ApexSilver

San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

San Cristobal Mining

TECHNIQUE OF
SAMPLING IN
PLANTS
CONCENTRATORS
San Cristóbal Mining Inc.

InitialConsiderations
ESCAPE
Security
Outputs of
Emergency

Respect for the

others
Turn off or put on
silence the
cell phones
San Cristóbal Mining S.A. Concept of Competence

Competent Worker

Tools Job Performance

Procedures (set of tasks)
Standards

TO KNOW KNOW HOW TO DO TO KNOW HOW TO BE

 General Objective of the Course
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

Provide students with basic tools that will

allow for better control and knowledge of
sampling of the Concentrator Plant highlighting the
importance of the security measures that must be taken
take into account
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
Course Objective

At the end of the course, participants will be in

conditions of:
Define the basic concepts of sampling
of plant.

Identify the sampling points

suitable for a concentrator plant.

Define the most suitable way of working

according to the conditions of operation.
San Cristóbal Mining Inc.

SKILLS

WRITING: Your knowledge regarding will be evaluated

to the sampling process in the plant.
You must achieve at least 70% of this.
Written Skill.

PRACTICE: You will be evaluated on the application of the

concepts learned to provide a solution to
basic real problems.
You must achieve at least 70% of this.
Practical Skill.
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
INTRODUCTION TO TECHNIQUES OF
SAMPLING
The raw materials typically handled by any process
are complex, both physically, chemically, and mineralogically, and
highly variable, even when they are from the same source. If they
It intends, then, to obtain a sample, an operation that
we will call sampling, and its subsequent preparation, for purposes of
evaluate the efficiency of the process, carry out experimentation or
quality control, it is understood that these operations must be
carried out with the utmost caution possible, so that
the sample in question represents as faithfully as possible to the
batch from which it originates.

Galena Argentite Sphalerite

San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

The operator must ask themselves the following question

answer them and then decide the number of servings and the
site where they will take them, to form the raw sample:
Is the surface layer identical to the material underneath, or has it...
changed due to its exposure to atmospheric agents, or to some
external condition?

Has there been any separation of coarse and fine particles or of

materials of different densities?

If the material has been transported, has any separation occurred?

during transportation?

•When the material is pulp, is there a tendency to sedimentation?

Minera San Cristóbal S.A.
What is sampling?
It has been defined as the operation
to extract, a part
convenient in size, from a
total which is much bigger,
in such a way that the proportions
and distribution of qualities to
be sampled (for example
specific gravity, content of
metal of interest, distribution
mineralogical, etc) are the
the same on both sides
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

When several samples are combined to obtain another one,

it is called compuestas or coposito, and of course, each
one of them must have the same characteristics.
As in practice, the conditions are never met.
ideal has been studied extensively the theory of
sampling and statistical methods have been used
to help to the formulation of rules of take of
samples that take into account the characteristics of
sampled material and the required conditions for
fulfill the objectives for which the sample was obtained

TOOLS
STATISTICS
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
Importance of samples

Statistical sampling is different from

mineral sampling
In statistical sampling, the
lot or population is composed of
for objects
of equal weight.
In mineral sampling, the
the lot is composed of objects
of
Sampling different weights. Sampling of
statistical Minerales
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
Types of Errors in Techniques of
Sampling
Sampling error: It is related to sampling.
Preparation error: It relates to reduction and refining.
de la muestra, para posterior análisis o medición de alguna
property.
Pre-editing: It is the dispersion of the distribution error, defined
about more or less two times the total standard deviation of the
sampling system.
Bias: It is the difference between the measured value and the
true average value of the study.
Range: It is the difference that exists between the maximum heat and the
minor, from a data set and gives the spectrum where it is
It is possible to find the data. It is not a very useful tool.
since it ignores all the information in the intermediate values and
although it is used for small samples, it loses value as it progresses
that increases the number of observations.
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

1) HeterogeneidadDe Composición:
Variations in analysis between one piece of mineral and another, due to
a non-uniform distribution of minerals from one fragment to another.
The variations between samples tend to decrease as
increase the sample size includes a variety of particles
having a range of mineral content and sizes.

2) Distribution Heterogeneity:
Provoked because the distribution of material fragments is not at
it is not random but rather segregation. It must be avoided as it produces a
enormous increase in sampling error.
The MIXING that is practiced prior to sampling aims to
eliminate this type of heterogeneity and obtain a distribution to
chance of mineral pieces.
San Cristóbal Mining Inc.

Sampling Approach
Miner San Cristóbal S.A.
Most important definitions of
Sampling
Sampling: This term refers to
the obtaining of a possible
small fraction, the most
possible representative of a
total mineral that
It is interesting to analyze.

