SPEED RACES

100 meters flat: 100 flat meters or 100

Metros Llanos is a race ofathleticsin which
You have to cover 100 meters on a surface.
level, free of any obstacle, with the greatest
as quickly as possible. It is generally considered as the
speed racing competition more
important. The best athletes do it in a
time of around 10 seconds duration
during which they take about 45 strides with a
average speed of 37.58km/h.

200 meters flat: or 200 flat meters is a

speed test of theathleticsactual, what is
it starts on the curve of the track immediately
before the finish line, which implies that the
athletes do not position themselves at the starting line at the same height,

since otherwise the runners situated more

outward they would cover a greater distance.
Races held with wind greater than 2.0
meters per second are not acceptable for
record purposes according to the rules of the
(IAAF).

400 meters flat: the 400 meters flat is a sustained speed event
ofathleticsactual where the athletes run in each lane into which the track is divided,
positioned at different distances, in order to prevent competitors from the outer lanes
they cover more meters than those of the inner lanes.
MIDDLE DISTANCE RACES
1500 subways lisos:1500 subways
1500 meters flat is the test.
star ofmiddle distanceof the currentathletics, what
Until the 1980s, it was dominated by runners.
Europeans and that since then it is practically
a 'private enclave' of African athletes in the

male modality and the Chinese in the modality

female.

800 meters flat: 800 meters is a

current middle distance testathleticsin which
each athlete runs on their respective lane during the
first 100 meters, passing from that
moment to the so-called 'free street' normally composed of streets 1 and 2 of the track.
Long distance races
5000 mts: Intermediate long-distance test that holds
similar characteristics to the 3000 meters test: The
output is done standing, there are only two call voices
and it does not develop through streets.

3000 m: This event can be considered as the

test of minimum distance. It is a test not
Olympic, although in some previous Olympics they have
conducted only by women.

10000 meters: Long-distance test that shares characteristics similar to the 5000 test.
metros: The exit is made standing, there are only two calling voices and it is not developed.
through the streets.

Marathon: a marathon or a maraton1is

onelong-distance race what it consists of
run a distance of 42,195subways(42 km and
195 m). It is part of the program ofathletics in
the Olympic GamessinceAthens 1896, in the
male category, and sinceLos Angeles 1984,
in the female category.
Initially, all marathons were male.
Women's racing began in the decade of1970and today almost all include a
event for women. The women's marathon was introduced into the Olympic calendar by
first time in theLos Angeles '84 Games.
Hurdle Races
110 meters hurdles: It is a race in the area of
speed, consists of 10 obstacles that must be
franchised by the brokers, is included within the
Olympic athletics program since the initial games
inAthens,Greecein1896only those participate in it
men.
Characteristics
The 110 meter hurdles are run in a straight line,
obstacles measure 1.067 meters, the first hurdle is located
At 13.72 meters after the start, the distance between hurdles is 9.14 meters and from the last
Well, the goal is 14.02 meters away.
Until1932, the fences were made of wood; henceforth the base is made of
metal or other durable material, while the top is made of wood or synthetic material.
100 meters hurdles:It is a race in the area of speed, where only the
women, consists of 10 obstacles, included in
the Olympic program since1972.
Characteristics
This event is for females only.
It consists of 10 obstacles at a height of 0.84.
centimeters, the first hurdle is located at 13
starting meters, the distance between
The fence is 8.5 meters.

400 meters hurdles: It is a race

understood within the area of speed,
which includes the pass of ten obstacles distributed evenly throughout the distance.
Characteristics
The race takes place in lanes, requiring the clearance of each of the obstacles located.
In the hurdles race, the runner must possess an excellent combination of technique and speed.
the first for the obstacle course and the second for the flat race, as this constitutes
more than 90% of the test.
It is important to master the rhythm between hurdles, as well as the number of steps between them for the
Correct use of the attacking leg of the runner.
In this athletic specialty, women and men participate, each with their own requirements.
specific technicians.

