Gamma and Hypergeometric Functions
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ScribdTranslationsGamma and Hypergeometric Functions
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ScribdTranslationsChapitre 1 : Fonction gamma et Fonctions hypergéométriques
Introduction
In this chapter, we construct a meromorphic function on , I noticed , which is an interpolation of
the factorial function For this, it is necessary that this interpolation be a solution to the equation
functional In the second part, we will study hypergeometric functions.
who are solutions of the following hypergeometric differential equation:
Where and are constants.
I. The gamma function
1) The gamma function on and on
Definition 1.1 For , the gamma function is defined, noted by the following generalized integral:
Example 1.1 For , on a .
Exercise 1.1 Demonstrate that , .
Definition 2.2 For the gamma function is defined by the generalized integral:
Example 1.2 For , on a We pose we will have .
Exercise 1.2 Study the convergence of the integrals.
Theorem 1.1 The function is of class on , its successive derivatives are given by
Furthermore, the function satisfied with the functional equation
Theorem 1.2 (Stirling's formula) When we have the equivalence
Theorem 1.3 (Gauss's Formula) For , on a
Demonstration. According to the functional equation, we have
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Chapter 1: Gamma Function and Hypergeometric Functions
So, to prove Gauss' formula, it is enough to demonstrate that
To do this, we apply Stirling's formula to and we will have
and
So
Now, we have
Hence the result.
Theorem 1.4 (Weierstrass Formula)
For , on a
With is called Euler's constant.
Demonstration. Since , therefore according to Gauss's formula, we have
So, it is enough to demonstrate for the equivalence
Indeed, based on the definition of , on a
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Chapter 1: Gamma Function and Hypergeometric Functions
So
2) The gamma function on :
Definition 2.1 For with The gamma function is defined by the integral:
Theorem 2.1. The integral is absolutely convergent for She defines a function
holomorphic on this half-plane. For and , on a
Theorem 2.2. The function admit a meromorphic extension to entire. It is holomorphic on
and admits a simple pole at the point , for everything , such that the residue is equal .
Moreover, the gamma function satisfies the functional equation. , as well as the following equation
Theorem 2.3. The function does not cancel anywhere, and the entire function is given by the formulas of
Gauss and Weierstrass, for
Corollary 2.4. The function is meromorphic on and for she is given by
Demonstration. TD exercise.
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Chapter 1: Gamma Function and Hypergeometric Functions
Theorem 2.5. (Complement Formula)
For , on a
Exercise. Calculate .
Theorem 2.6. (Legendre-Gauss Multiplication Formula)
Pour and for , on a
Particular case: For on a
II. The beta function.
Definition 1. Let with and The beta function is defined by
Proposition 1. We make the change of variable , we find:
Proposition 2. We make the change of variable , we find
Theorem 3. The relationship between the beta function and the gamma function is given by
III. Hypergeometric Functions.
Definition 1. The hypergeometric function denoted is defined by the power series
With . And as such is the symbol of Pochhammer defined by
and
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Chapter 1: Gamma function and Hypergeometric Functions
The generalized hypergeometric function denoted by is defined by the entire series
Example:
For we have the geometric series
To pour , we have the series
For we have the series of the arctangent
For , we have the series of the arcsine
For , we have the series of the logarithm
The following theorem is called Gauss's formula:
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Chapitre 1 : Fonction gamma et Fonctions hypergéométriques
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Chapter 1: Gamma Function and Hypergeometric Functions