PHYSICS PRACTICE # 1

A car is stopped at a traffic light. Then, it travels in a straight line.

and its distance from the traffic light is given by x(t) = bt2-ct3, where b= 2.40
m/s2yc= 0.120 m/s3.
a) Calculate the average speed of the car between the interval t = 0 and t = 10.0 s.
b) Calculate the instantaneous speed of the car at t = 0, t = 5.0 s and t = 10.0 s.
c) How much time after the car started does it come to a stop again?

R) ( ) = 2− 3

= 2.40 ⁄ 2; = 0.120 ⁄ 3

2 3
) ( ) = (2.40 ⁄ 2) − (0.120 ⁄ 3)

2 3)
X( 0=
) (2.40 ⁄ 2) (0s) − (0.120 ⁄ 3)(0

( 0) = 0 m
2 3)
X( 10=
) (2.40 ⁄ 2) (100s) - (0.120 ⁄ 3(1000s

X( 10=
) 240
( - 120 m )

X( 10=
) 120 m
Δx 120 m
= = = 12 ⁄
Δ 10

= (4.80 2
) ⁄ 2) t - (0.36 ⁄ 3)

(0) = (4.80 2)
⁄ 2) (0s) - (0.36 ⁄ 3)0s

V inst = 0 ⁄

(5) = (4.80 2)
⁄ 2) (5s) - (0.36 ⁄ 3)(25s

(5) = (2-5 ⁄

V inst = 15 ⁄

(10) = (4.80 2)
⁄ 2) (10s) - (0.36 ⁄ 3)(100s
 (10) = (48 − 36) ⁄

V inst = 12 ⁄

2
) = (4.80 ⁄ 2) t - (0.36 ⁄ 3)

0 = t( 4.80 ⁄ 2− (0.36 ⁄ 3) )

4.80
t = 0s ; = = 13.3
0.36

2.8) A bird flies to the east. Its distance referencing a

The skyscraper is given by x(t) = 28.0 m + (12.4 m/s) t - (0.0450 m/s³) t3. What is
the instantaneous speed of the bird when t = 8.0 s?

R) ( ) = 28.0 m +12.4
( ⁄ ) t - (0.0450 ⁄ 3)
3

= 0 m + 12.4 ⁄ - (0.135 ⁄ 3)
2

V( 8)equals 12.4 ⁄ - (0.135 ⁄ 3)64s

2)

V( 8=
) 12.4 ⁄ - 8.64 ⁄
V( 8=
) 3.76 ⁄

2.9) A ball moves in a straight line (the x-axis). In figure E2.9 the graph
show the speed of this ball as a function of time.
a) What are the average speed and average velocity of the ball during the
first 3.0 s?
b) Suppose that the ball moves in such a way that the segment of the graph
after 2.0 s it is -3.0 m/s in
place of +3.0 m/s. In this case, calculate the average speed and average velocity of the
ball.
R)∆ =
∆ = 2 ⁄ ( 1s
) =2
∆ = 2 ⁄ ( 2- 1 ) = 2
∆ = 3 ⁄ ( 3− 2 ) = 3
Δ
)̅ =
Δ
7m
̅ = = 2.33 ⁄
3s

⃗ =

7
⃗ = = 2.33 ⁄
3

Δ
)̅ =
Δ
1m
̅ = = 0.33 ⁄
3s

⃗ =

7
⃗ = = 2.33 ⁄
3
A racing car starts from rest and travels east on a track.
straight and level. For the first 5.0 s of the car's movement, the
The eastward component of the velocity is given by vx(t) = (0.860 m_s^3)t2.
What is the acceleration of the car when vx = 16.0 m/s?