OBSTACLES
3000 meters:It is a specialty of theathleticslocated
within the middle-distance events, which includes
flat race and obstacle course, including a pit
the pond with water.
Characteristics
Understand the location of four obstacles and a passage
of water placed next to an obstacle, which can
to be located outside the track, the event
it includes 28 obstacle passes and seven moat passes
of water.
The hurdles must measure between 91.1 to 91.7 centimeters in height for men and 72.2 for women.
las mujeres, con 396 centímetros de ancho, cuyo peso oscila entre 80 y 100 kilogramos, la base debe
measure between 1.20 and 1.40 meters, they will be placed on the track, leaving the upper bar
30 centimeters towards the inside of the land.
The water ditch constitutes a fixed obstacle and a water ditch, located adjacent to the fence, measures 3.66.
meters long, the depth of the pit is 70 centimeters perpendicular to the obstacle,
decreasing progressively to ground level (track).
The bottom of the water pit will be covered with an appropriate material of at least 3.66 meters.
width and 2.50 meters in length.
 The postage or passage of obstacles can
to be carried out with the help of hands or without them, or
supporting the foot, while passing the pit of
water will be with support from the foot.

The start of this event is taken standing (start

high) with legs and feet slightly apart in
step form, the strong leg forward and with
slight ventral flexion of the legs, the arms, the of
the front leg is back and the back leg
slightly ahead and bent.

Relays
4x100 meters relay: One of the
the most exciting speed tests are the
relays. They are often the moment
culminating in important competitions
like theOlympic Games and generally
these are the last tests to take place. To
unlike many other athletic tests,
relays are team events in the
that four runners each run a
part, called section or relay, of the distance
total.
Each team member is chosen for their characteristics. The fastest runner goes first,
The strongest runners run second and last, and the best runner in curves runs third.

4x400 Relays: The 400 meter relay event is very similar to that of4 × 100, excluding
the increase in the distance to be covered. Each runner
take a complete lap around the track, at which point
pass the baton to the next teammate.
Both 4 x 100 and 4 x 400 are the twotests of
relaysthat are part of the program ofathletics
in the Olympic Games. The basic difference with the
The 4x100 race is that 'Prezona' does not exist.
athlete who is going to receive the baton must accelerate in the
same transfer zone. The first athlete performs
the journey through your street, passing the baton to
second reliever. This second reliever will run for
your street until the end of the first curve, starting from
which will be able to take a free street (logically it will head to street 1 to cover less distance)
distance). The third and fourth relay runners will normally be positioned in lane 1, although depending on
of the circumstances (possibility of obstructing opponents, joint arrival of different
competitors, etc.) can be located on any other street. It is recommended that in the relays
where no more than 4 teams compete, only the first race is run individually on the streets
first lap curve. In such a case, the compensation at the exit will be similar to that of a 200.
smooth metros.

javelin throw competitions:The javelin throw from the perspective of

movement is located in acyclic exercises, as its technical cycles do not repeat, the execution
This discipline is carried out within the framework of anaerobic activity, the main energy source.
what metabolism uses is ATP and is found in
the maximum power activity.

The javelin throw belongs to the group of

rapid strength sports, from the parameters
biomechanics depends on the angle of release of the
sports equipment, the angle of attack that it has
what to see with the speed at which it is launched
javelin and the entry into the air mass, the acceleration
what is given to the body and can be transferred to the
javelin through running and special steps.

Es una de las técnicas más complejas del atletismo y la manifestación más alta de la fuerza explosiva,
considering that your technique is the acceleration of large and dictal segments and the deceleration
of the same to transmit it through the arm to the javelin.

In this discipline, three types of grips are used, and each athlete will decide which one suits them best.
features and offers greater comfort at the time of launch, since in most
The quality of the grip affects the quality of the throw.

Shot put
The objective in shot put is to propel a solid metal ball through the air to the
maximum possible distance. The weight of the ball in the men's category is 7.26 kg and 4 kg in
female. The action of the throw is restricted to a circle with a diameter of 2.1 m.
In the first phase of the test, the athlete holds the weight with their fingers against their shoulder,
putting the ball under the chin. The competitor advances semi-crouched, to gain strength.
and the speed that it will transmit upon its launch. Upon reaching the opposite side of the circle, stretch your arm
to suddenly launch and push the weight into the air in the right direction.
The push is made from the shoulder with one arm and the weight cannot be carried behind the shoulder.
Each competitor is entitled to three throws and the top seven advance to the next round.
of three more throws per athlete. The measurements are taken from the inner edge of the
circumference of the launch area to the first impact point. The competitors are
classified according to their best throw. If the thrower steps out of the circle, the throw is
null.

