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DIAGNÓSTICO Y REPARACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE TRANSMISIÓN
Semester V [Link]
Objetivo General

▪ Upon completing the module development, the learner will be able to

carry out the diagnosis and repair of the power transmission system of the
motor vehicle, using the manufacturer's specifications, equipment and
appropriate tools, carrying out quality control of the service and
applying safety standards at work, occupational health and the
environmental care.

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 Diagnosis and Repair of
Transmission System

Task No. 1
Diagnose and repair the tree
cardan / constant velocity joints

Automotive Mechanic
 Tarea N°1: diagnosticar y reparar el árbol cardán / juntas homocinéticas

Cardan shaft

Homokinetic joints

Adjustment angles of the drive shaft

Diagnostic procedures for noises

abnormalities in the system

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 Cardan tree
It is the element itself that will transmit
the turn, that’s why it must have a
very strong steel construction.
The propeller shaft or transmission shaft
he is in charge of managing the business of
motor to the wheels that are on an axle
different, that is to say, you will find it
in a front-engine vehicle,
but with rear-wheel or all-wheel drive. It
it is therefore about a bar or bars,
que junto con otros elementos, tienen
that supports the torque without
to deteriorate or cause vibrations.

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 Homokinetic joints
A homokinetic joint or joint of
constant speed is a coupling
articulated mechanic, in which the speed
the rotation of the output shaft is the same
than the input shaft,
regardless of the angle of
transmission I worked with the
articulation.
They are located at the tips of the
transmission gears and connect it
gear for the inner tip of the differential and
through the outer tip to the spindle of the
wheel. The articulated joint is bathed in
grease preventing the wear of the
internal elements.
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 Adjustment angles of the cardan shaft
When a universal joint is used
simple to connect two axes, you
it obtains a non-uniform transmission of the
movement. To eliminate this
there is a problem that requires using a joint
double or a transmission with angles β1
yβ2 equal, the mounting arrangement
it can be according to the drawings Z or W.

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 Diagnostic procedures for abnormal noises in the
system
Any universal joint has a speed
vibration criticism that should not
to reach oneself never during the
operation. It depends primarily
from the distance between the two joints
and from the bending stiffness of the tube
used. In practice, it is influenced
also due to the state of wear of the
cardan shaft, in particular from the union of
striped tree of compensation
length. The excess of the critical speed
vibration causes oscillations and failure
premature of the cardan tree and of the
connected devices.
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 Diagnosis and Repair of
Transmission System

Task No. 2
Diagnose and repair the bridge
propulsor with mechanism
differential

Automotive Mechanic
 Task No. 2: diagnose and repair the propeller bridge with mechanism
differential
Driving bridge (rear wheel drive)

The dial gauge Differential mechanism

Procedures for the Procedures of

repair of the set diagnosis of noises
propelling bridge with abnormals on the bridge
differential mechanism propeller
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 Propulsion bridge (rear wheel drive)
In a vehicle, it is the set that
supports the body and the wheels. It
applies more properly to the set of
elements that unite the tree of
transmission to the rear wheels (engine
front-engine and rear-wheel drive.
The main function of the propulsion bridge
it transmits the engine's driving force
to the wheels.

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 Differential mechanism
It is a mechanical element responsible for
transfer the rotation produced by the
motor towards the wheels responsible for the
traction, that is to say, it allows that the
wheels on the right and left
they rotate at different speeds, depending on the
curve that the vehicle is taking,
this means that when a vehicle
take a right turn, the
the wheel on this side makes one more rotation
short compared to the left wheel,
and the same happens in the opposite case.

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 Diagnostic procedures for abnormal noises in the
propulsion bridge
It is to conduct tests to determine the status
functioning of the rear bridge. It
they do before doing a job of
repair on the bridge, to make it more
effectively solving a failure.
1erstep: road test. If it starts to
sounding at low speed may be due to
inadequate preload of the drive pinion or
damaged gear.
2dostep: test with vehicle stationary.
Move the strap up and down and vice versa.
driven pinion to determine if it has play
its bearing.

