BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF PEOPLE'S POWER FOR DEFENSE

NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
FROM THE ARMED FORCES (UNEFA)
AMAZONAS NUCLEUS PTO. AYACUCHO

EL
FORMAT
Professor: High school graduate

Cecilia Escalante. Misael Tovar.

Drawing. C.I: 26.664.498

June, 2021
 INTRODUCTION.

Technical drawing is the language through which engineers and technicians express and
they record their ideas and the necessary information for their practical application. When making the
Technical drawings do not take arbitrary measurements for the drawing paper as this
would lead to wastage of it; having surveyed the requirements, it
they establish different drawing formats, which is the standardized box within which
All the technical drawings are made, as well as the title block and labeling.

Standard paper sizes in most of the world are based on the formats
defined in the year 1922 in the DIN 476 standard of the 'German Institute for Standardization',
better known as DIN. This standard has been developed by the Berlin engineer Dr.
Walter Porstmann resembles forgotten sketches dated from the time of the Revolution.
French, this is where the main objective of the following research work lies, which is based on
exploring the topic further, as they are part of technical drawing, and it is the field where
The normalization has been implemented in the most evident and necessary way.

The importance of it is that the drawings must be archived, and the sheets must
to have minimum and maximum measurements for each format and the industry standards
internationally establish beforehand the possible formats, box and labeling that
They must use the sheets in technical drawing, so it is essential to know them.

The proposed topics will be presented below, with a structure of: cover,
introduction, development of them, conclusion and bibliographic references, taking into account
count, as always, the formal aspects of writing.
 THE FORMAT
CONCEPT:
It is called format to the sheet of paper on which a drawing is made, whose shape and dimensions
in millimeters, they are standardized.

A format is the size, position, and standardized dimensions that a sheet has.
paper. All technical documents must be prepared in standardized formats, of
this way the processes of: drawing, reproduction, binding, and archiving are simplified;
as well as its presentation in folders

The largest format of each series is number 0. It is also called the original format, because
from him come the others, dividing it into two equal parts. In drawing, the
formats "A0", "A1", "A2", "A3" and "A4". An "A0" is twice as large as an "A1".

CHARACTERISTICS
We understand format as the shape and dimensions of the paper on which the ...
technical drawings.

Ante la gran variedad de formas y tamaños diferentes que se empleaban en los diseños
technicians, which hindered the graphic reproduction and exchange of documents
Technicians created a standard that unified the sizes of formats, the UNE 1-026 standard.
83, coinciding with ISO 5457.

The formats can be used in vertical or horizontal (landscape) position.

SERIES.
Currently, there are three series of different formats, depending on the use for which they are intended.
destined

Serie A: formats used in the drawing.

 Series B and C: are deducted from series A, and are used for envelopes, filing, framing,
among others.
Serie A.

All formats of the A series are obtained from an original format, the A0.
dividing its greater dimension into two equal parts successively.

Serie B

The dimensions of the B0 format are obtained by calculating the geometric mean.
From format A0, therefore, the formats in series B will be larger than those in A.

3. Series C.

The formats of series C are larger than those of A but smaller than those of B.
they are usually used in commercial documents.

The C0 format is obtained by calculating the geometric mean between the A0 format and
the B0 format.

As is the case in series A, the other formats of series B and C are obtained from the
formats B0 and C0, respectively.

The dimensions of these formats give rise to:

a) Initial format: it is cut directly from the roll or sheet of paper to

build the nominal format.
b) Nominal format: it is the one that limits the working area and within which, it is drawn.
the established margins.
c) Final format: it is the one that results from drawing a margin around the nominal format for
the final cut of the format.

Typically, for teaching work, the formats are trimmed by the margins that
they make up the nominal format.

All formats are drawn in landscape or horizontal orientation, except for the A4 format,
where its largest dimension (297) will correspond to the vertical.

The DIN A standards establish that all formats must be:

Geometrically similar to each other.

Rectangular in shape.
Measured in millimeters.

The school formats that are preferably used in the different educational centers
of the country, are A4 (210x297mm), because they allow for comfortable work on
 the desks and drawing tables that exist in public schools and colleges throughout the
country.