R)Vi = 0 ⁄ ; Ti = 0 s; ( ) (0.860 ⁄ 3)
2

( ) (0.860 2
⁄ 3)

16.0 ⁄ (0.860 ⁄ 3)
2

16.0
√ 2 =√
0.860

= 4.31 s

= (1.72 ⁄ 3)

= (1.72 ⁄ 3) (
4.31 s )

= 7.41 ⁄ 2

2.15)Una tortuga camina en línea recta sobre lo que llamaremos eje x con la
positive direction to the right. The equation of the turtle's position in
The time function is x(t) = 50.0 cm + (2.00 cm/s)t - (0.0625 cm/s2)t2.
a) Determine la velocidad inicial, posición inicial y aceleración inicial de la tortuga.
At what moment t does the turtle have zero velocity?
c) How much time after starting does the turtle return to the point of
departure?
d) At what moments t is the turtle 10.0 cm away from its point of
departure? What speed (magnitude and direction) does the turtle have in each of those?
moments?
e) Draw the graphs: x-t, vx-t, and ax-t for the interval from t = 0 to t = 40 s.

R) ( ) = 50 m +2.00
( ⁄) − (0.0625 ⁄ 2)
2

) ( 0) = 50 m +2.00
( ⁄ ) (0 s) -(0.0625 ⁄ 2) (0 s)2

X = 50 m
 = 0m + 2 ⁄ − (0.125 ⁄ 2)

V( 0=
) 2 ⁄ − (0.125 ⁄ 2) (0)

V( 0=
) 2 ⁄

= -0.125 ⁄ 2

b) 0 = 2.00 ⁄ − (0.125 ⁄ 2)

−2.00 ⁄
=
-0.125 ⁄ 2

t = 16 s

(
c) 50 cm = 50 m +2.00 ⁄) − (0.0625 ⁄ 2)
2

0 = t(2.00 ⁄ − (0.0625 ⁄ 2) )

−2.00 ⁄
t = 0 s; =
-0.0625 ⁄ 2

= 32

(
d) 60 cm = 50 cm +2.00 ⁄) − (0.0625 ⁄ 2)
2

2
(0.0625 ⁄ 2) − (2.00 ⁄ ) t + 10 cm = 0

2.00 ± √(2.00)2- 4(0.0625)(10)

=
2(0.0625)

1= 25.8 s; 2= 6.2

(25.8 ) = 2 ⁄ − (0.125 ⁄ 2) (25.8 s

(25.8 ) = -1.3 ⁄

V( 6.2=
) 2 ⁄ − (0.125 ⁄ 2) (6.2 )

V( 6.2=
) 1.3 ⁄
2.18) The position of the front bumper of a test car
controlled by a microprocessor is given by x(t) = 2.17 m + (4.80 m/s2t2-
(0.100 m/s6)t6.
a) Obtain your position and acceleration at the moments when you have zero velocity.
b) Draw the graphs x-t, vx-t, and ax-t for the motion of the front of the car between t =
0 y t = 2.00 s.

R) ( ) = 2.17 m +(4.8 ⁄ 2)
2
− (0.100 ⁄ 6)
6

= (9.6 5
) ⁄ 2) t - (0.6 ⁄ 6)

0 ⁄ = t(9.6 ⁄ 2− (0.6 ⁄ 6)
4)

-9.6 ⁄ 2
t = 0; 4=
-0.6 ⁄ 6

2 2
√ 4= √16 s4
=2

) ( 0) = 2.17 m +(4.8 ⁄ 2) (0 s )2 − (0.100 ⁄

6
6)0 s )

X( 0=
) 2.17 m

(2=) 2.17 m +(4.8 ⁄ 2) (4 s )2 − (0.100 ⁄

6
6)64 s )

(2=) 2.17 m + 19.2 m - 6.4 m

(2=) 14.57 m

c)a (0=) 9.6 ⁄ 2- 0

a (0=) 9.6 ⁄ 2

( 29.6
) 4
⁄ 2− (3 ⁄ 6)(16 s )

( 2=
) −38.4 ⁄ 2
An antelope runs with constant acceleration and covers a distance of 70.0 m.
between two points in 7.00 s. Its speed when passing the second point is 15.0 m/s.
a) What speed did it have at the first point?
b) What acceleration does it have?

R) = 70 ; = 7.00 s; = 15 ⁄ ; = ; =0
+
)∆ =( )

2∆
= −

2 70.0 m
= - 15 ⁄
7.00 s
=5 ⁄

) = +
−
=

= 1.43 ⁄ 2

2.23 Airbags in a car. The human body can survive

a trauma due to acceleration (sudden stop), if the magnitude of the acceleration is
less than 250 m/s2If you suffer a car accident with initial speed
at 105 km/h (65 mi/h) and is stopped by an airbag that inflates from the
board, at what distance should it be stopped by the airbag to survive the
incident?

