Masonry Wall Prisms: Construction & Testing
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ScribdTranslationsMasonry Wall Prisms: Construction & Testing
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsWALL PRISMS OF
Masonry
GENERAL ASPECTS OF MASONRY
• Masonry is defined as a set of interlocked units or
adhered to each other with some material, such as clay mortar or
cement. As a result, it is a material of weak units
united or attached.
Components of Masonry
• Masonry Units
The masonry unit is the basic component for construction of the
masonry. It is made from various raw materials; clay, concrete of
Portland cement and the mixture of silica and lime are the main ones. It is formed by
molding, used in combination with different compaction methods
• Mortar
The main function of mortar in masonry is to bond the units.
correcting the geometric irregularities in height that you have, as well as
seal the joints against air and moisture penetration. When the wall of
Masonry is load-bearing vertically, the mortar also serves a function.
resistant, so it is advisable that the compressive strengths of the
units and the mortar are similar.
Load-bearing and non-load-bearing wall
• Load-Bearing Wall
Wall designed and built in such a way that it can transmit loads
horizontal and verticals from one level to the lower level or to the foundation.
These walls make up the structure of a masonry building and
they must have vertical continuity.
• Non-load bearing wall
Wall designed and built in such a way that it only carries loads
coming from its own weight and transverse loads to its plane. They are, by
example, the parapets and the fences.
NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK
• NTP E.070. (2006). TECHNICAL STANDARD E. 070 MASONRY.
MINISTERIAL RESOLUTION N° 011-2006-HOUSING.
• NTP 399.621 "Diagonal compression testing method on walls"
of masonry
• NTP 399.605 "Testing method for the determination of the
compression resistance of masonry prisms
• NTP 399.610 "Standard Specification for Mortars"
Compression resistance of brick prisms
In the real walls, the bricks are not
stacked one on top of the other, but with
some kind of mooring. The heights and the
slendernesses are much greater than the
of the prisms. However, if they do not occur
previous failures, due to elastic instability or
por excentricidad de la carga, la forma de
the failure of the wall is similar to that of the
prism. This means that on the walls
tensile cracking occurs
transversal.
Diagonal compressive strength of masonry walls
• The compression test
diagonal on the walls of
masonry is used for
determine the resistance
pure cut characteristic (v′m)
and eventually if it happens
instrument and record the
diagonal deformations,
to determine the modulus of
bricklaying cut ( m).
According to the NTP E070 standard
Masonry walls and piers
• Para realizar la investgación de muretes y pilas de albañilería, lo más
necessary and without which nothing can be done, are the materials,
for which we have used:
• Brick King Kong H10.
• Portland Cement Type IP.
• Supermix fine aggregate.
• Sulfur for battery coating.
• Plaster for the capping of walls.
King Kong Brick
• Physical characteristics
-Denominación : King Kong Hércules 10
Measurements: 10x14x24 cm
-Peso : 3.33 kg
-Rendimiento/m2 : 34
• Classification
-Tipo : IV
-Alabeo: 4 mm
Compression resistance: 130 kg/cm2
Dimension variation: ±4 (Up to 100mm)
±3 (Up to 150mm)
±2 (More than 150mm)
Portland Cement Type IP
• State-of-the-art cement produced under the highest standards of
cement industry, collaborates with the environment, in accordance with the
NTP 334.090 and ASTM C 595 standard, recommended for all types of work
civil
• Properties
High resistance to sulfate attack, ideal for port works exposed to
seawater, also in channels, sewers, tunnels, and soils with high
sulfate content.
Under hydration heat.
Greater impermeability.
Greater resistance to compression.
Considered the flagship cement for meeting the demands of the
Type I, II, and IV cements.
Fine Aggregate
• These aggregates comply with
all the specifications of the
ASTM C-33, which can be
crushed, sieved, and washed.
Tinajones Aggregate Plant - Arequipa
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF THE
BATTERIES
• Brick Irrigation
The bricks were soaked with water 15 hours before the construction of the
masonry prisms were watered with clay bricks during
half an hour.
• Construction of piles
Six stacks were made, two for each mortar thickness of 1.5cm.
2cm and 2.5cm.
TEST PROCEDURE OF
AXIAL COMPRESSION
• Battery transport
A lot of care was taken with all the prisms at the time of
transport them
• Taking measurements for the test
The masonry piles were measured before being tested.
The issue with the compression machine was presented, as the
piles measured approximately 45 cm which prevented the experiment from being conducted
in that machine.