Just like school formats, industrial ones are also standardized. DIN
recommend the following scales:

For industrial works or drawings:

1:25; 1:20; 1:200

["1.5","1:50","1:500"]

["1:10","1:100","1:1000"]

For reductions:

2:1; 5:1; 10:1; 20:1

Likewise, it recommends the different scales that should be used for the drawings of
civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and architecture.

THE BOX
CONCEPT:
The box, also called a labeling frame, is a fundamental part of the plan.
It consists of a rectangle that is located in the lower right area of all the sheets. In
he writes down all the information about the represented piece, name, reference, name
of the draftsman and the date of drawing and other useful information. The rectangle has a length
of 185mm and its height may vary depending on the company, being fixed at this
size regardless of the format in which it is used.

The legend is usually placed in the bottom right corner of the drawing, as long as
the size of the plan and the box allow it. In cases where the box covers the entire
We will place the width of the plane at the bottom of it.

PURPOSE:

In all technical drawings, it is necessary to identify and place certain characteristics of the drawing or
the piece that is being drawn, as well as the details of who made the drawing, the scale to the
what was done the drawing, etc. For this purpose, a is used at the bottom of the format
box called labeling box, to indicate through labels, titles or
letters, the general identification of the sheet and other important information and data
complementary to the drawing.
 ASPECTS TO CONSIDER

There is a wide variety of label box designs, they only differ in structure,
the measures, the content, the data they consist of and the places where they are placed, not
however, these common characteristics can be observed:

The observations are brief and concise; in some cases, the abbreviation is sufficient.

The most important data, which is given the most space, is the title or designation of the
drawing.

The letters and numbers recorded in the box are in standardized handwriting and different.
nominal height.

The lines that form its structure and the box of the cells are of various thicknesses.

Drawing of a box for an A4 format.

The letters and numbers can be in DIN16 or DIN17 typography, and have a nominal height of
free choice adapting to the defined space.

The labels should be properly centered.

Guidelines and auxiliary lines are drawn as deemed appropriate, and graphite pencils are used.
hard or semi-hard for fine lines and soft lead for thick lines.

It must include the following data:

1) Name of the school or institution.

Title or designation of the sheet.

3) Objective number.

4) Sheet number.
5) Student's name.

Course and section.

Date of preparation.

Space for the rating

LABELING

CONCEPT:
In drawing, lettering refers to the set of elements such as: words, letters,
numbers and symbols, which help us clarify what the drawing alone cannot express.

For good labeling, the following rules must be taken into account:

a) Knowing their correct forms.

b) Draw guideline lines for its height.

c) Draw guide lines for its inclination.

d) Order and direction of the strokes.

Guidelines for height.

There are no fixed rules regarding the measurements and proportions that letters should have.
labeled signs and symbols, but whatever these measures may be must be determined
by means of two auxiliary lines or guide lines, one upper and one lower.
 The distance between these two guide lines determines the height of each labeled element.

The guide lines must be parallel, very thin, and drawn with the pencil lead well.
sharp.

Between each pair of guide lines, the same distance must be maintained in order to achieve
uniformity in labeling.

IMPORTANCE:
Labeling is an integral part of a drawing as it explains some aspects, indicates
dimensions and shape are part of a presentation. That is why poorly done labeling diminishes the
quality of work in general.

The purpose of labeling is to provide in writing all the necessary information about a
Drawing and the name is because the type of letters and numbers must be drawn according to the
techniques.

CALLIGRAPHY DIN 16
Calligraphy (From Greek: Kalos, Beauty and Grafos, Writing) is the art of writing with letters.
correctly formed.

The DIN (German Industry Norm) standards of Germany have chosen two types of
writing that corresponds to characteristics of uniformity and clarity is identified with
DIN 16 and DIN 17.

Labeling or calligraphy DIN 16 is italic or slanted and DIN 17 is vertical.

Inclination: the inclination of the letters and numbers in DIN 16 typography is 75°
Regarding the horizontal, this value can be determined with the help of the squares.
superimposing the corresponding angles of 45° and 30° respectively.

Proportions of the letters: The letters must maintain perfect proportionality and
uniformity in its height, for this a guide line is drawn. The fundamentals are two
parallel horizontal lines whose separation follows an established proportion and that
it depends on the capital letters.