1000 1h
R)Vi = 105 ⁄ ℎ=( ) (3600 ) = 29.16 ⁄
1

2= 2+ 2 ∆

(
0 = 29.16 ⁄) 2
+ 2 (250 ⁄ 2) ∆

− (29.16 ⁄) 2
∆ =
− (500 ⁄ 2)

2
-850.30 ⁄ 2
∆ =
-500 ⁄ 2
∆x = 1.70 m

A cat walks in a straight line on what we will call the x-axis in the direction
positive to the right. You, who are an observing physicist, make measurements of
movement of the cat and create a graph of the speed of the feline as a function of
time (figure E2.30).
a) Determine the speed of the cat at t = 4.0 s and at t = 7.0 s.
b) ¿Qué aceleración tiene el gato en t = 3.0 s? ¿En t = 6.0 s? ¿En t = 7.0 s?
c) What distance does the cat cover during the first 4.5 s? Between t = 0 and t = 7.5 s?
d) Draw clear graphs of the cat's acceleration and its position as a function of
time, assuming it started from the
origin.

R) = +

( 0.8( ) y) 6.0

8 − 0 = m0(− 6 )
8
=−
6
4
=−
3
b=8
4
= − ( +) 8
3
 4
( )=−t+8
3
4
( )= − ⁄ 2
3

4
) ( 4)- (4)+ 8
3
V( 4-5.3
) +8
V( 4=
) 2.7 ⁄
4
V( 7=
) − (7) + 8
3
V( 7=
) -9.3 + 8

V( 7=
) -1.3

4
) ( ) =− +8
3
4
=− ⁄ 2
3
( )= -1.3 ⁄ 2

1 2
)∆ = +
2
1
∆x = (8 ⁄ (4.5 s) + (-1.3 ⁄ 2) 4.5 s2
2
∆ = 36 m - 13.16 m
∆ = 220.8 m
1
∆x = (8 ⁄ )(7.5 s) +(-1.3 ⁄ 2) (7.5 s)2
2
∆x = 60 m -36.6 m
∆ = 23.4 m
Two cars, A and B, are moving to the
length of the x-axis. Figure E2.32 is the graph of the
positions of AyB against time.
a) In motion diagrams (like the figures
2.13by 2.14b), show the position, velocity and
acceleration of each car at t=0, t=1s yt=
3 s.
b) At what moment(s), if applicable, do AyB have
the same position?
c) Draw a graph of speed versus time
forAy forB.
d) At what moment(s), if applicable, do AyB have the same velocity?
e) At what moment(s), if applicable, does car A overtake car B?
f) At what moment(s), if applicable, does car B overtake car A?

R)a)

T=0 T=1 T=3

For t=0, it starts from At t=1 s, A has position At t=3 s, A has position
the point X>0 and 5<X with X>0 and X<5, with ac > 0. X<15 and X>10 with ac > 0 and a
positive slope what is its An increase in the increase in speed.
speed and like a line speed.
it has ac≠0 but ac >0

b)

T=0 T=1 T=3

At t=0, B is at the origin. At t=1 s, B is in position For t=3 s B has position
therefore part of the rest. X > 0 and X < 5 and speed X<15 and X>10 with a = 0 and
V=cont, ac=0. constant. constant speed.

A A A
X __________________ X __________________ X __________________
0 5 0 5 0 10 15
a=0
B----- B-----
B ------ a=0 a=0

c) graphic

b) según la gráfica de posición se observa que ellos se interceptan en los puntos cuando el tiempo
it's approximately 1 second and 3 seconds.
d) by definition of instantaneous velocity at a given moment, the derivative is
it is the slope at the indicated point and if it is parallel to t/a it has the same slope therefore
they are equal at t=2 s

e) A overtakes B according to the position graph after t = 3 seconds,

f) B overtakes A at t=1 sec. Approximately according to the position graph.