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 Procedures for the repair of the bridge assembly
propeller with differential mechanism
Repairing the posterior bridge is to make the
necessary regulations and adjustments of the
components using the instruments
adequate. Assembling the rear bridge is
assemble its components by locating them
in its corresponding position. It
disassemble / repair / assemble the bridge
posterior to eliminate failures that are
can be presented, in order to achieve a
good performance.

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 The dial gauge
A dial gauge or comparator of
A quadrant is a measuring instrument.
of dimensions that is used for
compare things through measurement
indirect measurement of the displacement of a tip
spherical contact when the device
it is fixed on a support. It consists of a
gear mechanism or levers that
amplifies the movement of the rod in a
circular movement of the hands over
circular graduated scales that allow
obtain measurements with a precision of
hundredths or thousandths of a millimeter
(micras).

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 Diagnosis and Repair of
Transmission System

Task N°3
Diagnose and repair the
clutch mechanism

Automotive Mechanic
 Task No. 3: diagnose and repair the clutch mechanism

Clutch mechanism

Friction clutches

Procedures for diagnosis of

faults

Procedures for diagnosis of

noise

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 Clutch mechanism
The clutch is the component responsible
to transmit the engine's power to
the car's gearbox,
allowing what we can
manually, make the change of
marches while absorbing the
transmission jolts.
Its function, therefore, is so simple.
as essential, since it separates and
link the engine's rotation to the transmission
to free the movement towards the
wheels whenever there is a gear
grenade.

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 Friction clutches
The friction clutch is made up of
by a motor part, which transmits the
I turn to a led part, using
for this purpose the existing adherence
between the two elements, and to those who are
they apply a certain pressure, which
they are strongly united against each other.
The friction clutch is composed of
for two parts: the clutch disc and
the pressure plate, therefore, is
controls the transmission of the torque,
by springs or by diaphragm.

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 Procedures for failure diagnosis
It is to carry out a set of tests on the
clutch mechanism, for
determine the operating status
of the mechanism and provide a diagnosis
about its operability.
Tests are conducted on the mechanism of
clutch before doing a job of
repair and make more effective the
solution to a failure.
Test clutch decoupling.
Test clutch slippage.
Test clutch engagement.
Test if the clutch makes sounds.

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 Procedures for the diagnosis of noises
First, you need to locate the source of the noise with
the help of an assistant.
With the engine off, have an assistant work.
with the clutch pedal. Open the hood and use a
mechanical stethoscope for listening
attentively throughout the release mechanism.
Si el automóvil es ruidoso cuando la transmisión
it is at a standstill, but the noise disappears
when the clutch pedal is pressed, it is
it's possible that the noise is coming from a bearing
worn out of the input shaft.
If when pressing the clutch pedal, a sound is heard
a squeak, this generally indicates problems.
with the release bearing. The bearing of
liberation can wear out, the lubricant can dry out
internal or damage the bearing.

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 Diagnosis and Repair of
Transmission System

Task No. 4
Diagnose and repair the box of
mechanics changes

Automotive Mechanic
 Task No. 4: diagnose and repair the manual transmission

Mechanical gearbox (rear wheel drive and

front-wheel drive

Procedures for failure diagnosis and

noises

Techniques for disassembly and assembly of

mechanical gearboxes

Gearbox repair process

mechanics

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 Mechanical gearbox (rear-wheel drive and traction
front
The gearbox, also known
as a gearbox, therefore, it is
an essential component of
vehicle transmission system. Its
the function is to act as an intermediary between
the crankshaft and the wheels of the vehicle,
way that they always obtain the
motor necessary to move the
vehicle going up and down the amount
of revolutions to get the most out of it
possible benefit to the engine of our
vehicle.