The height of uppercase letters, called nominal height (h), is divided into seven equal parts and
determines each of the different dimensions of the letters, so we have:

the height of the uppercase letters has the value of seven divisions (7/7h).

The height of the lowercase letters is divided into five divisions (5/7h).
 the thickness of the strokes a division (1/7h).

The separation between the letters one or two divisions (1/7 or 2/7H).

Separation between words: The separation between words is 4/7 of the normal height h.
In practice, the separation between words is considered as one more letter.

Line spacing: It can be half to one and a half times the height of the letters.

Structure and layout of letters and numbers: Knowing the height and thickness of the strokes
it is necessary to study the letters:

The width of the letters.

The order and the direction of the drawing.

The letters can have a width of 5/7h, and the strokes will be from top to bottom, the strokes
vertical and inclined, and from left to right the horizontal strokes.

When the letters have horizontal and vertical strokes, the vertical ones are drawn first and
then the horizontals.

DIN 17 CALLIGRAPHY
The DIN17 and DIN16 calligraphy only differ in the slant of each.
while the DIN16 is inclined at 75°, the DIN17 is straight or vertical, forming an angle of 90°;
in other aspects they are governed by the same rules; thus we have that just like the DIN16,
here, the nominal height 'h' is taken as determined by the capital or upper case letters, this
height is divided into 7 equal parts.

The different dimensions s are expressed by means of a fraction in this way:

Height of uppercase or tall letters = 7/7h (nominal height).

Normal width of capital letters = 5/7h

Height of the numbers=7/7h

Thickness or thickness of the strokes=1/7h

Upper and lower projections of the small letters = 2/7h

Normal spacing between letters=2/7h

Width of lowercase letters = 4/7h

Width of the numbers=4/7h

Distance between the words = 4/7h

Distance between lines or rows = 1 1/7h

Process for creating labels in DIN17 calligraphy freehand.

1) Determination of the guideline: two horizontal guiding lines are drawn that set the height of
the letters. These lines must be thin and subtle, their separation can be 7mm or
10mm.

2) Drawing auxiliary lines: Vertical lines are drawn that determine the width and the
distance between them of each letter. The normal width is 5mm except for some letters
where the A-M and W measure 6mm; the J and L measure 4mm and the I 1mm.

The general distance between the letters is 2mm, but it is greater or lesser between the letters that
They must be separated 'by eye' due to their shape, and wings of the letters that precede or follow them.
they continue.

Another parallel horizontal line can be drawn. Another parallel horizontal line can be drawn.
to the guide lines that serve to determine the height of the horizontal stroke of some letters:
B-H-E-F-G-R (the feature of the A goes a little lower)

3) Sketch of the labeling: The strokes that must be continuous are drawn with soft lines.
4) Reinforcement and filling of the lettering sketch: The strokes are revisited with thicker lines.
Firm and thick, the thickness of the strokes must be the same for all the letters.
The guide lines and auxiliary lines are erased.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIN 16 AND 17.

 CONCLUSION

It is important to keep in mind the guidelines that are in place before undertaking any work.
related to design or technical drawing, those guidelines are: the formats of
papers that must be followed for drawing; labeling, which indicates the correct way to
enumerate or name elements within the drawing; the guide lines that serve to organize the
labeling in the drawing; school formats (are the most used).

Labeling is the art involved in creating a sign or poster. It is all

perfection that is achieved when tracing the literals of it.

The space designated within the nominal format is called a box,

write the information regarding the drawing and be able to identify it. Every plan drawing must
to carry a box that gathers additional information about the drawing made, for example
quien: lo dibuja, lo revisa y la escala ha la que está hecho el dibujo.

A graphical language is required to show the complete description of a plan.

form and layout, and the writing to indicate the measurements, titles, methods of work,
types of material and other information.

Since technical drawing requires precision and accuracy, they are used in its execution
tools and materials whose theoretical and practical knowledge are necessary for the drawer,
Similarly, we must understand the standardization regarding formats, box, and
labeling to carry out the assigned tasks neatly allowing for description
precisely and clearly the dimensions, shapes, and characteristics of those objects
materials, when making a technical drawing, arbitrary measurements are not taken for the paper
employ, otherwise this would create a great disorder when it comes to storage of the
it is about the same.
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES.

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