A small stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed

at 18.0 m/s from the edge of the roof of a 30.0 m high building. The stone falls.
without hitting the building on its way down until reaching the street. It
You can ignore air resistance. A) What is the speed of the stone just
before hitting the street?
B) How much time elapses from when the rock is thrown until it reaches the
street?

R) = 18 ⁄ ; = 30.0 m ; a = -9.8 ⁄ 2; y=0m

2 2+
) = 2 (∆ )

2
√ = - √(18 ⁄ )2+ 2−9.8 ⁄ 2)(−30 m)

2
= - √912 ⁄ 2

= −30.2 ⁄

−
) =

(−30.2 - 18) ⁄
=
-9.8 ⁄ 2

t = 4.91 s

A juggler throws a pin from the bowling game vertically towards

up with a speed of 8.20 m/s. A) How much time passes until the
Does Pino return to the hand of the juggler?
R)∆y = 0 m; Vi = 10 m; a = -9.8 ⁄ 2

1 2
∆ = +
2
1
0 = t( + )
2

t = 0 s; = −2
16.4 ⁄
= 9.8 ⁄ 2

t = 1.67 s

2.41) Simple reaction time test. A meter is held

vertically above his hand, so that its lower end is
between your thumb and index. Upon seeing that they release the subway, you stop it by joining
those two fingers. The reaction time can be calculated based on the
distance that the meter fell, reading the scale at the point where it was taken. A)
Deduce a relationship for the reaction time, in terms of the distance d.
measure. B). If the measured distance is 17.6 cm, what is the reaction time?

R) y = 0 m ; = −9.8 ⁄ 2; Vi = 0 ⁄

1 2
)∆ = +
2
1
∆y = (0 ⁄ ) + -9.8 ⁄ 2)
2
2
Δy = (-4.9 2
⁄ 2)

1 2
)∆ = +
2

2∆
=√

2-17.6x10−2 )
=√
-9.8 ⁄ 2

t = 0.189 s
2.44) The crew member of a hot air balloon, which ascends vertically with
constant speed of magnitude 5.00 m/s, drops a bag of sand when the
The balloon is 40.0 m above the ground. After it is released, the sandbag
is in free fall.
A). Calculate the position and velocity of the bag at 0.250 s and at 1.00 s after
let go.
B). How many seconds does it take for the bag to hit the ground after being released?
C) At what speed will it collide?
D) What maximum height will the bag reach in relation to the ground?
E). Draw the ay-t, Vy-t, and Y-t graphs for the motion.

R) = 5.00 ⁄ ; = −9.8 ⁄ 2; ∆x = 40.0 m

1 2
) − = +
2
1
(
Y(0.250) = 5.00 ⁄ )( 0.250 ) +(−9.8 ⁄ 2) (
0.0625 s 2)
2
Y(0.250) = 1.25 m - 0306 m
Y( 0.250 ) = 0.94 m + 40 m = 40.9m
1
(
Y(1) = 5.00 ⁄ )( 1 s+) (-9.8 ⁄ 2) 1( s 2)
2
Y( 15.00
) m - 4.9 m
Y( 1=
) 0.10 m + 40 m = 40.1 m

1 2
) − = +
2

1
(
−40.0 m = 5.00 ⁄) + -9.8 ⁄ 2)
2
2
2
(4.9 ⁄ 2) t (
- 5.00 ⁄ ) t - 40 m = 0

5.00 ± √(5.00)2- 4(4.9)(−40)

=
24.9
= 3.41 s

) = +

= 5.00 ⁄ + (-9.8 ⁄ 2) (3.41 s )

 = −28.4 ⁄

) 2= 2+ 2 ∆

0 = (5.00 ⁄ ) 2 + 2(-9.8 ⁄ 2(y - 40 m)

2
−25 ⁄ 2
= + 40 m
-19.6 ⁄ 2

y = 41.27 m

2.46) An egg is launched almost vertically upward from a point nearby.

from the ledge of a tall building; when descending, he barely avoids the ledge and passes by a
30.0 m below its starting point 5.00 s after losing contact
with the hand that launched it. Air resistance can be disregarded.
A) What is the initial velocity of the egg?
B) What height does it reach with respect to the launch point?
C) What is the magnitude of its velocity at the highest point?
D) What magnitude does its acceleration have at the highest point?
E) Draw the graphs ay-t, Vy-t, and Y-t for the egg's motion.

