermodynamics Individual Assignment
Problems On Chapter One
1. An office worker claims that a cup of cold coffee on his table warmed up to 80°C by picking
up energy from the surrounding air, which is at 25°C. Is there any truth to his claim? Does this
process violate any thermodynamic laws?
2. A large fraction of the thermal energy generated in the engine of a car is rejected to the air by
the radiator through the circulating water. Should the radiator be analyzed as a closed system
or as an open system? Explain.
3. A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the refrigerator so that it will cool. Would
you model the can of soft drink as a closed system or as an open system? Explain.
4. Is the number of moles of a substance contained in a system an extensive or intensive property?
5. Is the state of the air in an isolated room completely specified by the temperature and the
pressure? Explain.
6. Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy at 20°C,
whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the systems are brought
into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer between the two
systems.
7. Consider a system whose temperature is 18°C. Express this temperature in R, K, and °F.
8. The temperature of a system drops by 45°F during a cooling process. Express this drop in
temperature in K, R, and °C.
9. What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure?
10. Explain why some people experience nose bleeding and some others experience shortness of
breath at high elevations.
11. Someone claims that the absolute pressure in a liquid of constant density doubles when the
depth is doubled. Do you agree? Explain.
12. A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 35 kPa at a location where the atmospheric
pressure is 92 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber.
13. A pressure gage connected to a tank reads 500 kPa at a location where the atmospheric pressure
is 94 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank.
14. The gage pressure in a liquid at a depth of 3 m is read to be 42 kPa. Determine the gage pressure
in the same liquid at a depth of 9 m.
15. The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 9 m is read to be 185 kPa. Determine
(a) the local atmospheric pressure and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 5 m in a liquid
𝜌𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐
whose specific gravity is 0.85 at the same location. [Specific gravity 𝑆𝐺 = ]
𝜌𝐻2 𝑂
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Assignment One Engineering Thermodynamics Individual Assignment
16. The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 750 mbars at the beginning of a hiking trip and 650
mbars at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local gravitational acceleration, determine
the vertical distance climbed. Assume an average air density of 1.20 kg/m3
17. The basic barometer can be used to measure the height of a building. If the barometric readings
at the top and at the bottom of a building are 675 and 695 mmHg, respectively, determine the
height of the building. Take the densities of air and mercury to be 1.18 kg/m3 and 13,600 kg/m3,
respectively.
18. Both a gage and a manometer are attached to a gas tank to measure its pressure. If the reading
on the pressure gage is 80 kPa, determine the distance between the two fluid levels of the
manometer if the fluid is (a) mercury (ρ = 13,600 kg/m3) or (b) water (ρ = 1000 kg/m3).
.
19 A manometer containing oil (ρ = 850 kg/m3) is attached to a tank filled with air. If the oil-level
difference between the two columns is 80 cm and the atmospheric pressure is 98 kPa, determine
the absolute pressure of the air in the tank.
20 Calculate the absolute pressure, P1, of the manometer shown in Fig. in kPa. The local
atmospheric pressure is 758 mmHg
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Assignment One Engineering Thermodynamics Individual Assignment
Problems On Chapter Two
1. Complete this table for H2O:
2. Saturated liquid water at 60◦C is put under pressure to decrease the volume by 1% while
keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be compressed?
3. Water at 200 kPa with a quality of 25% has its temperature raised 20◦C in a constant-
pressure process. What is the new quality and volume?
4. Saturated water vapor at 60◦C has its pressure decreased to increase the volume by 10%
while keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure should it be expanded?
5. A piston/cylinder arrangement is loaded with a linear spring and the outside
atmosphere. It contains water at 5 MPa, 400◦C, with the volume being 0.1 m3, as shown
in Fig. below. If the piston is at the bottom, the spring exerts a force such that P lift =
200 kPa. The system now cools until the pressure reaches 1200 kPa. Find the mass of
water and the final state (T2, v2) and plot the P–v diagram for the process.
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Assignment One Engineering Thermodynamics Individual Assignment
Problems On Chapter Three
Part 1
1. Consider a two-part process with an expansion from 0.1 to 0.2 m3 at a constant
pressure of 150 kPa followed by an expansion from 0.2 to 0.4 m3 with a linearly
rising pressure from 150 kPa ending at 300 kPa. Show the process in a P–V diagram
and find the boundary work.
2. A piston/cylinder contains 1.5 kg of water at 200kPa, 150◦C. It is now heated by a
process in which pressure is linearly related to volume to a state of 600 kPa, 350◦C.
Find the final volume and the work in the process.
3. A steam radiator in a room at 25◦C has saturated water vapor at 110 kPa flowing
through it when the inlet and exit valves are closed. What are the pressure and the
quality of the water when it has cooled to 25◦C? How much work is done?
4. 1-kg of water that is initially at 90 oC with a quality of 10 percent occupies a spring-
loaded piston–cylinder device, such as that in Fig. below. This device is now heated
until the pressure rises to 800 kPa and the temperature is 250oC. Determine the total
work produced during this process, in kJ
5. Air is contained in a variable-load piston-cylinder device equipped with a paddle
wheel. Initially, air is at 400 kPa and 17oC. The paddle wheel is now turned by an
external electric motor until 75 kJ/kg of work has been transferred to air. During
this process, heat is transferred to maintain a constant air temperature while
allowing the gas volume to triple. Calculate the required amount of heat transfer, in
kJ/kg.
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Assignment One Engineering Thermodynamics Individual Assignment
Part II
1. A diffuser, shown in Fig. P6.28, has air entering at 100 kPa and 300 K with a velocity of 200 m/s. The
inlet cross-sectional area of the diffuser is 100 mm2. At the exit the area is 860 mm2, and the exit velocity
is 20 m/s. Determine the exit pressure and temperature of the air.
2. A small turbine, shown in Fig. P6.46, is operated at part load by throttling a 0.25-kg/s steam supply at
1.4 MPa and 250◦C down to 1.1 MPa before it enters the turbine, and the exhaust is at 10 kPa. If the
turbine produces 110 kW, find the exhaust temperature (and quality if saturated).
3. Steam at 3 MPa and 400°C enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily with a velocity of 40 m/s and leaves at
2.5 MPa and 300 m/s. Determine (a) the exit temperature and (b) the ratio of the inlet to exit area A1/A2.
4. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 4 MPa, 500oC,
and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 30 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of
the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power output, and (c) the turbine
inlet area.
5. A thin-walled double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool oil (cp = 2.20 kJ/kg·oC) from
150 to 40 oC at a rate of 2 kg/s by water ((cp = 4.18 kJ/kg· oC) that enters at 22 oC at a rate of 1.5 kg/s.
Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger and the exit temperature of water.
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