• The diagonal compression test is performed according to the procedure
specified by the Peruvian technical standard NTP 399.621 which is similar
a ASTM E 519-00. The load P is applied monotonically.
increasing, at a speed of 1 ton/min until breaking the
to die.
• The way to measure slenderness is:
• Battery powered
The upper and lower caps of the prism must be parallel, in addition
the average thickness of the coating layer shall not exceed 3 mm,
according to NTP 339.605. Testing Method for the Determination of the
Compression Resistance of Masonry Prisms.
• Testing of batteries in the compression machine
A final cleaning of the piles was first carried out.
masonry with a brush to remove the dust, then they went
transferred to the location of the rehearsal.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF THE WALLS
• Watering the bricks
He soaked the bricks with water 15 hours before the construction of the
masonry prisms were watered with clay bricks during
half an hour. 15 hours before the construction of the prisms of
masonry proceeded to wet the clay bricks for half
hour.
• Construction of the walls
The construction was carried out according to the standard procedure,
controlling the horizontal alignment using the string, the height with
the scantling and the verticality with a level and plumb line.
• Setting of wall
The thickness of the mortar joints was controlled with a ruler.
wood (scantling), prior to this rule, some marks are made on it
that indicate the height of each of the rows to be placed.
GENERALITIES
• The size of the specimen has been chosen as the smallest size that
it would be reasonably representative of a masonry wall to
natural scale, and that allows the use of testing machines such
like those used in many laboratories.
• The shear resistance of the masonry () will be determined in a manner
empirical (referring to tables or historical records of resistance of
the units) or by prism tests, according to the
importance of the building and the seismic zone where it is located,
as indicated in Table 7.
• The Capping
It applies to the areas of the prism in contact with the heads.
metallics of the testing equipment and have a thickness of approximately
10mm.
• Storage
TEST PROCEDURE
• Geometry
The lengths will be a minimum of 56 x 56 and a maximum of 60 x 60
approximately arranged in 6 rows of 2.5 bricks per row
approximately with a joint that can be 1.5 cm, 2 cm, or 2.5 cm.
• Construction
The bricks were selected by removing those with corners.
defective or cracks, subsequently the cutting of the units was carried out.
for the settling of them.
The mortar used was cement and sand in a ratio of 1:4.
Finally, the curing of the walls was carried out.
TEST PROCEDURE
• Essay
The lengths of its sides and the length were measured from each wall.
The trial was conducted on December 11 at an age of 28 days.
VIDEOS
htps://[Link]/watch?v=MbbA jCQzLU
htps://[Link]/watch?v=riLR2zKOP6U
Conclusions
•• For the axial compression test, by increasing the thickness of the mortar by 5mm each time, the resistance
decreases by 16%.
• For the diagonal compression test, as the thickness of the mortar increases by 5mm, the strength
decreases by 14.5%.
• For a joint thickness of 1.5 cm, we got a value of 69.9 kg/cm, the standard2 places us a
of 65 kg/cm which
2 indicates that the tests were carried out correctly and the specimens
they were also prepared correctly.
• For a joint thickness of 1.5 cm, we obtained a value of 6.88 kg/cm, the standard
2 places us a
of 8.1 kg/cm 2which would be 85% of what the standard gives us.
• As seen in the previous photos, the prisms have a tendency to fail due to cracking.
vertical, and in some it is observed that a unit of the stack has been crushed perhaps due to the speed
with which the load was applied.
• The diagonal cracks in both the brick and mortar that occurred during the compression test
diagonal confirm the good preparation of the specimens
Recommendations
• To achieve better results, more specimens should be prepared for the respective tests.
since, by making only one specimen for each thickness, we do not have any value with which
compare it and there is a risk of obtaining incorrect results.
• The transportation of the batteries must be done carefully.
• The placement of the batteries in the compression machine trays must be done carefully,
aligning the centroidal axes of the piles with these, so that the stress is distributed evenly.
• Regarding the shading, it should be done carefully so that it is uniform and smooth.
At the time of rehearsing, the effort is distributed evenly.
• Check the mix ratios in the mortar, (in our case the ratio was 1:4), so that it does not
failures occur due to adhesion, as this generates erroneous results. When placing the batteries in the
compression machine should close the safety grilles for the safety of those who work.
the essay.
• For the construction of low walls, these must be made in such a way that the dimensions of this
they tend to be the same so that the test is carried out correctly