R) = + + 21 2

∆ = −30 m; =? ; t = 5 s; = −9.8 ⁄ 2

1 2
)∆ = +
2
−30 m = Vi5 s( + (-4.9
) 2
⁄ 2)(25s )

(−30 + 122.5) m
=
5s
= 18.5 ⁄

2 2+
) = 2 (∆ )

=0m; =0 ⁄ ; = −9,8 ⁄ 2

0 = V2+ 2
 -(18.5)2
=
-18.6
y = 17.5 m

) = 0 ⁄

d)a = 9.8 ⁄ 2

2.51) A rocket starts from rest and moves upward, starting from the
surface of the earth. The vertical acceleration of rockets starting from the
The first 10 seconds of its movement is given by (a=2.80m/s³) t, where the direction
+y is upward.
A) What is the height of the rocket above the surface of the Earth at t= 10s?
B) What is the speed of the rocket when it reaches a height of 325m above the
surface of the earth?

R) ) = (2.8 ⁄ 3)

= +∫
0

= +∫
0

( ) 2 equals zero

= ∫ (2.8 )t dt
0

( 2.8 ) t 2
=[ ]
2 0

Vy = 1.4 t2- 1.4(0)2

Vy = 1.4 t2
( ) 1 Vy

= +∫
0

= + ∫ 1.4 t2
0
 ( 1.4 ) t 3
= +[ ]
3 0

( 1.4 ) t 3
= +
3
= 0 y t = 10
( 1.4 )
y=0+ (10)3
3
y = 466.67 m

) ℎ ó
( 1.4 ) t 3
= +
3
ℎ − = 325 m
( 1.4 ) t 3
− =
3

3 3∗ (325)
=√
1.4

t = 8.86 sec.

= +∫
0

= + ∫ 2.8 t dt
0

Vy = Vi + 1.4 t2
Vi = 0
Vy = 1.4 (8.86)2

= 109.89 ⁄
2.53) The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by aX(t)=At-Bt^2, where
a = 1.5 m/s³ and B = 0.120 m/s⁴. The motorcycle is at rest at the origin when
t=0.
A) Obtain your position and velocity as a function of t.
B) Calculate the maximum speed that it reaches.

R) − 2;

= 1.50 ; = 0.120
Vi = 0; t=0; Xi=0; =? ; =?

= +∫
0

= +∫
0

( t )- (0.120) t dt2
V = ∫ ( 1.50
0

1.5 t20.120t3
( ) =[ − ]
2 3 0
2
( ) = 0.75 t -0.040 3
t

= +∫
0

= ∫ (0.75 t2-0.040 t3 )
0

0.75 t30.040 t4
=[ − ]
3 4 0

X = 0.25t3- 0.010 t4

equals zero

( t)- (0.120) t 2
0 = 1.5
t (1.5- 0.120
( t )= )0
-1.5
t=0; =
-0.120
= 12.5 s
V( 12.5) = (0.75)(12.5) -2(0.040) (12.5) 3

V( 12.5) = 39.06 ⁄

2.55 A male average sprinter cyclist can maintain an acceleration

maximum for 2s when its maximum speed is 10m/s. After reaching
at its maximum speed, its acceleration is equal to 0 and then it moves at speed
constant. Assume that the acceleration is constant during the first 2s of the
journey, which starts from rest and in a straight line.

A) What distance has the sprinter covered when he reaches his maximum speed?
B) What is the magnitude of its average speed over the following route?
longitudes: 50m, 100m y 200m?
R) =? − − −≫ =2

= 10 ⁄ a=0
V = 10 ⁄
a = constant for 8 sy Vi = 0

= +
10 ⁄ = 0 + a2( )

a=5 ⁄ 2

1 2
) = + +
2
Xi = 0; Vi = 0
1
= (5 ⁄ 2) 2( )2
2
X = 10 m
 )
X=50 X=100 X=200
The first 10 m in t=2 s and The first 10 m in t=2 s and The first 10 m in t=2 s and
the other 40 m in t=6 s. the other 90 m in t=11 s. the other 190 m in t=21 s.