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 Procedures for diagnosing faults and noises
They are tests to determine the status
operation of the box of
mechanics changes. They are made before
do repair work on the
mechanical gearbox for making
more effective the solution of a failure.
•1erstep: test if the gears
They crunch during the change.
•2dostep: test if the changes fit
with difficulty.
•3erstep: test sliding of
gears.
•4tostep: test if they are produced
sounds or noises.
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 Techniques for disassembly and assembly of gearboxes
mechanics
To disassemble a gearbox
mechanics, it is recommended to follow the
next steps:
Place the vehicle in an elevated area and
disconnect the battery cable.
Disconnect the selector cable
reverse, loosen the locking nut
and the clutch cable.
Disconnect the indicator cable
speed, as well as the switch of the
reverse light.
Disconnect the stems from the selector
gearbox speeds, remove the cover from the
flywheel and engine, then to disassemble it
mechanical gearbox of the vehicle.
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 Process of repairing mechanical gearbox
Before starting the disassembly of
transeje, visually check for leaks of
oil and other problems.
Remove the set from the lever axis
of changes and selector.
Remove the security nut.
Remove the spring ring from the gear
of 5th.
Measure the thrust clearance of the gear
of 5th.
Measure the thrust clearance of each
gear.
Inspect the synchronization rings.
Measure the clearance of the forks
change and the sleeves of the cube.

[Link]
 Diagnosis and Repair of
Transmission System

Task No. 5
Diagnose and repair the box of
automatic changes

Automotive Mechanic
 Task No. 5: diagnose and repair the automatic transmission

Automatic transmission (traction

rear and front-wheel drive

Procedures for the

Torque converter
diagnosis of faults and noises

Transmission Gearbox Repair process of

Continuous Variable - CVT the gearbox
automatic

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 Automatic transmission (rear-wheel drive and drive
forward)
The automatic transmission is a
power transmission mechanism,
what replaces the gearbox
mechanics, and unlike it the
changes are made in a manner
automatically, in an appropriate manner.
To select a change, the control
solenoid valve hydraulic of the
transmission takes into account the load of
engine and the speed of the vehicle;
information that arrives at the control
hydraulic through signals
electric.
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 Torque converter
The torque converter is basically a
improved hydraulic clutch, which
allows to adjust the pair combination
speed according to the needs.
It can be defined as a combination
of clutch and gear shifting:
clutch, because it fulfills that mission and
gear shifting, why is it
able to multiply the pair.
A torque hydraulic converter is
consisting of the following elements:
Bomb
Turbine
Reactor or stator
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 Process of repairing the automatic transmission
The process of repairing the gearbox,
consists of refurbishing and/or changing the
components that are in bad condition
state.
Remove oil deposit.
Remove the oil pump.
Remove the brake drum.
Repair oil pump.
Repair inertia brake components
second-hand.
Repair clutch components
direct drive and braking mechanisms.
Repair clutch components of
advance and planetary gear.
Assemble components.

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 Continuously Variable Transmission - CVT
The basic principle on which a box is based.
CVT is in the two-pulley system, one connected
to the motor (driving pulley) and another connected
to the wheels (driven pulley), which vary
progressively their effective diameters, from
way that while one increases, the other
decrease, and vice versa, since these pulleys
are connected by a strap or chain whose
length remains constant. This is how
an infinite number of relationships is achieved
of transmission limited by a relationship
minimum and another maximum.
This transmission is different because it does not
employ gears what connect
directly the engine to the wheels.
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 Procedures for diagnosing faults and noises
The most common failures in this type of
transmission is mainly:
The vehicle overheats and tends to
to get blocked through the computer.
Temperature sensor problems like this
like in sensor A and B.
The vehicle starts very slowly, it feels
very heavy, as if the engine were losing power
too much power.
The vehicle simply does not move.
Too much internal noise coming from the
transmission.
In case your vehicle presents
Some of these failures are recommended.
stop it immediately, so you can avoid a
more severe damage in transmission.
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