Shipment: It is the quantity

of mineral delivered in a
single shipment. The cargo
it can consist of one or
more lots or parts of lots.
Batch: It is the defined quantity
of mineral, whose quality is
assume uniform.
Gross sample: It is the amount
of material, which is
consisting of all the
increments or sub-samples
taken from the universe to
to study
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
Most important definitions of
Sampling
Sample for granulometry: It is the sample obtained from the
raw sample intended for the determination of the
granulometry (It is the analysis performed on the material to
to know the size distribution of the cargo
Sample for chemical analysis: It is the sample obtained from
the final sample for the determination of the composition
chemistry of the shipment or batch.
Sample cutter: Electromechanical device that in
automatic form takes increments, whether from a flow
of solution (electrolyte) or mineral or pulp
Random sampling: It is one in which all units that
compose the material (solid-liquid) to study, they have the
same probability of being taken as an increase of the
sample that represents the material.
Systematic Sampling: In this type of sampling the
increments are collected at intervals regulated, in
terms of mass, time the defined space of
in advance
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
TYPES OF SAMPLES

TYPES OF SAMPLE

NUMBER OF SAMPLES

PLAN OF SAMPLE SAMPLE SIZE

SAMPLING

SAMPLING ERRORS

SUBSAMPLING

PRETREATMENT TRANSPORT AND PREPARATION

SAMPLE CONSERVATION ANALYSIS
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
SAMPLE HOLDERS FOR SOLIDS

Spatulas Stainless steel spoons

Capacity from 20 grams to 2000 grams.

San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
Sampling Practices in Processing
of Minerals
The use of poor sampling practices is a
of the main causes of operation
unsatisfactory or decrease in profits in
many mining and metallurgical operations. It is
a characteristic of mineral products is the
lacks uniformity and that its composition
it can vary according to its location in the
different material streams of the plant
processing. Shipments by trains of
railway or trucks, for example, will show
definitely segregation. Any
sampling processing for materials
This person should take the probability into account.
of severe segregation of the particles.
 Methods for Sampling Material
Minera San Cristóbal S.A.

from a transporter

Cut with displacement (or stroke)

line
Displacement cut (or run)
rotational.
Fixed cutter
San Cristóbal Mining Inc.
Minera San Cristóbal S.A.

Cut with displacement (or stroke) line

 Cut with displacement (or career)
San Cristóbal Mining Inc.

rotational
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

Fixed cutter. The cutter remains fixed and the current of

material is diverted through it.
 Whatever the type of sampler, in general it must
meet the following basic design considerations:
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

The cutter must take the full flow of material in

each point of the trajectory and the cutter must pass through
of all the current.
b. The cutter must have parallel sides and move at an angle

straight to the flow of material.

The cutter opening must have a width of at least 3

times (preferably 4 times) greater than the particle more

large of the material to be sampled. Otherwise, the particles
larger ones will be rejected producing an error
systematic sampling.
The speed of the cutter through the current must be

constant and of a magnitude such that it alters the least possible

the flow of material and in case of containing the sample the cutter
It must have such a capacity that overflow does not occur.
When at rest, the cutter must be completely

away from the flow of material and with its position such that it does not
allow the entry of material or dust that may contaminate
the next sample
San Cristóbal Mining Inc.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR PULP FLOWS

A suspension is a mixture of solid particles with

a liquid. In the field of mineral processing, the
solid particles that make up suspensions contain
mineral species and the liquid is normally water, with
some dissolved chemical substances.
These suspensions or mixtures are commonly referred to
it is called metallurgical pulps or simply pulps.
If a pulp, when processed, becomes rich in
mineralogical species of economic interest, it is called
Concentrated. To the product of pulp poor in valuable species
it is commonly referred to as tailings, tail, or waste; and the product with a
intermediate content of elements of interest is usually referred to
mixed call.
San Cristóbal Mining S.A. MOISTURE AREA MINING PLANT SAN CRISTOBAL
 WETLAND AREA SAN CRISTOBAL MINING PLANT
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
Minera San Cristóbal S.A.
WETLAND AREA SAN CRISTOBAL MINING PLANT
 MOISTURE AREA SAN CRISTOBAL MINING PLANT
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
San Cristóbal Mining Inc. The concentration of solids in a slurry
it can be expressed in different ways,
among them are:
Weight concentration of solids
Solid mass / pulp mass.
Concentration of solids in volume
Cv: Volume of solids/ volume of pulp.
Pulp density,
ρmass of pulp / volume of pulp.
Dilution,
Water mass / solid mass.
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
METHODS OF DENSITY DETERMINATION OF
PULP ON SITE AND IN THE LABORATORY
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
METHODS OF DENSITY DETERMINATION OF
PULP IN FIELD AND LABORATORY
San Cristóbal Mining Company S.A.
PULP FLOW EDITING BY METHODS
CONTINUOUS

The volumetric flow of slurries in pipes can be determined

using an electromagnetic or ultrasonic flow meter
San Cristobal Mining, Inc.

TYPES OF PULP CUTTERS.

MANUALS
San Cristóbal Mining Company S.A.

AUTOMATICS

LINEAR SLIDE SHOW PIPE SAMPLES

San Cristóbal Mining Inc.

ROTARY CUTTER SAMPLE HOLDER MOUNTING CUTTER SAMPLE

SUPERIOR
Minera San Cristóbal S.A. COURIER ANALYZER
Minera San Cristóbal S.A.
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.
SAMPLING PLAN

GROSS SAMPLE

PRE-DRYING
ACCORDING TO SIZE

ANALYSIS OF THE
DISTRIBUTION
OF SIZE

GRINDING

DIVISION

MILLING DISCARD

DIVISION FINAL SAMPLE

SAMPLE ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

DISCARD
San Cristóbal Mining S.A.

SAMPLING POINTS IN THE WETLAND AREA OF THE PLANT

SAMPLING POINTS