Δx 50 Δx 100 Δ 200
⃗ = = ⃗ = = ⃗ = =
Δ 6 Δ 11 Δ 21

⃗ = 8.33
V ⁄ ⃗ = 9.09
V ⁄ ⃗ = 9.52
V ⁄

2.59 Study of earthquakes. Earthquakes produce several types of

shock waves. The most known are P waves (the initial one derives from primary
pressure) and the S waves (for the initial of secondary or shear stress).
In the Earth's crust, P waves travel at approximately 6.5 km/s, while
that S waves travel at about 3.5 km/s. The actual speeds vary according to
the type of material they travel through. The delay time, between the arrival of these
two classes of waves to a seismic monitoring station, indicates to the geologists to
What distance did the earthquake occur? If the lag time is 33 seconds, what is the distance?
distance from the seismic station where the earthquake occurred?

R)∆t = tp − ts = 33 s
= 33 +

= = =

6.5 =
33 +

30.5 =

( +
6.533 =)

6.5(33 + ) =
3.5
214.5 + 1857x = x
214.5
=−
0.854
= −250.3

2.60) Relay race. In a relay race, each competitor runs

25m with an egg held in a spoon; then, they turn around and return to the
starting point. Edith runs the first 25m in 20.0 s. Upon returning, she feels
more confident and takes only 15s. What magnitude does its average speed have in:
A) the first 25 m?
B) And on the return?
C) What is your average speed for the round trip?
D) And what is their average speed for the round trip?

R) T_i = 0s ; T = 15s; ∆x = 0 m
∆
⃗ =| | ⃗ =
∆

25 m
)⃗ = = 1.25 ⁄
20 s
25 m
)⃗ = 1.67 ⁄
15 s
0m
)⃗ = =0 ⁄
35 s
50 m
)̅ = = 1.43 ⁄
35 s

A gazelle runs in a straight line (the x-axis) in figure P2.67, the graph
show the speed of this animal as a function of time. During the first
12 s, obtain
the total distance traveled
the movement of the gazelle.
C) Draw a graph ax–t that shows the acceleration of this gazelle as a function
of time during the first 12.0 s.
 = ( ) ; = ( ) ;
= +
P1 ( 0.4 ) y (
210.12 )

− 1= ( − 1 )

12 - 4 = m10( - 0 )
8
= = 0.8
10
y = 0.8 x + b
evaluate a point (0,4)

4 = 0.80( +)
=4

y = 0.8 x + 4
( ) 0.8( t + )4

= (0.8t)+ 4

10
∫ = ∫ (0.8 (t+ 4)) dt
0
10
( 0.8 ) t 2
∆ =[ + 4t]
2 0

∆ = ((0.4 )(100+) 40)

∆x = 80 m

(
310.12y )P (12,0)
4

0 - 12= 12( - 10 )
 = −6
y = -6x + b
evaluation en (12,0)

( 12+
0 = -6 )( )

b = 72

( ) = -6t + 72

= -6t + 72

12
∫ ( )
= ∫ -6t+ 72)
10

2 12
( -6 t)
∆ =[ + 72 ]
2 10

∆ = [−312+ ) 2 (12) − −310

( 72 ] [ + 72 )2
( (10) ]

∆x = 432 - 420
∆x = 12

∆xt = 80 + 12
∆xt = 92

) ∆ =

92
0 s → 10 s 10 s12
)
( ) = (0.8 t) + 4 ( ) = -6t + 72
( ) = 0.8 ⁄ 2 ( ) = -6 ⁄ 2
The driver of a passenger train moving at 25.0 m/s spots a
freight train whose last car is 200 m further ahead on the same track (figure
The freight train moves at a speed of 15.0 m/s in the same direction.
direction that the passenger train. The driver of the passenger train applies
immediately the brakes. Causing a constant acceleration of 0.100 m/s2in
opposite direction to that of the train's speed, while the freight train continues with
constant speed. Let x = 0 be the point where the front of the train is
passengers when the driver applies the brakes.
a) Will the cows in the vicinity witness a collision?
b) If so, where will it happen?
c) Draw on a single graph the positions of the front of the passenger train and the
rear part of the load train.