Album release
It is a specialty of theathleticslocated within the field tests, consists of a turn and
medium about oneself. It is considered the oldest discipline in the field and track, it is practiced
for women and men.
Characteristics
The disc is made of wood or an alloy of metals that meet the weight and
required technical specifications, it is covered with a rounded metal edge.
The discus for men must weigh two kilograms and have a diameter of between 219 and 221 millimeters.
as well as a thickness of between 44 and 46 millimeters in the flat central area.
The disc for women must weigh at least one kilogram and the diameter must be between 180 and 182.
millimeters, with a thickness in the center of 37 to 39 millimeters; in competitions of a character
international like the World Championship orGames
Olympic, sothe granted disks can be used
by the organizers.
El evento se desarrolla en un círculo con diámetro
interior between 2.505 and 2.949 meters, marked by a
metal band about six millimeters wide,
placed at ground level and painted white.
The pitcher spins around himself one and a half times.
to gain speed and throw the disc with the arm
extended with fast movement.
Each competitor has the right to perform three
launches during the elimination round and three
remaining in the final round, being selected the best
of all those carried out.
The area for throwing the discus is
delimited by two lines of at least 50 meters long, forming an angle of 40º that comes out of
center of the circle, whose ends are marked with flags.

Hammer throw
It is a test that consists of throwing an artifact made up of a ball with a cable.
steel and a handle. This throw is executed from a circle surrounded by a cage for
ensure the physical integrity of the public and other athletes.
The throwers use combinations of volleys and spins in order to achieve acceleration.
head of the hammer and release it at the highest possible speed.
Its result depends on the initial speed and the launch angle, and the force also has an impact.
centripetal and centrifugal in the rotation of athletes.
The hammer is a ballistic implement in which environmental factors have very little influence on.
your results
Long jump
It is a discipline of athletics consisting of an approach and acceleration race followed by
of a leap, in which we must not exceed
a line that should take us the farthest
possible, to fall into a sand pit. For the
so, the one who jumps the farthest in his attempts,
get the victoria.
Normally, in a jumping competition, each
The jumper makes three attempts. If in those
strive to be among the top 8
competitors proceed to perform three more jumps
of improvement, what would be the final.

At the moment of the raid (the jump) the

jumper can to pass but NO
EXCEED, the white line that delimits the
legality of a jump.
If the jumper surpasses the white line, there is another strip with putty, in which the imprint of
the jumper is marked, and the jump becomes null. If he jumps beyond the plasticine, the jump,
it is clear, it is also null.
High jump: In the high jump trials, men and women try to
to jump over a bar held by two supports. The bar is raised after each jump.
It is, therefore, a vertical jump. The takeoff area is a shape of
fan located in front of the jump obstacle. The bar or rail is a pole.
made of wood or a metal rod, with flat ends for fastening to the
supports. It has a maximum weight of 2 kg. It can fall forward or backward.

The jump meters are two rigid metal posts, separated by 4 meters from each other, with
a mechanism to raise the bar. They indicate the height of the ribbon.

The landing or fall mattress is a soft surface of

foam of 396 cm long and 487 cm wide.

The competitors wear shoes with spikes, with a half-inch sole.

Triple jump:It is a specialty ofathleticsframed within field tests, it is

one of the most complex, formed by a hop, a step, and a jump, also consists of the run
it is driven and currently practiced by women and men.
Characteristics
The triple jump consists of three main parts of the event: a hop, a step, and a jump, where
the takeoff and fall of the jump is done with the same leg, then it continues with the step to finish
with the jump.
It also consists of the run-up, which is a bit longer than the long jump.
Finally, the fall is also similar to this event.
The triple jump is part of the so-called competition events, where athletes have the
possibility of making up to six attempts, depending on the number of participants, when they exceed
With a figure of eight competitors, three elimination rounds and three final rounds are held with the
eight best jumpers

Pole vault: It is a specialty ofathleticsframed within field tests,

consists of surpassing the highest height possible above the bar, in order to
Hello, the athlete uses a pole (flexible) - currently
fiberglass - which can have a length of up to 4.9 meters.
Characteristics
The event consists of thrust run, takeoff, flight, and landing;
end of the run-up, the pole is placed in the trunk for
start the vertical takeoff with maximum power, where they are set
evident, speed, strength, and elasticity.
To make a jump valid, the athlete must clear the marked height.
without knocking down that bar or strip.
The jumpers have three attempts to clear each height, which
it increases as established in the regulations, in the case of three
consecutive null jumps, the competitor will be eliminated, it is
declared the winner, the one who surpasses the greatest height.