= −0.100 ⁄ 2; Vi = 0 ; = 15 ⁄ ; Xi = 0 ; = 200 m

∆
=

− 200
15 ⁄ =
T -0
(15 ⁄)( ) =( ) − 200
= (15 ⁄)( ) + 200

1 2
= + +
2
1
(15 ⁄) (
+ 200 m = 25 ⁄) + (-0.100 ⁄ 2)
2
2
2
(0.05 ⁄ 2) t (
- 10 ⁄) + 200 m = 0

10 ± √(10)2- 40(0.05)(200)
=
20.05
 = (10 ± 60)
√ * 10

= (100 ± 77.4 )

1= 177.5 s

2= 22.5 s
1 2
= + +
2
1
= (25 ⁄ ) (22.5 s) + (-0.100 ⁄ 2) (22.5s)
2
2
X = 537.2

= (15 ⁄) + 200
= (15 ⁄ ) ( ) 220.5 s
= 337.2

2.71) Large cockroaches can run at 1.50 m/s over short distances.
Suponga que enciende la luz en un hotel y ve una cucaracha alejándose en línea
straight at 1.50 m/s. If you were initially 0.90 m behind the insect and you
about this with an initial speed of 0.80 m/s, what constant acceleration
mínima necesitara para alcanzarla cuando este allá recurrido 1.20 m. justo antes
to escape under the furniture?

R)
ℎ̅ : ⁄ = 1.50
; =0

X_i = -0.90 m; ̅ = 0.80 ⁄

∆x = X_f - X_i = 1.2

= 20.1 m
Δ
∆ =

1.2
∆ =
1.5
∆t = 0.8 s
 1 2
= + +
2
2 −2
= 2

2(2.1 m) - 20.8( ⁄ ) (0.8 s)

=
(0.8 s)2
a = 4.6 ⁄ 2

2.73) a car and a truck start from rest at the same moment, with the
car a certain distance behind the truck. The truck has acceleration
speed of 2.10 m/s2and the car one of 3.40 m/s2The car catches up to
truck when it has traveled 40 m.
a) How long does it take for the car to catch up with the truck?
b) How far behind the truck was the car?
c) What speed do both vehicles have when they move together?
d) Draw the position of each vehicle as a function of time on a single graph.
let x=0 be the initial position of the truck.

R)
∶ = 3.40
⁄ 2 ; = 0; Vi = 0

∶ = 2.10 ⁄ 2 ; t = 0; Vi = 0 encuentro = 40 m + x

)
1 2
= + +
2
∆ = 40 ; X_i = 0; Vi = 0; = 2.10 ⁄ 2

1 2
40 m = 0 +(2.10 ⁄ 2)
2
80 m
=√
(2.10 ⁄ 2)

t = 6.17 s

)
1 2
= + +
2
 = 40 ; Vi = 0 ; t = 6.17 s ; = 3.40 ⁄ 2

1
d + 40 m = 0 + (3.40 ⁄ 2) (
6.17 )2
2
1
= (3.40 ⁄ 2) ( 2-40
6.17 ) m
2
= 24.76 m

)
= +

= 0 + (2.10 ⁄ ( seconds
2) 6.17 )

V = 12.96 ⁄

= +

V = 0 +(3.40 ⁄ 2) (
6.17 s )

= 21. ⁄

2.75) A marble is released from the edge of a hemispherical bowl whose

the diameter is 50.0 cm and it rolls up to the opposite edge in 10.0s
Obtain
the average speed
b) the average speed of the marble.
R)
=
= (25 )
= 78.5
78.5 m
̅ = = = 7.85 ⁄
10 s
∆x 50
⃗ = = 5.0 ⁄
∆ 10 s
2.80) Fall of an egg. Imagine you are on the roof of the physics building.
of physics, at 46.0 m above the ground (figure P2.80). Your physics teacher, who is 1.80
m in height. Walks alongside the building at a constant speed of 1.20 m/s. If
you want to drop an egg on your teacher's head, where you should
When will he be when you drop the egg? Assume that the egg is in free fall.

R)
= 46.0 ; Y = 1.80 m ; Vi = 0
1 2
∆ = +
2
1 2
-44.2 = 0 (t +) (-9.8 ⁄ 2)
2

-44.2
=√
-4.9 ⁄ 2

=3

∆ =
∆x = (1.2 ⁄ )(3 )
∆ = 3.6 m

2.83 The visitors of an amusement park watch divers.

jump from a platform 21.3 m (70 ft) high into a pool.
According to the presenter, the divers enter the water at 25 m/s (56 mph). It can
ignore air resistance.
a) Is the presenter’s statement correct?
b) Is it possible for a diver to jump straight up from the platform?
By avoiding the platform while falling into the pool, I entered the water at 25.
m/s? If so, what upward speed is required? Is the required speed
physically attainable?
R)
Yi = 0 m; = −21.3 ; a = -9.8 ⁄ 2; Vi = 0 ⁄

̅ = 25 ⁄ = ó

) 2= 2+ 2 ∆
2
= 0 +2 (-9.8 ⁄ 2) (−21.3 )

= √2 (-9.8 ⁄ 2) (−21.3 )

= 20.4 ⁄

) = 25 ⁄ ; =?
2= 2+ 2 ∆
2
= (25 ⁄ ) 2 − 2 (-9.8 ⁄ 2) (−21.3 )

=√(25 ⁄ )2− 2 (-9.8 ⁄ 2) (−21.3 )

= 14.4 ⁄
2
)ℎ =
2
(
-14.4 )2
ℎ =
2 (9.8 ⁄ 2)

h max = 10.6 m

2.87 Juggling. A juggler performs in an area where the ceiling is 3

m above the level of his hand. He throws a ball upward so that it barely
reach the ceiling
a) What is the initial velocity of the ball?
b) How long does it take for the ball to reach the ceiling? at the moment when the
the ball is on the roof, the juggler throws a second ball upwards with
two-thirds of the initial speed of the first
c) How long after the second ball is launched do they cross each other?
air?
d) At what height relative to the juggler's hands does the crossing occur?
R)
a) Vᶜ = 0 ; = −9.8 ⁄ 2; ∆ = 30 m
2= 2+ 2 ∆

=√−2 (-9.8 ⁄ 2) (3.0 m)

= 7.7 ⁄

) = +
−
=

-7.7 ⁄
=
-9.8 ⁄ 2

t = 0.78 s

1 2
) = + +
2
=3 ; Vi = 0 ; a = 9.8 ⁄ 2

2 1 2
= ( t+
+ ( )7.7 )
3 2
=0; = 5.11 ⁄ ; a = -9.8 ⁄ 2

=3 − (4.9 2 (1)
⁄ 2)

= (5.11 ⁄) − (4.9 ⁄ 2)
2 (2)

2
3 − (4.9 ⁄ 2) = ( 5.11 ⁄) − (4.9 ⁄ 2)
2

3
=
5.11 ⁄
t = 0.59 s
 ) = 3 − (4.9 2
⁄ 2)

= 3− (4.9 ⁄ 2) (
0.59 )2

y = 1.3

2.88) A physics teacher who is at rest, performing a demonstration

outdoors, suddenly loses balance, causing him to fall from a height of a
cliff and simultaneously screams "Help!" After falling for 3 seconds,
listen to the echo of his scream coming from the valley floor, the speed of sound is
340 m/s
a) What height does the cliff have?
b) If air resistance is disregarded, at what speed will it be moving
teacher just before hitting the ground? (your actual speed will be less than
that, due to air resistance).
R)
= 340 ⁄ =

= ℎ + (ℎ − )

= 2ℎ −
2ℎ −
=

2ℎ −
320 =
3
2h - y = 1020
through free fall motion, it is obtained

= ℎ ; Vi = 0; = −9.8 ⁄ 2

1 2
= + +
2

= ℎ + (-4.9 ⁄ 2) (3 )2

y = 44.1 m
 1020 + 44.1
ℎ=
2
h = 532

2= 2+ 2 ∆
2 ( )
= 2 (9.8 ⁄ 2) 532

= √2 (9.8 ⁄ 2) (
532 )

= 102 ⁄