Race walking events

20 kilometersIt is a modality of theathleticsin which a progression of steps is executed
so that the athlete stays in contact
with the ground, where one cannot lose the
visible contact. Among the requirements of this
athletic test is aimed at thelegwhat is
the advance has to be straight, from the moment
from the first contact with theflooruntil it
Halle in a vertical position, also the marcher
must enter atheelwhen I enter in
contact with the ground. It is a specialty
Olympic.
50 kilometers: it is a discipline of theathleticsin which one tries to walk as fast as possible
possible (walking) without reaching running. The limit between walking and
the race is established at the moment the athlete loses
contact with the ground in a visible way. When this happens
It is taken for granted that the walker is running (in slang of
marchers: it's flying "floating". It should not be confused.
with therunning race, where athletes can take off both
feet on the ground at the same time, and with thestreet walk, in
the one that cannot be jogged or marched.
Although it is one of the first specialties that are
they began to practice, it remains a great unknown among the different disciplines of
athletics. Despite this lack of knowledge, it is very popular in some countries where there is a
great tradition, such asSpain, Italy, China, Japan, Mexico, Guatemala, Russiay
some countries of the ancientUnion Soviet. Countries
howPoland, EcuadoroColombiathey have also produced great figures in this athletic discipline,
what has further contributed to its knowledge and expansion.
Combined events decathlon: it is acombined testofathleticsmale that
it consists of ten events (four races, three throws, and three jumps), it is contested in two
consecutive days, following an established order.
When possible, there will be a thirty-minute interval between the end of a test and the
beginning of the following, for any individual athlete; and if possible, between the last test
Ten hours will pass from the first day to the first of the second.
The series and groups will be made by the technical delegate, and failing that, by the judge.
referee, so that: the athletes who have similar marks (in the same time, year,
season…) they will compete together in both events; there will be five or more athletes in each series or
group and never less than three. When this cannot be done due to scheduling issues, the series
the groups for the following test will be created according to the availability of the
athletes after participating in the previous test. In the last test, the heats are
They will be arranged so that in one of them the athletes who lead the ranking will compete. The
technical delegate, and if applicable the referee has the authority to modify any group if
they consider it necessary.
In each test, the usual rules will apply, with the following exceptions:

In long jump and throws, only three attempts will be allowed.

In the races, all athletes will be warned in the event of a false start.
the next null will imply the expulsion of the offender.
Any athlete who does not attempt to start or make an attempt in competitions will not be authorized.
therefore, it is considered that you have withdrawn from the competition and will not appear in the rankings
final. Any athlete who wishes to withdraw must notify the referee.
The scores, according to the tables in force, will be announced after each test, separately, and
with the total accumulated. In case of a tie, the athlete who has won the most events will prevail.
has achieved a higher number of points, and if that were not enough, the one with the highest score
achieved in any test (or in a second one, etc.).
Only one timing system can be applied for the entire competition, but in case of
plusmark can apply the scores taken with thearrival photo even if there is
athletes who cannot use them.
Heptathlon: it is an athletics competition that consists of seven
different tests that are carried out
two consecutive days and by the
same athlete.
The women's heptathlon event was
created in 1980, although its origins
date back to the Olympic Games of
Tokyo in 1964, when the
pentathlon test. It is the test
combined for women included in the
athletics program of the Games
Olympic and World Championship
of Athletics of the IAAF.
There are two different types of
heptathlon, depending on whether it is held indoors or outdoors. The modality
The Olympic one is the outdoor track.
Pentathlon: The modern pentathlon ("pentathlon", from
Greek πεντά (penta) 'five' + αθλος (athlos) 'competition';
and "modern", to distinguish it fromGreco-Roman pentathlon
from antiquity) it is an Olympic sport that consists of
five testsshot sports
gun, fencing, swimming, equestrian jumpingyrunning race
cross-country.
It was created and included in the Olympic program by theCommittee
International Olympic in1909, being an initiative
staff ofPierre de Coubertin, the creator of thegames
modern Olympics and then president of theCOI.12He/She debuted in theOlympic Games of
Stockholm 1912, thanks to the organizing committee of saidOlympic Games,34and has been included
in all theOlympic Gamesup to the present.
The modern pentathlon is also a symbolic sport of the event, as the fiverings
Olympic symbol Olympics,they are inspired by the five events of the modern pentathlon.